scholarly journals Genetic Evaluation of Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders and Displaced Abomasum in Czech Holstein Cows

Author(s):  
Eva Kašná ◽  
Petr Fleischer ◽  
Ludmila Zavadilová ◽  
Soňa Šlosárková

We estimated the genetic parameters of the most frequent reproductive and metabolic disorders as recorded on‑line by 55 milk producers in Czech Holstein cows in the Diary of Diseases and Treatments. The dataset covered the period from July 2015 to May 2019. The coefficients of heritability were estimated for retained placenta (h2 = 0.01), metritis (h2 = 0.04), endometritis (h2 = 0.03), cystic ovary disease (h2 = 0.03), parturient paresis (h2 = 0.01), ketosis (h2 = 0.01) and displaced abomasum (h2 = 0.03). Positive genetic correlations different from 0 were estimated between parturient paresis and displaced abomasum (rg1g2 = 0.75), retained placenta and metritis (rg1g2 = 0.61), displaced abomasum and endometritis (rg1g22 = 0.49), metritis and endometritis (rg1g2 = 0.45), and metritis and displaced abomasum (rg1g2 = 0.41). Because each farmer recorded a slightly different portfolio of health data, the genetic correlations with metabolic disorders couldn’t be estimated in most cases, since the number of observations was not sufficient.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzane Shokri-Sangari ◽  
Hadi Atashi ◽  
Mohammad Dadpasand ◽  
Fateme Saghanejad

Background: Lactation persistency influences cow health and reproduction and has an impact on the feed costs of dairy farms. Objective: To estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters of 100- and 305-d milk yield, and lactation persistency in Holstein cows in Iran. Methods: Records collected from January 2000 to December 2012 by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran (Karaj, Iran) were used. The following four measures of lactation persistency were used: P21: Ratio of milk yield in the second 100-d in milk (DIM) divided by that of the first 100-d. P31: Ratios of milk yield in the third100-d divided by that of the first 100-d. PW: The persistency measure derived from the incomplete gamma function. PJ: The difference between milk yield in day 60th and 280th of lactation. Results: The estimated heritability of lactation persistency for the three first parities (first, second, and third lactation) ranged from 0.01 to 0.06, 0.02 to 0.10, and 0.01 to 0.12, respectively. Genetic correlations among lactation persistency measures for the three first parities ranged from 0.77 to 0.98, 0.65 to 0.98, and 0.58 to 0.98, respectively; while corresponding values for genetic correlations among lactation persistency with 305-d milk production ranged from 0.18 to 0.63, 0.32 to 0.75, and 0.41 to 0.71, respectively. The estimated repeatability for lactation persistency measures ranged from 0.06 to 0.20. Conclusion: The moderate positive genetic correlation between lactation persistency and 305-d milk yield indicates that selection for increasing milk yield can slightly improve lactation persistency.Key words: dairy cattle, heritability, lactation curve, milk yield, persistency, repeatability. ResumenAntecedentes: La persistencia de la lactancia tiene una gran influencia en la salud, la reproducción y los costos de alimentación de las granjas lecheras. Objetivo: Estimar los componentes de (co)varianza y los parámetros genéticos de la producción de leche a 100 y 305 d, asi como la persistencia de la lactancia en vacas Holstein en Irán. Métodos: Se utilizaron registros recopilados entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2012 por el Centro de cría de animales de Irán (Karaj, Irán). Se utilizaron las siguientes cuatro medidas de persistencia de la lactancia: P21: Proporción de producción de leche en los segundos 100-d en leche (DIM) dividida por la de los primeros 100-d. P31: Proporcion de producción de leche en los terceros 100-d dividido por el de los primeros 100-d. PW: medida de persistencia derivada de la función gamma incompleta. PJ: diferencia entre el rendimiento de leche en el 60 y el 280 día de lactancia. Resultados: La heredabilidad estimada de la persistencia de la lactancia para los tres primeros partos (primera, segunda y tercera lactancia) varió de 0,01 a 0,06; 0,02 a 0,10; y 0,01 a 0,12, respectivamente. Las correlaciones genéticas entre las medidas de persistencia de lactancia para los tres primeros partos variaron de 0,77 a 0,98; 0,65 a 0,98; y 0,58 a 0,98, respectivamente; mientras que los valores correspondientes para las correlaciones genéticas entre la persistencia de la lactancia con la producción de leche a 305 d variaron de 0,18 a 0,63; 0,32 a 0,75; y 0,41 a 0,71, respectivamente. La repetibilidad estimada para las medidas de persistencia de la lactancia varió de 0,06 a 0,20. Conclusión: La correlación genética positiva moderada entre la persistencia de la lactancia y la producción de leche a 305-d indica que la selección para aumentar la producción de leche puede mejorar ligeramente la persistencia de la lactancia.Palabras clave: curva de lactancia, ganado lechero, heredabilidad, persistencia, producción de leche, repetibilidad. ResumoAntecedentes: A persistência da lactação tem grande influência nos custos de saúde, reprodução e alimentação em fazendas leiteiras. Objetivo: Estimar os componentes da variância (co)variância e os parâmetros genéticos da produção de leite de 100 e 305 d e a persistência da lactação em vacas Holandesas no Irã. Métodos: Os dados utilizados foram registros coletados de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2012 pelo Centro de Criação de Animais do Irã (Karaj, Irã). As seguintes quatro medidas de persistência de lactação foram utilizadas: P21: Razão da produção de leite no segundo 100-d em leite (DIM) dividido pelo primeiro 100-d. P31: Razões da produção de leite na terceira 100d dividida pela da primeira 100-d. PW: A medida de persistência derivada da função gama incompleta. PJ: A diferença entre a produção de leite no 60º e 280º dia de lactação. Resultados: A hereditariedade estimada da persistência da lactação para as três primeiras paridades (primeira, segunda e terceira lactação) variou de 0,01 a 0,06; 0,02 a 0,10; e 0,01 a 0,12, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre as medidas de persistência da lactação para as três primeiras paridades variaram de 0,77 a 0,98; 0,65 a 0,98; e 0,58 a 0,98, respectivamente; enquanto os valores correspondentes para correlações genéticas entre a persistência da lactação com produção de leite de 305d variaram de 0,18 a 0,63; 0,32 a 0,75; e 0,41 a 0,71, respectivamente. A repetibilidade estimada para medidas de persistência de lactação variou de 0,06 a 0,20. Conclusão: A correlação genética positiva moderada entre a persistência da lactação e a produção de leite de 305d indicou que a seleção para aumentar a produção de leite melhoraria ligeiramente a persistência da lactação.Palavras-chave: curva de lactação, gado de leite, hereditariedade, persistência, produção de leite, repetibilidade.


2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Napolis Costa ◽  
Claudio Manoel Rodrigues de Melo ◽  
Irineu Umberto Packer ◽  
Ary Ferreira de Freitas ◽  
Nilson Milagres Teixeira ◽  
...  

Data comprising 263,390 test-day (TD) records of 32,448 first parity cows calving in 467 herds between 1991 and 2001 from the Brazilian Holstein Association were used to estimate genetic and permanent environmental variance components in a random regression animal model using Legendre polynomials (LP) of order three to five by REML. Residual variance was assumed to be constant in all or in some classes of lactation periods for each LP. Estimates of genetic and permanent environmental variances did not show any trend due to the increase in the LP order. Residual variance decreased as the order of LP increased when it was assumed constant, and it was highest at the beginning of lactation and relatively constant in mid lactation when assumed to vary between classes. The range for the estimates of heritability (0.27 - 0.42) was similar for all models and was higher in mid lactation. There were only slight differences between the models in both genetic and permanent environmental correlations. Genetic correlations decreased for near unity between adjacent days to values as low as 0.24 between early and late lactation. A five parameter LP to model both genetic and permanent environmental effects and assuming a homogeneous residual variance would be a parsimonious option to fit TD yields of Holstein cows in Brazil.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380
Author(s):  
O. Ermetin ◽  
B. Dağ

ABSTRACT In this study, milk yield, reproductive yield, and type traits of 533 Holstein cows in the first lactation raised in 54 farms were examined. In the three-year study, phenotypic (rP) and genetic (rG) correlations between type traits and milk yield were estimated based on the variance elements and heritability of the type traits of Holstein cows in the first lactation. Linear identification and scoring systems have been applied to classify the cows according to type traits. Heritability and correlations were estimated with ASREML models. The type traits included stature, angularity, rump width, hocks, rear udder height, central ligament, teat length, body capacity, feet and legs, udder composite and final score for genetic correlations with 305-day milk yield were estimated as -0.49, -0.14, -0.93, 0.35, 0.40, 0.11, -0.65, 0.70, 0.31, 0.54, and 0.70, for phenotypic correlations were estimated as 0.28, 0.28, 0.30, 0.21, 0.35, 0.39, -0.06, 0.46, 0.48, 0.56, and 0.58 respectively. Among the phenotypic correlations between the type traits, especially the phenotypic correlations between the final score and various type traits were found to be high and significant. The fact that these traits are in high correlation with other traits and milk yield may enable these to be used as indirect selection criteria in the selection for milk yield.


2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L. Bunter ◽  
Andrew A. Swan ◽  
Ian W. Purvis ◽  
Daniel Brown

Reproductive traits generated from mothering up lambs to ewes (n = 59 603 records) were compared with data resulting from pregnancy scanning (n = 46 663 records), to examine the consistency between the two data sources for deriving specific reproductive traits and to estimate genetic parameters. The reproductive traits considered were fertility (FERT: 0/1) of ewes joined, total litter size (LSIZE: lambs born), the number of lambs surviving at weaning (LSIZEW: lambs weaned) and the percentage of lambs surviving (LSURV = LSIZEW/LSIZE) for ewes that lambed, along with the composite traits number of lambs born (NLB) and number weaned (NLW) for ewes joined. Corresponding trait values were derived from pregnancy scan data (FERT_S, LSIZE_S and NLB_S) for comparison, and were classified as inconsistent if the trait values did not match from scanning and lambing records. Data were obtained from four flocks, representing different time frames, locations, management and breeds or bloodlines. Each flock recorded scan data separately from lambing outcomes. Genetic parameters were estimated separately within each flock. Average levels of inconsistency between scan- and lambing-data values varied between 4.6% and 14.8% across flocks, tending to be highest (9.1–18.5%) for litter size of ewes scanned with multiple fetuses, and lowest (0.29–7.3%) for assignment of fertility. Inconsistencies did not have a significant impact on estimates of trait heritabilities, suggesting recording errors were independent of genetic merit. In three flocks, the genetic correlations (ra) between comparable traits derived from the different data sources were not different from unity (ra ≥ 0.99) even when phenotypic correlations (rp) were lower (rp ≥ 0.84). In the flock with the highest inconsistency rate between data sources, the range in ra varied between 0.60 (fertility) and 1.0 (litter size). Therefore, pregnancy scan data can be directly substituted for reproductive traits traditionally based on lambing data, but attention should be paid to ensuring accuracy of the data sources used. Scan data also provide no information on lamb-survival outcomes after birth, so does not constitute complete data on reproductive outcomes. Genetic evaluation systems might also benefit from fine tuning for scale-induced effects (due to litter size) on parameters to improve the accuracy of across flock prediction of breeding values for reproductive traits.


2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
E. Žáková ◽  
E. Groeneveld

The covariance structure was estimated by REML for a joint genetic evaluation of production and reproduction traits for Czech Landrace (58 258 records) and Czech Large White (167 161 records) pigs using four-trait animal models. The following traits were analysed: lean mean percentage at the end of the performance test in the field, estimated from ultrasonic measurements unadjusted for live weight (LM), average daily gain in field test (in g/day) calculated as weight at the end of the test divided by age at the end of the test (ADG), number of piglets born alive in parity 1 (NBA1) and number of piglets born alive in parity 2 and subsequent parities (NBA2+). The heritabilities were in the range from 0.30 to 0.37 for LM, from 0.13 to 0.18 for ADG, from 0.09 to 0.13 for NBA1 and from 0.10 to 0.14 for NBA2+, depending on the breed and on the model (herd-year-season random or fixed). Genetic correlations between production and reproduction traits were estimated to be non-zero. Correlations between traits caused by the herd-year-season effect were mostly positive. As a general conclusion, the joint genetic evaluation of production and reproduction traits is recommended. The herd-year-season effect should be preferably considered as random.  


1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Johnston ◽  
H Chandler ◽  
HU Graser

Heritabilities and genetic correlations for cow weight and body condition score were estimated from field data for 3 beef breeds in Australia. In all, 8177 cows of mixed ages were weighed and scored for body condition at calf weaning time in seedstock herds as part of a large research project. The average weaning age was 212, 221, and 218 days for Angus, Hereford, and Poll Hereford, respectively. Cow weights and condition scores were analysed separately for each breed and estimates of genetic parameters were obtained by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). Cow weight and condition score were moderately heritable: h2 = 0.43 and 0.21 for Angus, 0.39 and 0.14 for Hereford, and 0.48 and 0.17 for Poll Hereford. The genetic correlation between CW and CS was 0.49, 0.65, and 0.58 for Angus, Hereford, and Poll Hereford, respectively. There is potential for providing a genetic evaluation for cow weight using field data in Australian beef cattle. Its modelling for inclusion in a multiple trait genetic evaluation system such as BREEDPLAN is discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Serdar Duru ◽  
Elif Abdullahoğlu ◽  
Abdurrahman Özlüer ◽  
İsmail Filya

In the present study, colostrum quality in Holstein cows and their genetic parameters for passive transfer traits in calves were estimated. In order to get an estimation, colostrum Brix (ColBrix), colostrum immunoglobulin G (ColIgG) of Holstein cows, and serum total protein (STP) and serum immunoglobulin G (SIgG) levels of the calves of selected cows raised in a private livestock company in Turkey were assessed. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by MTDFREML using a mixed model. The heritability for ColBrix, ColIgG, STP and SIgG was estimated to be 0.19 ± 0.07, 0.19 ± 0.07, 0.36 ± 0.10 and 0.34 ± 0.10, respectively. According to the results of bivariate analysis, genetic correlations between the traits varied between –0.98 and +0.98. There was a sufficient genetic variance for SIgG in the calves in the population and thus a significant genetic improvement may be achieved by selection in order to increase the passive transfer. It will be worthwhile to continue the efforts for genetic improvement studies which have the potential to reduce calf deaths in the future.


2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor de Oliveira Biassus ◽  
Jaime Araújo Cobuci ◽  
Claudio Napolis Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for milk, fat and protein yields of Holstein cows using 56,508; 35,091 and 8,326 test-day milk records from 7,015, 4,476 and 1,114 cows, calves of 359, 246 and 90 bulls, respectively. The additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated using REML. Random regression models with Legendre polynomials from order 3 to 6 were used. Residual variances were considered homogeneous over the lactation period. The estimates of variance components showed similar trends, with an increase of the polynomial order for each trait. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.14 to 0.31; 0.03 to 0.21 and 0.09 to 0.33 for milk, fat and protein yield, respectively. Genetic correlations among milk, fat and protein yields ranged from 0.02 to 1.00; 0.34 to 1.00 and 0.42 to 1.00, respectively. Models with higher order Legendre polynomials are the best suited to adjust test-day data for the three production traits studied.


2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-539
Author(s):  
N. G. Hossein-Zadeh

Abstract. Calving records from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran collected from January 1986 to December 2007 and comprising 492424 calving events of Holsteins from 1413 dairy herds were analysed using linear animal models to estimate genetic parameters for lactation lengths in the first three lactations of Holstein cows. Genetic trends were obtained by regressing yearly mean estimates of breeding values on calving year. Heritability estimates for lactation lengths varied from 0.03 to 0.04 across the parities. Estimates of genetic correlations between lactation lengths in different parities ranged from 0.35 to 0.53. There was decreasing genetic trend for lactation length at parity 3 and there were increasing genetic trends for lactation lengths at parities 1 and 2 over the years (P<0.05). The low estimates of heritabilities obtained in this study imply that much of the improvement in lactation lengths could be attained by improvement of production environment rather than genetic selection.


Author(s):  
E. Negussie ◽  
K. Vuori ◽  
I. Strandén ◽  
E. A. Mäntysaari

In this study, genetic parameters of test-day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) and lactation average (LA)clinical mastitis (CM) were estimated using a random regression model (RRM) that combine two differentdata models. A multitrait RRM (mt-RRM) was then developed for the genetic evaluation of mastitis.Estimates of breeding values (EBVs) from the mt-RRM were compared to corresponding multitrait LAmodel (biv-LAM) and univariate LA models (univ-LAM). A total of 147500 and about 5.6 million recordsfrom 27500 and 1.4 million Finnish Ayrshire cows were used for estimation of genetic parameters andprediction of breeding values, respectively. Heritabilities of CM1 and CM2 traits: (CM1, -7 to 30 andCM2, 31 to 300 DIM) were 0.026 and 0.016, respectively, while for TD SCS they ranged from 0.06 to0.11. During first lactation, the genetic correlations between TD SCS and CM1 and between TD SCS andCM2 varied from 0.40 to 0.77 and from 0.34 to 0.71, respectively. In genetic evaluation of mastitis, modelcomparisons have showed that mt-RRM has high model predictive ability and high standard deviation ofbreeding values. Moreover, it has added advantages of making efficient use of available TD SCSinformation and offers proofs for bulls and cows. Therefore, mt-RRM can be used as best practical modelin the future evaluation of animals for mastitis resistance.


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