scholarly journals Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Cha Soon Lin ◽  
Naimah Ibrahim ◽  
Norhidayah Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Adli Hanif ◽  
Sureena Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
No Adsorption ◽  
No Removal

Nitric oxide (NO) emission is known to pose detrimental effects towards the environment and human beings. Low-temperature NO removal by activated carbon from agricultural waste materials is affordable due to the use of low-cost materials as precursor and elimination of the need for flue gas reheating. The use of chemical agents in activated carbon production improves the performance of waste materials in NO removal. The performance of NO removal was investigated via breakthrough experiment using oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.5 M). Activation of EFB with 0.5 M ZnCl2 resulted in the formation of well-defined micropores, but the use of higher concentration of ZnCl2 resulted in widening of developed pores and intense pore blockage which reduce the accessibility of NO molecules to the adsorption sites. An adsorption isotherm study conducted using 0.5 M ZnCl2/EFB sample with varying NO concentration between 300-1000 ppm indicated that the adsorption process was best defined by Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, adsorption kinetic was investigated at different temperatures; i.e. 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C. NO removal was found to follow Avrami kinetic model at T=100 °C, while upon further increase in temperature, the process was better fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. NO adsorption capacity increases significantly beyond 250 °C up to 1000 mg/g. The activation energy of NO adsorption fell into two distinct regions: -4.73 kJ/mol at 100-200 °C and 84.04 kJ/mol at 200-300 °C. At lower temperature, the adsorption process was exothermic and followed physisorption path, while the increase in reaction temperature led to slower rate of reaction. It was concluded that the removal of NO using EFB modified with ZnCl2 at optimized condition could be a promising alternatives for treating NO-containing flue gas.

Adsorption Characteristics of Nitric Oxide and Sulfur Dioxide on Coal Activated Carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3056-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Juan Kang ◽  
Xiao Long Tang ◽  
Jin Hui Peng ◽  
Hong Hong Yi ◽  
Ping Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Heat Of Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
No Adsorption ◽  
Isosteric Heat Of Adsorption

The aim of this paper is to study the adsorption characteristics of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on raw coal activated carbon over temperature ranged 298～343K using a static volumetric adsorption apparatus. The adsorption equilibrium data for NO and SO2were fitted to Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Sips adsorption isotherm model. Isosteric heat of adsorption was determined by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. It was found that Sips adsorption isotherm model is more suitable for description of NO adsorption process at 298K, 313K and 328K and SO2adsorption process at 313K, 328K and 343K, however, D-R adsorption isotherm model is more suitable for description of the NO adsorption process at 343K and SO2adsorption process at 298K. The isosteric heat of adsorption values of SO2increase slightly as the adsorbed amounts increasing from 0.8 to 1.6mg/g, but the isosteric heat of adsorption values of NO show a converse trend. Meanwhile, NO and SO2adsorbed on coal activated carbon at the four temperatures may be a dominant of physical adsorption.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

scholarly journals Modelling of NO adsorption in fixed bed on activated carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Kuboňová ◽  
Lucie Obalová ◽  
Oldřich Vlach ◽  
Ivana Troppová ◽  
Jaroslav Kalousek
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
No Adsorption ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mass Transfer Mechanism

Modelling of NO adsorption in fixed bed on activated carbon Adsorption experiments of nitric oxide in nitrogen carrier gas were held on activated carbon in a fixed bed flow system. Breakthrough curves describing the dependence of exit concentrations of nitric oxide on time were matched with theoretical response curves calculated from the linear driving force model (LDF). The model assumes Langmuir adsorption isotherm for the description of non-linear equilibrium and overall mass transfer coefficient for mass transfer mechanism. Overall mass transfer coefficients were obtained by the method of least squares for fitting numerically modelled breakthrough curves with experimental breakthrough curves. It was found that LDF model fits all the breakthrough curves and it is a useful tool for modelling purposes.

scholarly journals Breakthrough studies of Co3O4 supported activated carbon monolith for simultaneous SO2/NO removal from flue gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiman Silas ◽  
Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani ◽  
Thomas Shean Yaw Choong ◽  
Umer Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Carbon Monolith ◽  
Activated Carbon Monolith

scholarly journals Removal of COD from Groundwater in and Around Industrial Areas - Using Activated Carbon Powder Prepared by Groundnut Foliage and Groundnut Husk

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-927
Author(s):  
A. Kistan ◽  
V. Kanchana ◽  
N. K. Geetha ◽  
G. Infant Sujitha
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The following study explains that the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon used by Groundnut foliage and groundnut husk for the deportation of COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) from groundwater collected from in and around industrial areas of Vellore district was investigated with different activating conditions (Activating agent- KOH, ZnCl2 and H3PO4; Impregnation ratio-1:1,1:2,1:2; and activation temeperture-500-700°C. The activated carbon prepared based on optimized condition has well-developed pore structure and functional groups which is confirmed from SEM image and FTIR analysis respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 240 min with the isotherm data fitted well in both the model such as Langmuir model and Freundlich’s model indicating chemisorption’s adsorption for the activated carbon. Moreover, the adsorption process was exothermic accompanied by a decrease in irregularity. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic study indicated that the adsorption process of the prepared sample follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model compare to the pseudo-first -order kinetic model

Application of Ozone in the Treatment of Nitric Oxide from Simulated Flue Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2663-2666
Author(s):  
Xu Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Molar Ratios

The objective of this work was to study the effect of some operating condition on the removal of NO from simulated flue gas in the lab-scale agitated bubbling reactor. The experimental results showed that NO removal efficiency went up with the increase in the molar ratios of O3/NO and the NO removal efficiency reached 92% at 3 of molar ratio. It can also be found that the average removal efficiency was slightly affected by the reaction temperature and almost retained over 75%.

Adsorption CO2 on Activated Carbon with Surface Modification

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Hui Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ying Lin ◽  
Yun Fei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activate Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Sorbent ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
New Type

The success of CO2 capture from flue gas with solid sorbent is dependent of a low cost sorbent with high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity. Modifying surface texture of activated carbon with impregnating amines is expected to offer the benefits of liquid amines in the typical adsorption process routes. In this work, cocoanut activate carbon (AC) is firstly alkalified by KOH solution, then modified by impregnation of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), triethylenetetramine (TATA), and triethanolamine (TEA) to form a new type of sorbents. The effects of alkalifying treatment and temperature on CO2 adsorption capacities of the sorbents are investigated. Results indicate that the activate carbons modified by combining alkalification pretreatment firstly and then impregnated amines at low temperature are profitable for CO2 adsorption. The adsorption capacities of CO2 are enhanced with TEPA and TETA impregnation on the activate carbon pretreated by KOH solution. And CO2 adsorption capacity of new sorbents is stable after many adsorption and desorption cycles.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CARBONISATION TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID-TREATED OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ACTIVATED CARBON

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Ahmad ◽  
Naimah Ibrahim ◽  
Phan Yun Fu ◽  
Razi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Regeneration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Carbonisation process affects the surface physical and chemical properties of an activated carbon. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the influence of carbonisation temperature from 400 to 550°C during activation with 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on the surface pore characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) for nitric oxide (NO) removal from gas streams. Pore and morphological characterisation showed that EFB carbonised at 400°C (EFBC-400) is microporous and has a uniform pore structure with 98% micropore volume. Increasing carbonisation temperature resulted in pore enlargement from 2.8 to 4.7 nm and increment in pore heterogeneity and BET surface area from 215 to 759 m2/g. However, the NO breakthrough experiment indicated that EFBC-400 is more favourable for low-temperature NO removal, due to the importance of microporosity in adsorption of NO. Further study will look at the kinetics of NO removal and the adsorbent regeneration.

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