scholarly journals Competitiveness analysis of Czech agrarian foreign trade in the context of world agrarian market and agrarian trade of EU-27 countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
View Point ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the commodity structure of Czech (CR) agrarian trade in relation to the EU countries. An emphasis is put on comparative advantages of particular aggregations from the view-point of their application on the EU internal market. This analysis is based on an evaluation of comparative advantages by means of a modified Balassa index. It is studied in two stages, for the internal EU market and the world market. The analysis results are then shown in a graph. Subsequently, the authors implement an idea arising from a BCG matrix on the results of the graphic presentation. The aim is to identify those aggregations (SITC, rev. 3) which are or have a potential to be a pillar of agri-business (ie, the “cash cows” and “stars”), and vice versa to show the aggregation which are non-prospective in the long term or problematic (ie, the “dogs” and “problem children”). As start are identified as those aggregations which are characterised by the highest growth rate of comparative advantage value. From the analysis results, changes are apparent if we compare the CR trade commodity structure in relation to the EU countries. Findings also concern the development of comparative advantages and following CR specialisation on trade with certain aggregations.

scholarly journals ‘Products mapping’ and trade in agri-food products between Nigeria and the EU28

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Nahanga Verter ◽  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová ◽  
Libor Grega
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Food Value ◽  
Balance Index ◽  
Balassa Index

This paper investigates the dynamics of comparative advantage in agri-food products between Nigeria and the European Union (EU28). Using ‘products mapping’ approach based on trade balance index (TBI), Balassa index (BI), Lafay index (LFI) and other descriptive approaches, the findings show that Nigeria substantially recorded adverse TBI in trading both with the world and the EU28. The share of total Nigerian food exports and imports which the EU28 accounted for, declined from 72% and 40% to 37% and 27% between 1995 and 2017, respectively. The findings of both BI and LFI reveals that between 1995 and 2017, Nigeria’s comparative advantages in trading in the world market declined from 12/46 to 8/46 food products. Similarly, Nigeria’s trade with the EU28 comparative advantages reduced from 12/46 to 9/46 food products. Inversely, the food products that Nigeria has comparative disadvantages and negative TBI in trading with the EU28 rose from 31/46 to 35/46. For Nigeria, to boost its exports and competitiveness, especially in products that the country has natural advantages in producing, there is an urgent need for increasing investment and implementing policies on domestic agricultural and food value chains.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of exporting Serbian honey

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ignjatijević ◽  
Ivan Milojević ◽  
Rosa Andžić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Exchange Character ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
The Eu

Researching competitiveness of Serbia’s honey sector represents an introduction into a complex issue of dynamic changes with complex heterogenic and long term socio-economic implications. Tracking changes of comparative advantages in export during Serbia’s transition period and accession to the EU is significant for viewing the effects that trade liberalization and integration in international streams have on the sensitive honey sector. The research started from indicators of demand and level of foreign trade in the EU. Quantitative indicators of Serbia’s honey export on European market were shown in order to confirm Serbia’s potential and dominant presence. Research subject of this paper is the analysis of Serbia’s comparative advantage in exporting honey and specialization in international trade with the EU. The Balassa index, Revealed comparative advantages index and Revealed symmetric comparative advantage index were used with the goal to measure the level of Serbia’s comparative advantage, Grubel Lloyd Index and Trade Balance Index were used to measure the specialization level. Research results point to a positive comparative advantage value in exporting Serbia’s honey to EU and inter-industry exchange character.

scholarly journals Tendencje na rynku masła i serów na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2001-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Stanisław Stańko ◽  
Aneta Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
World Market ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cheese Prices ◽  
Market Surplus ◽  
Cheese Production ◽  
The Eu

Changes in production and trends in shortages / market surpluses of butter and cheese in the world and in Poland in 2001-2017 were presented. Market surplus of butter increased in New Zealand, EU and Belarus, and decreased in Australia and Ukraine. Shortages grew in China, Mexico, Iran and Turkey, and decreased in Russia and Canada. Relatively balanced production and consumption occurred in India, Pakistan, the USA and Brazil. On the cheese market, surplus grew in: EU, USA, New Zealand, Argentina and Belarus, and decreased in Australia and Ukraine. The shortages grew in: Russia, Brazil, Mexico. In Poland, there were surpluses in butter and cheese production, which resulted in growing exports, directed mainly to EU countries. Prices of butter and cheese in EU countries and on the world market were characterized by convergence. At the beginning of the analyzed period, butter prices in the EU were 134% higher than on the world market, and cheese prices were higher by 92.6%, and in 2017 these differences were respectively 6% and 0.6%.

scholarly journals ‘Products Mapping’ and Agri- Food Trade between Nigeria and ECOWAS Member Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379-1392
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Nahanga Verter ◽  
Barbora Daňková ◽  
Jan Kuchtík
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Analyse Comparative ◽  
Balassa Index

Intra-ECOWAS trade and food evxports have been debated and given attention in recent years. The paper uses an analytical tool, called ‘products mapping’ following some methods, such as trade balance index, Balassa index and Lafay index to analyse comparative advantages in all 46 food items (SITC 0 + 1 + 22 + 4) in trade between Nigeria and ECOWAS as well as the world. The findings suggest that Nigeria has performed better in trading with other ECOWAS countries than in trading with the overall world market. For Nigeria and the world, the findings reveal that the country’s comparative advantages reduced from 12 out of 46 (12/46) in 1995 to 8/46 food products in 2017. The notable products that reveal comparative advantages and positive TBI are cocoa (SITC 072), crustaceans (SITC 036), fruits and nuts (SITC 057); and oil seeds and oleaginous fruits (SITC 222). Contrary to Nigeria’s trade with the world, the results suggest that the country’s comparative advantages in trading with ECOWAS countries rose from 19/46 in 1995 to 26/46 food products in 2017. The notable products that show comparative advantages and positive TBI are tobacco, edible products, maize and wheat. Inversely, food products with comparative disadvantage and adverse TBI, slightly reduced from 18/46 in 1995 to 17/46 in 2017. The findings further suggest that the structure of Nigeria’s food trade with ECOWAS has started involving and improving, albeit at a slow pace. There is an urgent need to stimulate domestic food production and food processing industries for domestic consumption and exports. Regional and national agricultural policies should be dramatically implemented for self-sufficiency and more comparative advantages and the number of positive TBI to be ensured and sustained.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of agrarian trade of EU-15 countries in comparison with new EU member states

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 569-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SVATOŠ ◽  
L. SMUTKA ◽  
O. MIFFEK
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Group Matrix ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyses the commodity structure of agrarian trade of the EU countries. The comparative advantages of particular aggregations are accentuated from the view-point of their use on the EU internal market, and on the world market. The analysis is based on an evaluation of comparative advantages by means of a modified Ballas index. It is viewed on two levels, for the EU internal market and the world market. The results of the analysis are shown in a chart. Subsequently, the authors implement an idea arising from a BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix on the results of a graphical representation. The aim is to point out mainly those aggregations (SITC, rev. 3) which are, or have a potential to be, a pillar of agri-business, and vice versa to show the aggregations which are non-prospective in the long term, or problematic. The analysis is performed on two levels to utilise differences in the commodity structure of agrarian trade in both the cases of the old (EU-15) and the new EU member states (EU-12) (the member states which enlarged the EU in 2004 and 2007). From the results of the analysis, the significant changes are apparent if we compare commodity structures of trade of the countries of the EU-15 and EU-12.

scholarly journals Development in consumer food prices on the Czech market in the context of food prices on the EU and world markets

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2737-2755
Author(s):  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Michal Steininger ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Eva Rosochatecká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
World Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The World ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The Eu

This paper discusses the development of consumer prices in the Czech Republic within the context of food prices in the European Union and the global market. The article is identifying the development of the foodstuff consumer prices in the market in the Czech Republic in relation to World and European consumer prices. Subsequently, the development of food consumer prices in the Czech market is analyzed in relation to selected commodities and products marketed in the Czech retail chains. Lastly, the status of individual retail chains in the Czech market is defined and the consumer prices and price differences existing amongst the selected major chains operating on the Czech market are analyzed. In relation to the objectives of this article it is then possible to state the following: prices on the Czech market correlate very strongly, especially in relation to the EU countries markets, but are very weak in relation to the world market. The sensitivity of the Czech consumer prices is very high – it is very flexible towards changes within the framework of the prices levels on the market of the EU but, by contrast, it is completely inflexible in respect to the changes in the prices levels on the world market. The Czech Republic follows the general development price trends existing in the EU countries markets.The growth in food prices on the Czech market is very close to the average growth rate of the food prices index in the EU market. Regarding the prices development on the Czech Republic market, it can be noted that, in relation to particular segments of the commodity food prices, the most dynamic growth was recorded in the case of fruit and vegetables, oils and fats, dairy products, fish and seafood, poultry, beef and cereals and bakery products.It is also important to mention that in the Czech Republic there are no uniform price levels between individual regions. In respect to the nature of the Czech retail market, a comment should be made that on the one hand it is very concentrated – a relatively small number of players control the character of the market – nevertheless, but in comparison with the European average, it can be said that the market is highly competitive, since none of the market subjects clearly dominates. Individual retail chains in their pricing policies more or less follow the general price trends and tendencies, reflecting the development of the domestic market and in, particular, the EU market.

scholarly journals Development of beekeeping in Ukraine; successes achieved, the need for marketing cooperation in the industry, the strategy of the honey business

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Taras Dudar
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Beekeeping is one of the traditional and most ancient branches of Ukrainian agriculture, which is engaged in breeding bees and obtaining from them honey and other beekeeping products. From ancient times for Ukrainian peasants, honey was one of the main goods in the trade of that time and a separate source of profit. In modern conditions, beekeeping performs a very important intersectoral multifaceted function, as the obtained bee honey and beekeeping auxiliary products (royal jelly, wax, propolis, bee venom, pollen) are widely used in more than 40 industries, as well as in medicine, sculpture, painting. Today, Ukrainian beekeeping is a sphere of economic activity that not only provides employment but also forms a market for the industry, gives the opportunity to develop in this type of agribusiness, both domestic and foreign markets. Its foundation is not only the fact that Ukraine accounts for about 6% of world honey production, but also the fact that consumer demand for Ukrainian honey on the world market is growing dynamically, and as a result, our country is in the TOP-3 largest world exporters of bee honey. The aim of the study is a systematic analysis of the dynamics of production and sale of honey as the main product of beekeeping in Ukraine, identification of the main economic and environmental factors shaping the demand for bee honey, substantiation of strategic guidelines for further development of beekeeping for decent competition in domestic and global honey markets. Results. It is established that the main market for Ukrainian honey is the EU countries, among which the largest consumers are Germany and Poland. In second place after the EU, the US became the buyer of domestic beekeepers. It is indicated that in order to expand export quotas for the supply of honey to EU countries, its entry into new segments of the world market, an important factor is the streamlining of the honey business. It is emphasized that due to the instability and existing challenges of the foreign honey market, the strategy of domestic beekeeping should be focused not on increasing the number of bee colonies and gross honey production, but on a more stable domestic market and modern honey processing technologies. It is argued that in order to create better conditions for the sale of beekeeping products by small and medium-sized agricultural producers, which as a result of pooling resources in cooperatives, will be able to use the latest technologies, form their marketing channels and thus strengthen their position in the agricultural food market. Prospects. The study of the honey business system, improving the quality of bee honey are necessary areas of further research in beekeeping in Ukraine, because these important components deserve special attention in further adaptation of the beekeeping industry to international standards and trade conditions.

, (Analysis of Actual Judicial Decisions of the EU Countries, Latin America and Other Countries of the World in the Framework of International Tax Agreements)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kornienko ◽  
Elena Minina ◽  
G. Korolev ◽  
Nataliya Pushkareva ◽  
Ekaterina Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
International Tax ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Wpływ regulacji rynku na funkcjonowanie sektora cukrowniczego w Polsce

2014 ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Pietrzak ◽  
Marcin Mucha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Free Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
The Eu

In the period 1990–2013 sugar industry in Poland faced numerous legal transformations, shifting from nearly free-market conditions into a strongly regulated sector. Changes of the sugar industry regulations had a significant impact on the structure of the sugar market, companies’ actions and, as a result, on their performance. Accession to the European Union and the reform of the sugar regime conducted from 2006 to 2010 on the initiative of the European Commission involved deep restructuring and modernization of the factories, which caused growth of their productivity. However, prices of sugar in the EU and in Poland are much higher than prices on the world market.

scholarly journals International Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Post-Soviet Countries in Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Famil Majidli
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Balassa Index

In this study, the comparative and competitive advantage of Post-Soviet countries in the tourism sector is examined. Firstly, whether the tourism sector of the countries included in the sample developed between 1995 and 2018 was examined. Revealed Comparative Advantages Index which is developed by Balassa and Expanded Balassa Index were used to analyze the comparative and competitive advantage of countries, respectively, which are the main purpose of the study. The results of the study, which are calculated based on the data obtained from the database of the World Bank, provide information especially regarding the advantageous position of Georgia regarding Balassa Index. In addition to Georgia, Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Estonia and Uzbekistan have international comparative advantage and when the situation of the countries is evaluated over the EB index it is concluded to, Tajikistan and Georgia have strong, Kyrgyz Republic and Moldova have medium, Latvia, Estonia, Armenia, Lithuania and Belarus have weak competitive advantage. The research is important in terms of the policies that Post Soviet countries will form within the scope of tourism sectors.

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