Design of Optimized Opposed Slider Air Bearings for High-Speed Recording on a Metal Foil Disk

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Floppy Disk ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Air Bearings

A metal foil disk offers some of the best characteristics of both the hard disk and floppy disk for digital data storage. The current work defines an opposed slider air-bearing arrangement that provides advantages when used with a high-speed metal foil disk in either a fixed or removable format. Use is made of the fact that the opposing sliders interact through their influence on the flexible disk that is sandwiched between them. Asymmetry of opposing air bearings is created by etching the air-bearing pad opposite the recording element pad to a depth sufficient that the flying height and air film stiffness of the opposing pad reach desired levels. The result is an air-bearing interface with low flying height and high stiffness over the recording element directly opposed by a high flying height and low stiffness on the other side of the disk. This air-bearing interface was found to provide an enhanced dynamic flexibility to the metal foil disk when it is subjected to mechanical shock. As a result, the opposed slider arrangement with metal foil disk is able to avoid contact and impact when subjected to substantial levels of mechanical shock. Thus, wear and damage to slider and disk surfaces are reduced as well as the possibility of lost recorded data. This should make the metal foil disk a strong candidate as a rotating storage medium for mobile and portable applications where a shock environment is common. Computer simulation of the new air-bearing configuration will be presented and discussed. The current work is related to but distinct from that reported recently by White (2005, ASME J. Tribol., 127, pp. 522–529) for a Mylar disk.

Air Bearing Slider-Disk Interface for Single-Sided High Speed Recording on a Metal Foil Disk

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Recording Head ◽  
Disk Interface ◽  
Air Bearing Slider

There are disk-drive data storage applications best served by single-sided recording configurations. These include situations where (i) storage requirements can be achieved on a single side of a disk and (ii) dimensional constraints on the disk drive prohibit the presence of a recording head and its associated mounting device on each side of the disk. Even if dimensional requirements are not a concern, the most cost-effective and operationally efficient slider-disk air-bearing interface for single-sided recording is one that does not include an air-bearing slider, pressure pad, or other air-bearing structure on the nondata side of the disk. A metal foil disk offers some of the best characteristics of both the hard disk and floppy disk for digital data storage. It offers hard disk recording densities, increased shock resistance, reduced manufacturing cost, and requires less operational energy than a hard disk. However, use of a conventional recording head slider assembly without opposing air-bearing support for single-sided recording on a high-speed metal foil disk presents a fundamental problem because the air-bearing surface of the slider produces a net transverse force to the disk. This force causes the disk to deflect and can result in flying height and stability problems at the slider-disk interface. The current work describes an air-bearing interface for low flying height single-sided recording on a high-speed metal foil disk that minimizes disk deflection and instability without the presence of air-bearing components on opposing sides of the disk. The new interface utilizes a vacuum cavity-type air-bearing with little or no preload. Examples will be presented and discussed for the new interface that illustrate the flying characteristics of a picosized slider on a 1.8in. stainless steel disk with thickness of 25.4μm.

Slider Air Bearing Design Enhancements for High Speed Flexible Disk Recording

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Flying Height ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Slider Air Bearing ◽  
Flexible Disk ◽  
Air Film

The current effort was motivated largely by the fact that computing and communication platforms are becoming more portable and mobile with increased demands for both speed and disk storage. This work makes use of an asymmetric opposed slider arrangement to provide both static and dynamic improvements to the recording head air bearing interface for high speed flexible disk applications. The combination of a longitudinally slotted rail opposed by an uninterrupted rail that functions as a noncontact hydrodynamic pressure pad causes the disk to deflect at the submicron level over critical areas of the slider interface. This allows the required static minimum flying height to be focused over the recording transducer while higher clearances are positioned elsewhere, resulting in minimized exposure to contact between slider and disk. The high stiffness and low flying height of the air film at the recording element together with the low stiffness and high flying height of the opposing air film provides a noncontact air bearing interface that is especially immune to mechanical shock. A computer code called FLEXTRAN was developed that provides both static and dynamic numerical solutions of the air bearing interface composed of two opposed gimbal mounted sliders loaded against a high speed flexible disk. Simulations of the asymmetric opposed slider configuration are presented and compared with those of other slider air bearing designs.

Air Bearing Interface Characteristics of Opposed Asymmetric Recording Head Sliders Flying on a 1 in. Titanium Foil Disk

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Titanium Foil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Recording Head ◽  
Disk Interface

The current effort was motivated by the increasing appearance of data storage devices in small portable and mobile product formats and the need for these devices to deliver high storage capacity, low power requirements, and increased ruggedness. In order to address these requirements, this work considered the storage device to utilize a 1 in. titanium foil disk and a pair of opposed femtosized zero-load recording head sliders with asymmetrically configured air bearing surfaces. A titanium foil disk, due to its reduced thickness and relatively low mass density, requires less operational energy than a hard disk while providing storage densities and data transfer rates typical of a hard disk. The zero-load sliders were chosen in order to make negligible the air bearing interface normal force acting on the disk surface that can lead to high speed disk instability. The asymmetry of the slider air bearing surfaces, together with the disk dynamic flexibility, greatly improves the ability of the slider-disk interface to absorb substantial mechanical shock and other dynamic effects without the associated contact and impact typically observed with a hard disk. The current project evaluated the characteristics of this slider-disk air bearing interface for both static and unsteady operating conditions. Time dependent studies included a numerical simulation of the dynamic load process and the response to mechanical shock. A comparison with the performance of a hard disk interface was also included.

The Gas Bearing Interface of Opposed Recording Heads in a Disk Drive Utilizing Helium and Thin Titanium Foil Disks

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James White
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Titanium Foil ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Disk Interface ◽  
Recording Heads ◽  
Gas Bearing

Increased storage capacity and decreased power consumption are two key motivations in the development of hard disk drive (HDD) storage products. Two ideas that address these areas have recently received attention in the literature. These are (1) the use of helium instead of air as the working gas in the drive and (2) the incorporation of a thin metal foil as the disk substrate, replacing the much thicker aluminum or glass substrate of the hard disk (HD). The work that has been previously reported considered either the use of helium or thin foil substrates, but not both. This paper does consider both. It reports dynamic gas bearing simulation results for the helium filled interface between opposed recording heads and a disk whose substrate is a thin titanium foil. Motivation for the selection of titanium as the foil material is described in the paper. The thickness of the foil is chosen so as to achieve an optimal combination of centrifugal force and bending force that will provide required disk flatness and stability during high-speed rotation. Large-scale dynamic simulation is used to track the response of the recording head slider-foil disk interface due to mechanical shock in the vertical, pitch, and roll directions. Results are described and compared with those of the configuration that includes helium and a HD. Attention is focused on response to off-design conditions that can create head crash with the HD.

New Trends in Digital Data Storage for the Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
A. Saxena ◽  
◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. Dangi ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Data Storage ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Deoxyribonucleic Acid as a Tool for Digital Information Storage: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashish C Patel ◽  
C G Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital File

Current data storage technologies cannot keep pace longer with exponentially growing amounts of data through the extensive use of social networking photos and media, etc. The "digital world” with 4.4 zettabytes in 2013 has predicted it to reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. From the past 30 years, scientists and researchers have been trying to develop a robust way of storing data on a medium which is dense and ever-lasting and found DNA as the most promising storage medium. Unlike existing storage devices, DNA requires no maintenance, except the need to store at a cool and dark place. DNA has a small size with high density; just 1 gram of dry DNA can store about 455 exabytes of data. DNA stores the informations using four bases, viz., A, T, G, and C, while CDs, hard disks and other devices stores the information using 0’s and 1’s on the spiral tracks. In the DNA based storage, after binarization of digital file into the binary codes, encoding and decoding are important steps in DNA based storage system. Once the digital file is encoded, the next step is to synthesize arbitrary single-strand DNA sequences and that can be stored in the deep freeze until use.When there is a need for information to be recovered, it can be done using DNA sequencing. New generation sequencing (NGS) capable of producing sequences with very high throughput at a much lower cost about less than 0.1 USD for one MB of data than the first sequencing technologies. Post-sequencing processing includes alignment of all reads using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms to obtain different consensus sequences. The consensus sequence is decoded as the reversal of the encoding process. Most prior DNA data storage efforts sequenced and decoded the entire amount of stored digital information with no random access, but nowadays it has become possible to extract selective files (e.g., retrieving only required image from a collection) from a DNA pool using PCR-based random access. Various scientists successfully stored up to 110 zettabytes data in one gram of DNA. In the future, with an efficient encoding, error corrections, cheaper DNA synthesis,and sequencing, DNA based storage will become a practical solution for storage of exponentially growing digital data.

High-speed digital data transmission over the Telstar satellite

1963 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
F.E. Froehlich ◽  
D. Hirsch ◽  
H.R. Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Digital Data

Design of Low-Speed Spindle Running on Air Bearings Used on Rotary Viscometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 751-754
Author(s):  
Ying Xue Yao ◽  
Hong Bo Wang ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Air Bearings ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Velocity Attenuation ◽  
Rotary Viscometer

A low-speed spindle running on air bearings is presented, it is used on rotary viscometer based on velocity attenuation of rotating cylinder. Principle of spindle is introduced, it is composed of a low speed motor and an air bearing. The low speed motor is a coupling of two motors. Design of the spindle shows the structure of it. Materials of the spindle are selected. The spindle is machined and operation process of it shows it is suitable for driving part of rotary viscometer based on velocity attenuation of rotating cylinder.

Blockchain Encryption on Student Academic Transcripts using a Smart Contract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primasatria Edastama ◽  
Ninda Lutfiani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Suryari Purnama ◽  
Isabella Yaumil Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Data Storage System

As an innovation in the world of computers, blockchain has many benefits and is also widely applied in the world of education. Blockchain itself has many advantages, especially in the world of education. Blockchain is a digital data storage system that consists of many servers (multiserver). In this Blockchain technology, data created by one server can be replicated and verified by another server. By using this technology with a decentralized system and strong cryptography and can help colleges or universities to build infrastructure in the archive storage of transcripts, diplomas, and diplomas. Usage One of the blockchain technology applications in education is iBC, namely the e-learning Blockchain Certificate, book copyright, and also e-Portfolios. iBC or e-learning Blockchain Certificate is a tool designed to create, verify and also issue blockchain certificates. As has been supported by the IBC to create certificates that are globally verified and stored in a decentralized manner. Here will be presented use cases that are relevant in the use of Blockchain technology in educational environments, especially data processing in universities and we also try to design an IBC based on blockchain technology that can be used to support transparency and accountability of colleges or universities in issuing diplomas and grades. 

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