scholarly journals Deferred tax analysis and impact on firm's economic efficiency ratios

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Bohušová ◽  
Patrik Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retained Earnings

Category of deferred income tax is a complex topic including the whole accounting system and the income tax. Calculation method can be time-consuming and demanding a high quality system of analytical evidence and a system of valuation and demanding the high level of accountants' knowledge. The aim in the theoretical level was to analyze process of calculation and recording of deferred tax. Importance of recording of deferred tax and the impact on financial analysis ratios was analyzed. Fourteen business entities were examined. Deferred tax recording is a legal way to reduce retained earnings a to protect of its careless alocation.

scholarly journals ENTITY TAX EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kalabukhova
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The State ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
Tax Efficiency ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retained Earnings

Introduction. The necessity of estimation by various groups of stakeholders of the tax system influence on the financial results of business entities has led to the emergence of tax analysis. The key task of tax analysis is to substantiate the economic decisions, which aim to optimize tax expenses from the profit of the enterprise. A number of issues still remains unsolved. These issues are connected with the analytical procedure of external users understanding of the impact of the tax policy of the company on its financial results according to the financial statements. Purpose. The article aims to study and to develop the analysis of the tax efficiency of a business entity that provides the external users with financial reporting an understanding of the intentions of management personnel as for the owners and investors capital preservation and the state interests’ realization. Results. The investigation of issues, which are connected with the disclosure of information on expenses on corporate income tax in the financial statements has been extended. New analytical indicators of tax efficiency and additive factor models of expenses on corporate profit tax have been proposed. The importance of calculating the analytical indicator "effective tax rate on profit" has been substantiated. It has been reasoned that the analysis of the formation of the income tax enables the search for additional free sources of financing for the activity. An analytical procedure for understanding the tax efficiency of an entity has been developed. The procedure of testing for the risk of non-payment of income tax by the entity has been proposed. The procedure for assessing the risk of lowering retained earnings in the future due to the deferred income tax in the reporting period has been disclosed. The form of an analytical table, which can facilitate the unification of the management document "Management Report" in terms of the characteristics of the tax environment of the entity, has been developed. The stencil of the analytical conclusion as for the tax efficiency of the business entity, which promotes the information culture of documenting the generalizations about the intentions of the managerial staff regarding the owners' and investors' capital preservation and the state interests’ realization, has been proposed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TAX DIFFERENCES ON THE INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL RESULTS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES: IDENTIFICATION AND ACCOUNTING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Ponomarenko ◽  
Nataliya Kantsedal
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Recognition And Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Accounting

The article establishes the measure and direction of the influence of tax differences on the indicators of financial results of business entities and outlines approaches to the construction of an adequate accounting mechanism for income tax collection processes. An analysis of the impact on the financial result of a number of tax differences arising from typical business transactions: accrual of depreciation, disposal of an object of fixed assets, etc. It was proved that in the economic space of Ukraine there was no completion of the processes of final implementation of the simplification of the determination of the object of taxation by income tax of legal entities by synchronizing the indicators of "accounting" and "tax" profit. Measures implemented with the introduction of the Tax Code to harmonize the regulatory framework of accounting and tax accounting for taxation of profits of enterprises were analyzed. Details are given of the characteristics of income recognition for tax purposes by date and special rules for income recognition after the abolition of the category "gross income". It was established that the implementation of tax legislation regarding financial results is carried out by means of recognition and response to the presence of tax differences. Today, there are differences in the accrual of depreciation of non-negotiable assets with respect to financial performance; differences from the formation of reserves and collateral, differences in transactions for the sale or disposal of securities; Differences from financial transactions. The article discloses the essence of methodological approaches to calculating tax differences for such operations. The conclusion is justified that crisis phenomena in the country's economy and the impact of the pandemic on the global economic space actualize the need to reflect not only real, but also potential assets and liabilities, in particular deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. The introduction of new documentary forms of accounting for tax differences and separate income and expenditure accounts for tax purposes can also be considered as areas of improvement of income tax accounting.

scholarly journals Income Tax: Genesis of Definition and Object of Accounting

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
G. BASHYROVA
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Income tax in many countries is one of the main sources of filling the public budget and levers of influence on the development of economic processes at the macro level. The income tax ensures the balance of economic interests of the state, legal entities and individuals and the avoidance of excessive tax pressure. The impact of European integration processes on the Ukrainian accounting system increases the relevance of the development of the organization and methods of accounting for income tax. The purpose of the article is to establish the main phases of the evolution of the concept of “income tax”, clarify its economic content and identify the characteristics as an object of accounting. The article examines the historical phases of the income tax evolution, taking into account amendments in the tax law in Ukraine. A review of interpretations of the concept of “income tax” by foreign and domestic scholars was made, to establish the three main approaches to its interpretation: as a direct tax paid by a business entity from the received profit; as an item of the company financial statement, informing concerned parties on the amount of the assessed and paid tax; as a company’s payment to the state for utilization of economic infrastructure and resources. The author’s definition of the concept of “income tax” is proposed, which contributes to the clarification of the accounting terminology. It is argued that income tax should be considered through the prism of the tax law and accounting standards. A comparison of treatment to income tax as an accounting object in the National Accounting Standard 17 “Tax Income” and International Accounting Standards 12 “Income Taxes” is made. Based on a study of the legal framework for the accounting of income tax, its main components are identified as an object of accounting.

scholarly journals DEFERRED INCOME TAX: IMPACT ON FINANCIAL AND TAX REPORTING (THE PRACTIСE OF UKRAINE AND GERMANY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
O. Malyshkin ◽  
S. Rohoznyi ◽  
O. Yarmolitska ◽  
Yu. Ostapenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Deferred Tax Liabilities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Income taxation is typical for most countries with their own peculiarities. In the practice of the Ukrainian enterprises, there is a lack of relationship between accounting and tax accounting to reflect the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability in the reporting. The purpose of the article is to analyze the income tax in terms of its calculation by the international standards and identify key tax differences. The authors proposed to formulate the definitions of the current income tax which should be understood as the amount of income taxes payable (reimbursed) on taxable profit (tax loss) for the period and expenses (income) from income tax which should be understood as the total amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in accordance with current and deferred taxes. This interpretation of the definitions will help better understand the concepts in accounting and taxation. The tax base of assets and the tax base of liabilities are given and substantiated. The temporary differences were identified by authors. The example of definition of Deferred tax liabilities and Deferred tax assets, the order of their reflection in the report on financial results (about the total income) and disclosure in the Notes to the financial reporting is considered and analyzed. The impact on the indicators of the Income Tax Return is investigated. There is no direct impact of the amount of the Deferred tax assets / Deferred tax liabilities according to the current algorithm for the object of taxation, which is determined by tax legislation. The conclusions are made about the importance of determining of Deferred tax liabilities and Deferred tax assets, which directly affects the amount of net profit. The result of the study was confirmation of the hypothesis concerning different orientation of norms of the legal documents on the display of information in the forms of the financial and tax reporting. Such differences are related to the different requirement to the reporting by the modern stakeholders. Keywords: income tax, deferred tax, tax asset, tax liability, reporting. JEL Classification M40, М41, М48 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 16.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF A DIFFERENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON INFORMATIVE VALUE OF SELECTED FINANCIAL RATIOS

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Malíková ◽  
Zdeněk Brabec
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
Global World ◽  
The Impact

In recent global world the importance of financial markets is growing as well as the amount of capital distributed through these markets. To enable optimal efficiency of these markets the best investment opportunities has to be chosen. An alternative how to compare and select suitable companies to invest in is represented by a financial analysis of financial statements. The results of financial ratios are mainly influenced by the presumptions according to those the financial statements have been prepared. Therefore, in this article there is analysed if and eventually how significant the input data, influence the results of financial ratios. Firstly, the description of financial ratios that are used in following analysis is made. After that, there are analysed the requirements of Czech legislation and IAS/IFRS and their influence on financial statements. Then, the influence of five selected accounting transaction on balance sheets and income statements that are prepared once according to the Czech legislation and for the second time according to the IAS/IFRS is analysed. The final part tries to examine if and how strong the impact of different accounting system on the results of the selected financial ratios is.

scholarly journals International Accounting Standard 12 –“Income Tax” and Aspects for Discussion

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Izolda Izolda Chiladze
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
International Accounting Standard ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

International accounting standard 12-Income tax – regulates accounting methodic of profit tax and demands that the enterprises must account the deferred tax asset and the deferred tax liability. For this reason, the net profit indicator published in the financial statement of the enterprises is unrealistic which in one hand contradicts to requirements of basic qualitative characteristics a financial statement such as Relevance and Faithful Representation and in another hand, it allows of fraud in the financial statement.The aim of this study is to substantiation necessity of simplification of the IAS 12 – Income Tax. In the article is affirmed that accounting of the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability derives many problems for the enterprises and the investors. They also have not an analytical role in the financial analysis of the enterprises. That is why, the leadership of the enterprises avoids to using mentioned standard 12 – Income Tax - in Georgia. This study gives the recommendation that in the IAS 12 - Income tax – bring in the changes, which will be simplified by the method of profit tax accounting in the enterprises and it will eliminate the existing problems of accounting the profit tax.

scholarly journals Comparison of Deferred Tax Materiality Reporting in Accordance with Continental and Anglo‑Saxon Reporting System

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Habanec ◽  
Hana Bohušová
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
The Impact

The paper is concerned with the influence of a financial reporting system on a deferred tax reporting. The continental and Anglo‑Saxon reporting systems are compared. The materiality of the deferred tax item is used as a means for evaluation of the impact of deferred tax reporting. The category of deferred income tax is assessed on a sample of companies operating in the chemical industry (NACE 20.1) and reporting in accordance with the Czech accounting legislation (representative of continental reporting system) in the time series from 2005 to 2015. The results are compared with the results of author’s previous study concerning the reporting of deferred tax according to IFRS (representative of Anglo‑Saxon reporting system).

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TAX ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Perić ◽  
Emina Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Deferred Tax Liabilities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation

The crisis and special measures caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic have greatly disrupted the business and survival of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as larger industries. The state and its institutions were forced to take certain measures to facilitate the survival and continuation of business, and to save jobs for entrepreneurs and their employees. The Tax Administration is a state institution whose measures directly affect every business. So it was among the first to take some measures, i.e. to adjust its business and tax collection to the new situation. This paper discusses the first measures introduced, those from March and April 2020. It discusses the deferral or installment payment of due and deferred tax liabilities. The measure of deferral, installment payment of tax liability, is certainly the most important and most popular measure among taxpayers. It is explained how tax measures during a pandemic should look according to the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We explain other measures that have been introduced to facilitate business. These are the extension of the deadline for filing income tax, the exemption from VAT, the enforcement procedure and the payment of the annual tax rate. Despite the measures taken so far, it is important to emphasize that the Covid-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and that according to some experts, a real crisis with visible consequences of the pandemic is still to be expected. Accordingly, it is to be expected that the current measures are very likely to be further changed, upgraded and adjusted as the situation changes. We consider it important to note that the framework of this paper does not allow a detailed analysis and that we are forced to limit ourselves exclusively to some aspects of the issue at hand.

Business entities of the digital economy and evaluation problems of the efficiency of their activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Halyna PARTYN ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy ZAGORODNY ◽  
Liubomyr PYLYPENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Resource Support ◽  
The Impact

The peculiarities of the digital economy enterprises are analyzed, their main advantages and risks are established. Factors and problems of value formation of such enterprises are determined. The criteria for evaluating the efficiency of digital economy enterprises are substantiated, as well as the methods and indicators that should be used for this purpose. The peculiarities of the relations of these enterprises with stakeholders and the need to take them into account when evaluating the results of activities are revealed. A feature of the modern economy is the introduction of digital technologies in all business processes of economic entities, as well as the separation of the entire sector of the economy associated with the creation of products and services using these technologies – enterprises of the digital economy. Resource support for the operation of such enterprises covers mainly intangible factors of production, products have a virtual (digital) nature with a rapid rate of aging, and the activity itself –global dissemination. These and other factors necessitate the development of new or improvement of existing tools for assessing the financial position and performance of enterprises of the digital economy. The purpose of the article is to identify the consequences of digitalization of business processes for businesses, highlight the features of the digital economy, identify problems in assessing the effectiveness of their activities and financial condition, as well as substantiate proposals for their solution based on financial and non-financial indicators. Taking into account the listed features and factors of functioning of enterprises of digital economy the basic criteria of the estimation of a condition and results of their activity are formulated, directions of adaptation of methods of the strategic and marketing analysis are proved and indicators which should be used in the course of realization of these methods are offered. It is established that when identifying and determining the results of the digital economy the impact of the relationship with stakeholders should be taken into account.. Indicators of evaluation of innovative activity and innovative potential of these enterprises are offered, the peculiarities of conducting a financial analysis of their activities taking into account the factors of generating economic benefits are revealed.

scholarly journals The Ratio Analysis of Financial Balance and Bankruptcy Risk of the Silesian Companies in Time of the Global Financial Crisis

Equilibrium ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Błach ◽  
Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Bankruptcy Risk ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Financial Balance ◽  
The Impact

The financial crisis undoubtedly exerted much pressure on the companies operating inPoland. Thus, it is important to undertake researches that reveal the paths and strength of financial crisis transmission with regard to the business entities. This paper presents partial results of the research dedicated to the analysis of the impact of financial crisis on the financial situation of companies operating in the Silesian Voivodship. It analyzes and discusses the general changes of the two sets of financial ratios that inform about the general financial condition of the business: the financial balance and the level of bankruptcy risk. Scientific aim: The paper aims at analyzing the changes of the financial situation and bankruptcy risk of a population of Silesian companies with regard to the improvement or deterioration. In particular, it aims at reflecting the differences visible with the application of aggregated data characterizing the population of Silesian companies as compared to the population of all companies operating inPoland. Methodology: The study is based the application of a part of authors’ self-developed method – the CFS Watch, which consists of five analytical modules. In the study, two modules are applied: the GPA Module (General Performance Assessment) with regard to financial balance and the MDA Module (Multidiscriminant Analysis) with regard to the bankruptcy risk. Grounded on the theory of financial analysis and its application for corporate finance purposes, the modules are based on the selected financial ratios that are a subject for further comparison regarding their height and dynamics of changes. The analytical modules are applied for aggregated data provided by the Polish Central Statistical Office.

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