scholarly journals Synthesis of iron sand into nano Mn-Ferrite

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Yulianto ◽  
Sulhadi Sulhadi ◽  
Ahmad Lutfi Isnaeni Azis ◽  
Eli Dayati
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Nanosized Powder ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Impurity Elements

Magnetic material, Mn-Ferrite, was prepared from iron sand using precipitation and sol-gel methods. The methods were applied to produce a homogenous and nanosized powder. The precipitation process was taken place at room temperature. MnO2 and Fe3O4 were dissolved with HCl solution to obtained MnCl2, FeCl2 and FeCl3 and the resulted solution were mixed. NH4OH and NaOH solutions were added into mixed solution to produce precipitated material. At the heating temperature of 70°C, 59% of (Mn,Fe)2O3 was obtained with its particle size around 1-10 nm. By applying sol-gel method, the iron sand was processed into iron (III) nitrate using nitric acid. Then Iron (III) nitrate was mixed with manganese (II) nitrate in the EG solvent and heated for 2 hours in 100°C until gel was formed. To get the powder, the gel was dried at 150°C for 2 hours and then continued into 350 -700°C for 2 hours. The XRD characterization shows that the powder produced from 350°C heating contain 100% of (Mn,Fe)3O4 with spinel cubic structure. At the heating treatment of 700°C, the compound was changed into (Mn,Fe)2O3 and MnFeO3. By applying Scherrer method, it was known that the average particle sizewas 1 nm and homogenous. The XRF characterization of the material resulted by both of the methods indicates that there were impurity elements such as Ti, Mo, Zn, Ca, Cu and Ni exist in the sample, since the study was used row material of iron sand.

scholarly journals Synthesis and electrical characterization of Ca2Nd4Ti6O20 ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Raz Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Uzair ◽  
M. Javid Iqbal ◽  
M. Jawad Khan ◽  
Yaseen Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
First Time ◽  
Alkoxide Precursors ◽  
Room Temperature Dielectric Constant

AbstractCa2Nd4Ti6O20, a layered perov skite structured material was synthesized via a chemical (citrate sol-gel) route for the first time using nitrates and alkoxide precursors. Phase analysis of a sample sintered at 1625 °C revealed the formation of an orthorhombic (Pbn21) symmetry. The microstructure of the sample after sintering comprised rod-shaped grains of a size of 1.5 to 6.5µm. The room temperature dielectric constant of the sintered sample was 38 at 100 kHz. The remnant polarization (Pr) and the coercive field (Ec) were about 400 μC/cm2 and 8.4 kV/cm, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the capacitance (13.7 pF) and activation energy (1.39 eV) of the grain boundary was greater than the capacitance (5.7 pF) and activation energy (1.13 eV) of the grain.

Synthesis and characterization of MnO2nanowires

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani ◽  
Abdol Mahmood Davarpanah
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Method

Manganese oxides are of more interest to researchers because of their ability as catalysts and lithium batteries. In this research, MnO2nanowires with diameter about 45 nm were synthesized by sol–gel method at room temperature (RT). Effect of increasing the annealing temperature from 400[Formula: see text]C to 600[Formula: see text]C on crystalline structure of nanostructure were studied and average crystallite size was estimated about 22 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nanowires of MnO2.

Synthesis and Characterization of Sm-Ho-CeO2 Compounds Produced by Different Synthesis Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-314
Author(s):  
Ahmet Hamdi BAKIR and Handan ZL TORUN Ahmet Hamdi BAKIR and Handan ZL TORUN
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Electrolyte ◽  
Cubic Phases ◽  
Hydrothermal Methods

The most important part of a solid oxide fuel cell is the ceramic electrolyte. In this study, cerium oxide (CeO2) was used as the ceramic electrolyte, and different dopant types were used to increase total conductivity. In this study, the most commonly used Sm, and the less frequently used Ho elements were doped simultaneously. As a result, the effect of dope and different synthesis methods on electrolyte properties was evaluated. Three rates were studied with the total amount of Sm-Ho being 20%. The effect of the dopant types on conductivity with critical radius effect was investigated. These dope types were placed in a CeO2 crystal lattice by using the sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. After synthesis, the stable phase was obtained at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used for phase determination. The thermogravimetry (TG) determined mass change. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in the analysis of surface morphology. Total conductivity measurements were measured by the four-probe dc method. After synthesis processes, cubic compounds were obtained. The total conductivity values of the cubic phases samples obtained by two different synthesis methods were compared. The highest conductivity was observed in the sol-gel compounds. The highest electrical conductivity Ce0.80Sm0.10Ho0.10O2 system sol- gel; 6.92x10-3(Ωcm)1- at 655 oC. It was found that the compound obtained as a result of the evaluations could be used ceramic electrolyte application.

Preparation and characterization of iron(III) 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gels for the assessment of 99mTc elution performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Amin ◽  
Tharwat W. Fasih ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Absy
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Chromatographic Columns ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mo Content

AbstractNew iron(III)99Mo-molybdate(VI) gels (Fe99Mo) of high Mo content were prepared by the precipitation/filtration method.99Mo–MoO3dissolved in NaOH was added to aqueous solutions of Fe(NO3)3at Mo/Fe mole fractions ~2.21 and 1.99 with continuous stirring at ambient room temperature. Two different Fe99Mo were precipitated from the mixed solutions adjusted at pH 2 and 4.7. The amount of water of hydration increased with the increasing the gel settling time and pH of the mixed solution. The matrices were characterized by radiometric, XRD, SEM, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA measurements. Small chromatographic columns of 2.0 g Fe99Mo containing ≥800 mg Mo tagged with 740 MBq99Mo were eluted with 5 mL saline solution. Highly reproducible99mTc elution indices suitable for preparation of99Mo/99mTc generators were achieved from generator supported with 0.5 g Al2O3filter. Elution performance of99mTc radionuclide was highly dependent on the gel structural properties.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Composite Containing HCl-Doped Polyaniline and Fe Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongcheng Liu ◽  
Hong Qiu ◽  
Hua Zong ◽  
Chunying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Doped Polyaniline ◽  
Dimensional Variable

HCl-doped polyaniline powder (HCl-PANI) was synthesized by using a polymerization procedure. Fe nanoparticles were then deposited on the HCl-PANI at room temperature by direct current magnetron sputtering. After this process the HCl-PANI-Fe composite was obtained. Fe nanoparticle size in the composite is about 100 nm. HCl-PANI structure is not influenced by the Fe nanoparticles. The composite pellet has room temperature ferromagnetism and a conductivity of 0.25 S/cm. Temperature dependence of the conductivity reveals that a carrier transport mechanism in the composite is three-dimensional variable range hopping. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that a weight loss of the HCl-PANI-Fe composite is smaller than that of the HCl-PANI for the same heating temperature when the temperature exceeds 230°C.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ni-Ferrite and Co-Ferrite Redox Materials for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 1675 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul R. Bhosale ◽  
Ivo Alxneit ◽  
Leo L. P. van den Broeke ◽  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Mehak Jilani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we report the synthesis and characterization of NixFe3-xO4 and CoxFe3-xO4 redox nanomaterials using sol-gel method. These materials will be used to produce solar fuels such as H2 or syngas from H2O and/or CO2 via solar thermochemical cycles (STCs). For the sol-gel synthesis of ferrites, the Ni, Co, Fe precursor salts were dissolved in ethanol and propylene oxide (PO) was added dropwise to the well mixed solution as a gelation agent to achieve gel formation. Freshly synthesized gels were aged, dried, and calcined by heating them to 600°C in air. The calcined powders were characterized by powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD), BET surface area, as well as scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Their suitability to be used in STCs for the production of solar fuels was assessed by performing several reduction/re-oxidation cycles using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).

Superacid-Catalyzed Preparation of Highly Dispersible Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Without Hydrocarbon Units

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2755-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Nakahara ◽  
Yoshiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Trifluoromethyl Groups

Highly dispersible, hydrocarbon-free zirconium oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2–NTf2– NP and TiO2–NTf2–NP) were successfully prepared via the simple sol–gel reactions of zirconium tetra-n-butoxide and titanium tetra-n-butoxide, respectively, using a water/methanol mixed solution of the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide superacid. ZrO2–NTf2–NP could be dispersed in acetone, ethanol, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water, whereas TiO2–NTf2–NP could be dispersed in acetone, DMF, DMSO, and water. The number-average particle sizes of ZrO2–NTf2–NP and TiO2–NTf2–NP were determined to be 3.6±0.6 nm and 5.8±1.1 nm; these values were obtained by dynamic light-scattering measurements of the acetone dispersions (1.0 w/v%). Highly dispersible ZrO2 nanoparticles could be prepared using other acid catalysts containing trifluoromethyl groups, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. In contrast, dispersible TiO2 nanoparticles could not be prepared using these acid catalysts.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Monoclinic Crystalline Phase of Hydroxyapatite by Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction and Piezoresponse Force Microscopy

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pérez-Solis ◽  
José Gervacio-Arciniega ◽  
Boby Joseph ◽  
María Mendoza ◽  
Abel Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Piezoelectric Force Microscopy

In this work, we report the synthesis of a monoclinic hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] (hereafter called HA) prepared by the sol-gel method assisted by ultrasound radiation at room temperature. The characterization of both the monoclinic and the hexagonal phases were performed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and using synchrotron radiation (SR). The measurement of the piezoelectricity was performed by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The synthesis produced a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal hydroxyapatite (HA). We also discuss the importance of stabilizing the monoclinic phase at room temperature with ultrasound irradiation. The existence of the monoclinic phase has important advantages in terms of showing piezoelectric properties for applications in the new medical rehabilitation therapies. Rietveld refinement of the PXRD data from SR indicated the monoclinic phase to be of about 81%. Finally, piezoelectric force microscopy was used to distinguish the phases of hydroxyapatite by measuring the average piezoelectric coefficient deff = 10.8 pm/V.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Wollastonite from Rice Husk Ash and Limestone

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisah Ismail ◽  
Roslinda Shamsudin ◽  
Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid ◽  
Azman Jalar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Nano Size

Wollastonite, CaSiO3 material was prepared from rice husk ash, as the source for SiO2 and limestone, source for CaO using sol-gel method. Rice husk ash and CaO powder was mixed together in 100ml distilled water with the rice husk ash/CaO ratios of 45:55 and 40:60. The mixed solution was place in the autoclave and heated at 135°C for 4 hours and calcined at 950°C for 1 and 2 hours. From the XRD results,ratio of 45:55 exhibited that b-wollastonite is the major phase and the minor phase is only contributed by cristoballite and by calcining the mixture for 2hrs would yield better crystallinity. Both of the rice husk ash:CaO ratios produced wollastonite materials in cylinder structures. Wollastonite with nano size grain was obtained for an hour calcination and 2 hrs of calcination would increase the grain size over 100 nm for ratio, 45:55 and 40:60.Therefore in order to get the nano size of wollastonite material, period of calcination process has to be controlled.

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