scholarly journals Taxing of financial sector as possible own resource of EU budget

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1060
Author(s):  
Danuše Nerudová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Transaction Tax

The discussion about the possible taxation of the financial sector has started in the European Union as a result of the financial crisis which has spread to the Europe from the United States in 2008. European Commission concluded that EU should lead the efforts to introduce system of levies or taxies on financial institutions. EU member states individually committed to support the financial sector for a total about EUR 4.6 trillion (i.e. 39% of EU-27 GDP in 2009). Those public interventions have significant budgetary consequences (strongly felt in Greece, Spain or Italy) and imposes a heavy burden on the present and future generations. Therefore there is a strong consensus not only on the level of the European Union but also internationally, that financial sector should contribute to the public finance more fairly. As a reaction on costs of the financial crisis which was paid out from the public money, some of the countries immediately introduced temporary measures in order to collect back paid out money. The aim of the paper is to research the possibility of financial sector taxation, to discuss the proposal of the European Union on the introduction of financial transaction tax on EU level and through the multi-criteria analysis to research, whether this type of the tax is suitable as an own resource of EU budget.

scholarly journals The new European Union space policy in order to maintain Europe’s position among space leaders

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Piotr Kolczynski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Right

This paper analyzes the current EU space strategy and confronts it with existing global challenges in the space sector. The ultimate aim of this research is to recommend a well-adjusted space policy for the European Commission to ensure effective and sustainable exploration and use of outer space for the benefit of all EU member-states. In order to draft the most efficient space policy, the uniqueness of Europe’s space sector is studied. This paper argues that the EU space policy has to focus on guaranteeing European autonomy in access and use of outer space. The author extensively analyzes the challenges and opportunities related to dynamic development of private space sector’s activities. Emphasis is made on the significance of symbiotic cooperation between the public institutions and private companies regarding mutual benefits. The paper concludes that it is the right time for the European Union to build a bold and prospective space policy.

scholarly journals State of vaccine confidence in the European Union in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Larson ◽  
A de Figueiredo ◽  
E Karafllakis ◽  
M Rawal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Vaccine Confidence

Abstract Background High confidence in vaccination programmes is crucial for maintaining high coverage rates. Across the European Union (EU), however, vaccine delays and refusals are contributing to declining immunisation rates in a number of countries and are leading to increases in disease outbreaks. Methods We assessed the overall state of confidence in vaccines among the public in all 28 EU member states and among general practitioners (GP) in ten EU member states, conducting the largest ever study on attitudes to vaccines and vaccination in the EU, eliciting the views of approximately 28,000 respondents across the 28 EU member states. Results We found that a number of member states (including France, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia) have become more confident in the safety of vaccines since 2015, but that the Czech Republic, Finland, Poland, and Sweden have become less confident. While GPs generally hold higher levels of vaccine confidence than the public, the survey found that 36% of GPs surveyed in Czech Republic and 25% in Slovakia do not agree that the MMR vaccine is safe and 29% and 19% respectively do not believe it is important. Countries whose GPs hold higher confidence in vaccines tend to have a larger proportion of the public expressing positive vaccination beliefs. Conclusions Even countries with well-established vaccination programmes and high levels of confidence are not immune to rising vaccine hesitancy. There is a need for continuous monitoring, preparedness and response plans to maintain and increase confidence in the importance, effectiveness and safety of vaccines, among both the public and health professionals.

scholarly journals EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Issue Vol 20, No 3 (2021)) ◽  
pp. 423-439
Author(s):  
Eckhard FREYER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Eu

The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.

scholarly journals EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (Vol 19, No 3 (2020)) ◽  
pp. 423-439
Author(s):  
Eckhard FREYER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
European Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Eu

The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.

scholarly journals The Notion of the European Union Trademark

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Jarmila Lazíková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Trademark Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU trademark law has recorded the important changes in the last years. The Community trademark in the past and the EU trademark at the present have become very popular legal measures not only in the EU Member States but also in the third countries. Its preferences are increasing year to year. The EU trademark may consist of a sign that fulfils two main attributes. Firstly, there is a distinctive character. Secondly, there is a capability of being represented on the Register of the EU trademarks. The second attribute is new and replaced the previous attribute - capability of being represented graphically. The interpretation of the above mentioned attributes is not possible without the judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It is necessary to take into account the kind of trademark, list of the goods and services, which should be signed by the trademark, and its perception by the public. The paper includes the main judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union related to the interpretation of the sign that may be registered as the EU trademark. They are very helpful in the application practice of the European Union Intellectual Property Office and the national offices of the intellectual property as well.

scholarly journals The Growing Importance of the Financial Sector in the Founding Countries of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Tomasz Florczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union

The economies of the 21st century countries operate on the principle of connected vessels. A significant element of changes in economies is the growth of the financial sector. The process of financial sector growth is often referred as financialization. The significant impact of this sector on economic development was shown during the financial crisis of 2008. Financialization is more visible in highly developed countries. Undoubtedly the founding countries of the European Union belong to highly developed countries. It is possible that the financialization is higher in bigger countries like France, Germany, Italy or United Kingdom, which can also have bigger financial sectors. From the other side there is also country, which economy is based on banks. The aim of the article is to indicate the growth of the financial sector in the founding countries of the European Union. To determine the growth of the financial sector, the author used the indicators appearing in the literature of subject. There are indicators relating to functioning of the economy and banking sector. The second method helps to determine in which country financialization is higher. To made the research there was used zero unitarization method. The results of the study allows to determine in which of the subjects the financial sector is at a higher level of development. It is possible, that during researched period there were changes in financializiation of researched countries.

scholarly journals Trends and correlates of the public’s perception of healthcare systems in the European Union: a multilevel analysis of Eurobarometer survey data from 2009 to 2013

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e018178 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlJohara M AlSaud ◽  
Henock B Taddese ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
National Income ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to assess trends in public perceptions of health systems in 27 European Union (EU) member states following the financial crisis (2009–2013), in order to discuss observed changes in the context of the financial crisis.DesignRepeated cross-sectional studies.Setting27 EU countries.ParticipantsEU citizens aged 15 years and older.MethodsThe study mainly uses the Eurobarometer Social Climate Survey, conducted annually between 2009 and 2013, thereby analysing 116 706 observations. A multilevel logistic regression was carried out to analyse trends over time and the factors associated with citizens’ perceptions of their healthcare systems.ResultsEuropeans generally exhibit positive perceptions of their national healthcare systems, 64.0% (95% CI 63.6% to 64.4%). However, we observed a significant drop in positive perceptions in the years following the crisis, especially within countries most affected by the crisis. Concerning fiscal characteristics, wealthier countries and those dedicating higher proportion of their national income to health were more likely to maintain positive perceptions. At the individual level, perceptions of healthcare systems were significantly associated with respondents’ self-perceptions of their social status, financial capacity and overall satisfaction in life.ConclusionsOur finding confirms previous observations that citizens’ perceptions of their healthcare systems may reflect their overall prospects within the broader socioeconomic systems they live in; which have in turn been affected by the financial crisis and the policy measures instituted in response.

scholarly journals It Was Not Meant to Be This Way

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Tom Frost
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
European Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Eu

In June 2016, the United Kingdom’s electorate voted in a referendum to leave the European Union. This article examines ‘Brexit’ from the perspective of British, or English, exceptionalism. It argues that the Leave vote was caused by a number of factors: underlying myths and exceptionalism about the U.K. and its relationship with ‘Europe’; the fallout from the 2007–2008 financial crisis; the austerity policies undertaken in the U.K. since 2010; and the increased migration into the U.K. after the financial crisis, in particular from other EU Member States. The article concludes by arguing that Brexit should serve as an important lesson to listen to all people who feel abandoned by the EU, austerity and globalisation, to hear their stories and perspectives. Only then can we start to think about whether there are shared values and principles which could form the basis for a European politics of the future.

scholarly journals European-Wide Inequality in Times of the Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Timm Bönke ◽  
Carsten Schröder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inequality Decomposition ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Core ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
The Eu

In view of rising concerns over increasing inequality in the European Union since the financial crisis, this study provides an inequality decomposition of the overall European income distribution by country. The EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions are our empirical basis. Inequality has risen moderately within the core Euro area, particularly in the last two years of the observation period (2010/11). Widening disparities between EU Member States are the driving force behind this trend, while inequalities within countries do not exhibit systematic changes. An analysis of binational distributions reveals that it is the countries hit worst by the crisis—Greece and Spain —for which the between-country disparities have changed most markedly.

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