scholarly journals Intelligent Safety

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
One Step ◽  
Electronic Steering ◽  
Safety Systems

The US Department of Transportation announced that it would go beyond active and passive safety systems to mandate the first use of a truly intelligent safety system. The new standard requires automakers to equip all vehicles with electronic stability control, which automatically brakes individual wheels during skids, by September 1, 2011. According to a senior staff member, electronic stability control is probably the most significant automotive safety technology since the seat belt. Electronic stability control combines sophisticated sensors and high-octane computing to take intelligent brake control to an entirely new level. Ford Motor Co. takes Electronic steering control (ESC) one step further with roll stability control, which senses when a van or SUV begins to tilt during a turn or emergency manoeuvre. It automatically takes countermeasures to prevent the vehicle from rolling over. Code-making organizations are currently developing broadcast and message standards for such systems, but it will take many vehicles with communications capacity to make them effective.

scholarly journals Numerical Low-Back Booster Analysis in a 6-Year-Old Infant during a Dolly Rollover Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Cruz-Jaramillo ◽  
C. R. Torres-San Miguel ◽  
L. Martínez-Sáez ◽  
V. Ramírez-Vela ◽  
G. M. Urriologoitia-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Chest Injuries ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Safety Systems

This paper analyzes the possible head and chest injuries, produced in a Hybrid III dummy model of a six-year-old child during a rollover test, while the child uses a passive safety system low-back booster (LBB). Vehicle seats and passive safety systems were modeled with a CAD (Computer Aided Design) software; later, all elements were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) with LS-DYNA® software. The border conditions were established for each study, in accordance with the regulations of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), and following the FMVSS 213 standard for the mounting and fastening of the infant, the FMVSS 208 for the dolly methodology test with the vehicle rollover was performed, implementing such analysis under the same conditions for a vehicle Toyota Yaris 2010. The numerical simulations were performed during an interval of 1 second, obtaining data values for periods of 2 milliseconds. This paper examines the efficiency of the system; three case studies were carried out: Study I: vehicle seat belt (VSB); Study II: the LBB system was secured by the seat belt; Study III: the LBB system with ISOFIX anchorage. The values of decelerations for the head and thorax of the infant were obtained, as well as neck flexion and thoracic deflection. The main factor to reduce injuries during a rollover accident is the correct anchorage of the LBB, and this is achieved with the ISOFIX system, since it prevents the independent movement of the LBB, unlike when it is fastened with the seat belt of the vehicle. The results show low levels of head and chest injury when ISOFIX is used because of reduced thoracic deflection during infant retention.

Thermal-hydraulic Safety Assessment of Full-Scale ESBWR Nuclear Reactor Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash Saraswat ◽  
Dipanjan Ray ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Deepak Yadav ◽  
Vikesh Singh Bhadouria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Accident Conditions ◽  
Safety Systems

Abstract The Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) is a boiling water nuclear reactor of Generation III+. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved the ESBWR design as the world's best light-water nuclear reactor in 2014. It has the lowest core damage frequency (industry standard indicator of safety) of any Generation III or III+ reactor. It can cool automatically for more than seven days without using electricity or human intervention. During the operation, the ESBWR is designed to produce electricity while emitting almost no greenhouse gases. The energy generated by an ESBWR will prevent the emission of approximately 7.5 million metric tons of CO2 per year compared to standard electricity production on the US grid. The analysis present in this paper aimed to characterize the thermal-hydraulic simulations of full-scale ESBWR design. The analysis presented will help in recognizing the improvement needed in the reactor design and its passive safety systems. The analysis is performed for normal steady state and postulated design basis accident scenarios . The simulation results obtained by the code REALP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.4 are compared with the TRACG and MELCOR code results to determine the code predictability and accuracy under accident conditions of the newly proposed design of the ESBWR nuclear reactor. It has been also demonstrated that for the postulated accident conditions the design of passive safety systems are capable to capture the accident progression without any active power.

scholarly journals Designing a Vehicle Collison-Avoidance Safety System using Arduino

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1690-1696
Author(s):  
Manas Metar
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Active Safety System ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Collision Avoidance System ◽  
Safety Systems

Abstract: The future of automotive relies on the mechatronic and electronic systems. The worldwide growth of automotive towards electronic systems suggests that driverless cars would soon be the common commuters. With such improvements safety of the passengers becomes first priority for the manufacturers. Nowadays automobiles come with high end technologies and quick responsive electronic systems. In addition to the passive safety systems, active safety systems definitely avoid collision thereby reducing the chances of injury and death. This project shows the working of an active safety system that is collision avoidance system. To create the model, TINKERCAD software has been used and a detailed working is explained. As a result, the system detects traffic and can alert the driver and stop the vehicle before meeting the collision. Keywords: Active Safety System, Arduino, Tinkercad, Vehicle Electronics System, Automotive Safety System, Collision Avoidance System, Self-Driving Car, Driverless Vehicle.

Vehicles’ Passive Safety Systems Influence on Driver’s Thorax Injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Victoria Oţăt ◽  
Nicolae Dumitru ◽  
Victor Oţăt
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Kinematic Behaviour ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
The Impact

The present underpins a computer-assisted investigation regarding the driver’s behavior and the injuries suffered in frontal vehicle collision, more precisely the injuries suffered in the thorax area. Hence, by means of the LS-Dyna software package we have carried out two series of virtual simulations with a dummy positioned on the driver’s place, i.e. belted and unbelted. For the simulation we have selected a Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy. Aiming at achieving a simulation that would display a high accuracy degree with respect to the driver’s kinematic behaviour at the impact moment, our complete model also included, besides the dummy, the elements in the habitable: the seat, the seat belt, the steering wheel, the airbag and the dash board. Thus, the focus of the undertaken study was to establish the accelerations in the driver’s thorax area as well as the injury degree, expressed by the CSI (Chest Severity Index). The results obtained validated our hypothesis in that passive safety systems, i.e. the seat belt, diminish considerably the driver’s injuries degree in case of a road traffic accident.

iB1350: A Generation III.7 Reactor After the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Keiji Matsumoto ◽  
Kenji Hosomi ◽  
Keisuke Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Airplane Crash ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Safety Systems

iB1350 stands for an innovative, intelligent and inexpensive boiling water reactor 1350. It is the first Generation III.7 reactor after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It has incorporated lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident and Western European Nuclear Regulation Association safety objectives. It has innovative safety to cope with devastating natural disasters including a giant earthquake, a large tsunami and a monster hurricane. The iB1350 can survive passively such devastation and a very prolonged station blackout without any support from the outside of a site up to 7 days even preventing core melt. It, however, is based on the well-established proven Advance Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) design. The nuclear steam supply system is exactly the same as that of the current ABWR. As for safety design it has a double cylinder reinforced concrete containment vessel (Mark W containment) and an in-depth hybrid safety system (IDHS). The Mark W containment has double fission product confinement barriers and the in-containment filtered venting system (IFVS) that enable passively no emergency evacuation outside the immediate vicinity of the plant for a severe accident (SA). It has a large volume to hold hydrogen, a core catcher, a passive flooding system and an innovative passive containment cooling system (iPCCS) establishing passively practical elimination of containment failure even in a long term. The IDHS consists of 4 division active safety systems for a design basis accident, 2 division active safety systems for a SA and built-in passive safety systems (BiPSS) consisting of an isolation condenser (IC) and the iPCCS for a SA. The IC/PCCS pools have enough capacity for 7-day grace period. The IC/PCCS heat exchangers, core and spent fuel pool are enclosed inside the containment vessel (CV) building and protected against a large airplane crash. The iB1350 can survive a large airplane crash only by the CV building and the built-in passive safety systems therein. The dome of the CV building consists of a single wall made of steel and concrete composite. This single dome structure facilitates a short-term construction period and cost saving. The CV diameter is smaller than that of most PWR resulting in a smaller R/B. Each active safety division includes only one emergency core cooling system (ECCS) pump and one emergency diesel generator (EDG). Therefore, a single failure of the EDG never causes multiple failures of ECCS pumps in a safety division. The iB1350 is based on the proven ABWR technology and ready for construction. No new technology is incorporated but design concept and philosophy are initiative and innovative.

scholarly journals Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Using Two Single-Antenna GPS Receivers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Yoon ◽  
Huei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems

Knowing vehicle sideslip angle accurately is critical for active safety systems such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC). Vehicle sideslip angle can be measured through optical speed sensors, or dual-antenna GPS. These measurement systems are costly (∼$5k to $100k), which prohibits wide adoption of such systems. This paper demonstrates that the vehicle sideslip angle can be estimated in real-time by using two low-cost single-antenna GPS receivers. Fast sampled signals from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) compensate for the slow update rate of the GPS receivers through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Bias errors of the IMU measurements are estimated through an EKF to improve the sideslip estimation accuracy. A key challenge of the proposed method lies in the synchronization of the two GPS receivers, which is achieved through an extrapolated update method. Analysis reveals that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method relies mainly on vehicle yaw rate and longitudinal velocity. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.

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