scholarly journals How Does the Entrepreneurs’ Financial, Human, Social and Psychological Capitals Impact Entrepreneur’S Success?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsafty ◽  
Dalia Abadir ◽  
Ashraf Shaarawy
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The literature has widely covered the factors that determine the success of entrepreneurial ventures from financial and organizational perspectives. This study intends to tackle how the Financial Capital, the Human Capital, the Social Capital, and the Psychological Capital of the Entrepreneur affect Entrepreneurial Success. Despite that the Financial, Human, and Social Capitals are extensively examined in the literature as they relate to entrepreneurial success, this paper will add the psychological capital of the entrepreneur and examine its effect on entrepreneurial success in Egypt.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Financial Capital, Human Capital, Social Capital, and Psychological Capital on Entrepreneurial Success using a cross-sectional survey. Respondents were the owners and founders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Cairo, Egypt. The results revealed that Social Capital and Psychological capital had a statistical significance as well as a positive strong relationship with Entrepreneurial success, while the Financial Capital and the Human Capital had statistical insignificance as well as a positive weak to a very weak relationship with Entrepreneurial success respectively.The study findings suggested that entrepreneurial success is strongly connected to the intangible resources of the entrepreneur, which are Social Capital and Psychological Capital, and that the Psychological Capital had the highest impact on Entrepreneurial success. However, the impact of the Financial Capital and Human Capital on Entrepreneurial Success was statistically insignificant.

The impact of trust on social and financial capital acquisition: A resource integration perspective in minority-owned entrepreneurial organisations

2022 ◽  
pp. 026624262110553
Author(s):  
Ronald L Pegram ◽  
Camelia L Clarke ◽  
James W Peltier ◽  
K Praveen Parboteeah
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Entrepreneurs

Although effective resource integration is a critical requisite for entrepreneurial success, the literature suggests there are crucial gaps for minority entrepreneurs. We examine how interracial distrust (ID), an indicator of the extent to which minority entrepreneurs distrust other races, is related to internal and social capital. We examine the relationships of such capitals on the willingness to borrow from banks and friends, and explore the link with firm performance. Using a sample of 276 primarily African American entrepreneurs, we find support for most of our hypotheses. We find that ID is negatively associated with external social capital and a willingness to borrow from banks. Surprisingly, we found that ID had a negative effect on internal social capital and a willingness to borrow from friends. We also found that internal and external social capital was positively related to firm performance. We discuss the implications of some of these surprising research findings as well as the policy implications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Explanations on Layperson Trust in Artificial Intelligence–Driven Symptom Checker Apps: Experimental Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Woodcock ◽  
Brent Mittelstadt ◽  
Dan Busbridge ◽  
Grant Blank
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
P System ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI)–driven symptom checkers are available to millions of users globally and are advocated as a tool to deliver health care more efficiently. To achieve the promoted benefits of a symptom checker, laypeople must trust and subsequently follow its instructions. In AI, explanations are seen as a tool to communicate the rationale behind black-box decisions to encourage trust and adoption. However, the effectiveness of the types of explanations used in AI-driven symptom checkers has not yet been studied. Explanations can follow many forms, including <i>why</i>-explanations and <i>how</i>-explanations. Social theories suggest that <i>why</i>-explanations are better at communicating knowledge and cultivating trust among laypeople. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to ascertain whether explanations provided by a symptom checker affect explanatory trust among laypeople and whether this trust is impacted by their existing knowledge of disease. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 750 healthy participants was conducted. The participants were shown a video of a chatbot simulation that resulted in the diagnosis of either a migraine or temporal arteritis, chosen for their differing levels of epidemiological prevalence. These diagnoses were accompanied by one of four types of explanations. Each explanation type was selected either because of its current use in symptom checkers or because it was informed by theories of contrastive explanation. Exploratory factor analysis of participants’ responses followed by comparison-of-means tests were used to evaluate group differences in trust. RESULTS Depending on the treatment group, two or three variables were generated, reflecting the prior knowledge and subsequent mental model that the participants held. When varying explanation type by disease, migraine was found to be nonsignificant (<i>P</i>=.65) and temporal arteritis, marginally significant (<i>P</i>=.09). Varying disease by explanation type resulted in statistical significance for input influence (<i>P</i>=.001), social proof (<i>P</i>=.049), and no explanation (<i>P</i>=.006), with counterfactual explanation (<i>P</i>=.053). The results suggest that trust in explanations is significantly affected by the disease being explained. When laypeople have existing knowledge of a disease, explanations have little impact on trust. Where the need for information is greater, different explanation types engender significantly different levels of trust. These results indicate that to be successful, symptom checkers need to tailor explanations to each user’s specific question and discount the diseases that they may also be aware of. CONCLUSIONS System builders developing explanations for symptom-checking apps should consider the recipient’s knowledge of a disease and tailor explanations to each user’s specific need. Effort should be placed on generating explanations that are personalized to each user of a symptom checker to fully discount the diseases that they may be aware of and to close their information gap.

Getting more than money through online crowdfunding

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Macht ◽  
Geoffrey Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Message Board ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Many businesses invest significant resources to develop human, social and psychological capital, yet Crowdfunding (CF) activities have the potential to build all of these non-financial forms of capital at the same time as raising finance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the non-financial forms of capital that entrepreneurs and businesses using online CF activities can gain from their backers without having to ask for it. Design/methodology/approach The study used thematic, qualitative analysis to explore the comments and queries that crowdfunders posted on the publicly visible message board of individual CF projects on Kickstarter, one of the world’s leading crowdfunding platforms (CFPs). Findings Fund-seekers can gain more than money from crowdfunders: they can enhance their own human capital (e.g. knowledge of the viability of the project), social capital (e.g. the development of a bonding relationship) and psychological capital (e.g. self-efficacy and resilience) by effectively interpreting unsolicited comments and questions. Research limitations/implications This study is based on typed comments on CFP message boards, which limits insights into underlying reasons and motivations. However, the qualitative analysis of message board comments demonstrates how this type of data can be utilised to explore crucial aspects of CF that have to date been neglected. Practical implications Comments from many crowdfunders can provide useful information to fund-seeking entrepreneurs and businesses, although some of it may require interpretation. Originality/value The opportunity for fund-seekers to gain non-financial capital from crowdfunders, without having to ask for it, has not previously been explicitly considered in the field.

Linking Human Capital and Organisational Innovative Capabilities of Financial Institutions: Evidence from a Developing Country of South Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Ayub ◽  
Abdul Rashid Kausar ◽  
Mubashar Majeed Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Mastery ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Innovative Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Organisational collective knowledge plays an important role in innovation and also provides a competitive advantage. Human Capital (HC) is the sum total of intelligence found in individual human beings and consists of individual’s learning and education, experience and expertise, and personal creativity and innovation. Researchers believed that only innovative organisations are going to survive in future in the knowledge-economy. The present research is aimed to study the impact of HC on Innovative Capability (IC) of a financial institution. This impact is empirically tested through a cross-sectional survey in which randomly selected 170 participants of a commercial bank verified the four proposed hypotheses. The findings endorsed four aspects of the study. First, HC was influenced by bank officers’ skills/competence, knowledge, abilities, personal mastery and their transformational leadership role. Second, IC of the bank has been found influenced by support for innovation available to bank officers, bank officers’ innovative behaviour, and tolerance for difference available to them. Third, the bank officers’ leadership role, personal mastery, and their abilities were significant and positively related to bank’s IC, whereas, bank officers’ knowledge was significant but negatively related to bank’s IC. Finally, the fourth finding of the study suggested that bank’s collective HC is having a positive relationship with bank’s IC. The study would help managers to identify important HC elements suitable for financial organisations that could have an impact on its IC.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of nursing students in Japan: protocol for a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055916
Author(s):  
Jun Kako ◽  
Yoshiyasu Ito ◽  
Kohei Kajiwara ◽  
Yasutaka Kimura ◽  
Takahiro Kakeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is spreading globally with a high risk of mortality. It is also significantly affecting mental health. For nursing students, the impact of COVID-19 on mental health is predicted to be significant; however, sufficient data have not been obtained. Therefore, this study will aim to assess the mental health of nursing students and evaluate the related factors.Methods and analysisThis proposed study is a cross-sectional survey using a self-report questionnaire. An online questionnaire will be distributed among all nursing students of eight universities in Japan. The survey questionnaire will consist of questions related to demography, life satisfaction, fear of COVID-19, mental health and physical activities. The target sample size is 1300 nursing students. We will calculate descriptive statistics for each measurement item and perform univariate and logistic regression analyses to evaluate the potential risk factors for anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms in nursing students. The strength of association will be assessed using the OR and its 95% CIs. Statistical significance will be set at a p<0.05.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Hyogo on 22 March 2021 (ID: 2020F29). In addition, all of the participating facilities required ethical approval from their local IRBs. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. We believe that the proposed large-scale investigation of the mental health of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship between mental health and fear of COVID-19 are novel and will be a strength of this study.

scholarly journals The Impact of Explanations on Layperson Trust in Artificial Intelligence–Driven Symptom Checker Apps: Experimental Study

10.2196/29386 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. e29386
Author(s):  
Claire Woodcock ◽  
Brent Mittelstadt ◽  
Dan Busbridge ◽  
Grant Blank
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Social Proof ◽  
The Impact

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)–driven symptom checkers are available to millions of users globally and are advocated as a tool to deliver health care more efficiently. To achieve the promoted benefits of a symptom checker, laypeople must trust and subsequently follow its instructions. In AI, explanations are seen as a tool to communicate the rationale behind black-box decisions to encourage trust and adoption. However, the effectiveness of the types of explanations used in AI-driven symptom checkers has not yet been studied. Explanations can follow many forms, including why-explanations and how-explanations. Social theories suggest that why-explanations are better at communicating knowledge and cultivating trust among laypeople. Objective The aim of this study is to ascertain whether explanations provided by a symptom checker affect explanatory trust among laypeople and whether this trust is impacted by their existing knowledge of disease. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 750 healthy participants was conducted. The participants were shown a video of a chatbot simulation that resulted in the diagnosis of either a migraine or temporal arteritis, chosen for their differing levels of epidemiological prevalence. These diagnoses were accompanied by one of four types of explanations. Each explanation type was selected either because of its current use in symptom checkers or because it was informed by theories of contrastive explanation. Exploratory factor analysis of participants’ responses followed by comparison-of-means tests were used to evaluate group differences in trust. Results Depending on the treatment group, two or three variables were generated, reflecting the prior knowledge and subsequent mental model that the participants held. When varying explanation type by disease, migraine was found to be nonsignificant (P=.65) and temporal arteritis, marginally significant (P=.09). Varying disease by explanation type resulted in statistical significance for input influence (P=.001), social proof (P=.049), and no explanation (P=.006), with counterfactual explanation (P=.053). The results suggest that trust in explanations is significantly affected by the disease being explained. When laypeople have existing knowledge of a disease, explanations have little impact on trust. Where the need for information is greater, different explanation types engender significantly different levels of trust. These results indicate that to be successful, symptom checkers need to tailor explanations to each user’s specific question and discount the diseases that they may also be aware of. Conclusions System builders developing explanations for symptom-checking apps should consider the recipient’s knowledge of a disease and tailor explanations to each user’s specific need. Effort should be placed on generating explanations that are personalized to each user of a symptom checker to fully discount the diseases that they may be aware of and to close their information gap.

Relative effects of human capital, social capital and psychological capital on hotel employees’ job performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songshan (Sam) Huang ◽  
Zhicheng Yu ◽  
Yuhong Shao ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Zhiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study examines the relative effects of human capital (HC), social capital (SC) and psychological capital (PC) on hotel employees’ job performance. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 417 employees from seven five-star hotels in China was recruited for the study. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to confirm the quality of measurement structures. Stepwise regression was used to examine the relative effects of the three capitals on hotel employees’ job performance. Findings PC was found to be the strongest predictor of self-reported job performance (SJP) among the three capitals under investigation. Education and work experience in the HC domain affected SJP, whereas SC dimensions did not. However, only education and work experience in the HC domain were found to affect supervisor-rated job performance (RJP). Practical implications Given the impact of PC on hotel employee’s SJP, human resource managers should attend to this capital in staff recruitment, retention and training and development. Originality/value This study provides a holistic comparative lens to examine the relative contribution of the three capitals on hotel employees’ job performance. This will help to further clarify the roles played by each of the capitals in hotel service work, thus advancing the development of the theories underlying each of the three capitals.

scholarly journals Social Factors Associated with Trust in the Health System in Northern Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Baroudi ◽  
Isabel Goicolea ◽  
Anna-Karin Hurtig ◽  
Miguel San-Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Despite the importance of having trust in the health system, there is a paucity of research in this field in Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of trust in the health system and to assess the factors associated with it in northern Sweden. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 in the four northern regions of Sweden. A total of 24 795 participants aged 18 to 84 years were involved in the study. A log-binomial regression was used to measure the association between sociodemographic factors and trust in the health system. Results Two thirds of the participants (68.5%) reported high trust in the health system. Women had lower prevalence of trust compared to men (PR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94–0.98) while older participants had a higher trust compared to youth (PR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.06–1.16). Participants with lower level of education, those who experienced economic stress, those who were born outside Sweden and those living in small municipalities also had lower prevalence of trust in the health system. Conversely, lower income was associated with higher trust (PR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04–1.12). Finally, a strong relationship between social capital and trust in the health system was also found. Conclusions Trust in the health system was moderately high in northern Sweden and strongly associated with sociodemographic and social capital factors. Trust is a complex phenomenon and a deeper exploration of the relation between trust in the health system and sociodemographic factors is needed.

Intra-Ethnic Business Networks in the Gurage Footwear Industry in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Tebarek Lika Megento ◽  
Christian Kesteloot
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Drawing on insights from social network theory, the socio-economic and cultural dimensions of intra-ethnic business networks are examined for the Gurage, an ethnic group in Ethiopia. This study also examines the extent of Chinese impacts on the footwear industry of Ethiopia. A qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews was utilized in order to assess intra-ethnic business networks, while a quantitative approach, based on a cross-sectional survey, was employed to collect background data, to assess the impact of Chinese imports on local footwear producers and to identify potential cases for in-depth interviews. Gurage use ethnic networks to mobilize resources and opportunities, which in turn contributes to their success in the business. In response to the threats of Chinese imports on production activities and social capital of local footwear enterprises, firms downsized or stopped business, or resorted to other alternatives.

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