Study of Solar-Assisted Thermoelectric Technology for Automobile Air Conditioning

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Mei ◽  
F. C. Chen ◽  
B. Mathiprakasam ◽  
P. Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Roof Area ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Te Modules

An analytical study was conducted to determine the feasibility of employing solar energy assisted thermoelectric (TE) cooling technology in automobile air conditioners. The study addressed two key issues—power requirements and availability of thermoelectric materials. In this paper, a mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of TE air conditioners and to analyze power consumption. Results show that the power required to deliver a cooling capacity of 4 kW (13,680 Btu/h) in a 38°C (100°F) environment will be 9.5 kW electric. Current TE modules suitable for air conditioning are made of bismuth telluride. The element tellurium is expected to be in short supply if TE cooling is widely implemented for auto air conditioning; some options available in this regard were studied and presented in this paper. The photovoltaic (PV) cells, assumed to cover the roof area of a compact car, can only generate about 225 W. However, this is more than enough to power a fan to provide air ventilation to the car interior, which significantly reduces the peak cooling load when the car is parked in bright sunlight.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Power Efficiency and Cooling Capacity Between Central AC and Split AC on Economy Trains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Mariana Diah Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Central Air Conditioning

PT KAI (Persero) has never stopped transforming itself. His transformation was highly considered when PT KAI (Persero) was under the authority of Jonan Ignasius. Edi Sukmoro then continued the transformation. Some improvements in service quality at each train station require appreciation from various aspects. At present, security is improved, tickets are easier to obtain, and travel is more convenient because trains are provided by AC. However, given the costs involved, installation of air conditioners in all business and economy class cars does not apply central air conditioning but divides air conditioning as applied in the home or office. This research is to find out the most efficient air conditioning in consuming energy in trains, therefore, it is conducted. This study also investigates the most effective air conditioning in cooling. The results showed that the energy efficiency of split air coolers was lower than central air coolers. Regarding cooling capacity, central AC is produced by PT INKA which has a higher cooling capacity than split AC.

Comparing Cooling Energy between Existing Air-Conditioning System and Proposed Design System

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 834-839
Author(s):  
M.M. Syafiq Syazwan ◽  
M.Z.M. Yusof ◽  
C.K. Chang ◽  
M.D. Amir Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Design System ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Handling Unit ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Psychrometric Chart

Air-conditioning (AC) system is typically used to remove the sensible and latent heat loads in buildings. It provides cool and dehumidified air to meet the occupants comfort and good indoor air quality (IAQ). Improper design and analysis of AC process resulted in high cooling energy and unsatisfied indoor humidity level in tropical climate. The objective of this study is to identify the cooling energy in hotel restaurant by comparing the design with proper fresh air ventilation design. The hotel restaurant was designed with primary air unit (PAU) and air handling unit (AHU) as to remove sensible and latent loads. The performance of the AC system has been monitored and analysed using psychrometric chart. For the AC air side system, 296.2 kW of cooling energy was used in standard operation. An alternative design was proposed for the said hotel restaurant employing only one AHU, with a cooling capacity of 165.9 kW which was 43 % lower than the existing system. The difference in temperature, humidity ratio and air flow rate influenced the cooling energy for AC system.

Enhancing Air Conditioning Performance Using TiO2 Nanoparticles in Compressor Lubricant

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeru ◽  
Triaji P. Pramudantoro ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Henry Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration

Most air conditioners utilize vapor compression refrigeration cycle in their operation. In this cycle, the compressor is deployed to circulate the refrigerant from low to high pressures. Lubrication is an important aspect in the compressor to lubricate internal parts. Due to their remarkable properties in the thermo-physical and heat transfer capabilities, nanoparticles have prospect to be applied in the refrigeration and air conditioning system. The reliability and solubility nanoparticle of TiO2 in refrigeration systems have been investigated by several by several researchers. By introducing TiO2 nanoparticle in the lubricant, the friction coefficient and input power of the compressor can be decreased. An air conditioner with cooling capacity of 2.5 kW is utilized in the experiment. Five different concentrations of nanoparticle in the lubricant, viz.: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 gram of TiO2 in one liter of lubricant were mixed using a magnetic stirrer. After 10 days, TiO2 nanoparticles in the lubricant were observed its solubility. Furthermore, based on their solubility, TiO2 nanoparticle with concentration of 0.2 g/L was selected in the experiments. The results show that the air conditioner using R290 with TiO2 nanoparticle in the lubricants works normally and the input power of the air conditioner decreases about 3.1% and the cooling capacity and the COP increase about 5.1% and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the system without nanoparticle in the lubricant.

scholarly journals Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Noor ◽  
Hadeed Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Zahid Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Work Input ◽  
System Configurations

This study provides comprehensive details of evaporative cooling options for building air-conditioning (AC) in Multan (Pakistan). Standalone evaporative cooling and standalone vapor compression AC (VCAC) systems are commonly used in Pakistan. Therefore, seven AC system configurations comprising of direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), VCAC, and their possible combinations, are explored for the climatic conditions of Multan. The study aims to explore the optimum AC system configuration for the building AC from the viewpoints of cooling capacity, system performance, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. A simulation model was designed in DesignBuilder and simulated using EnergyPlus in order to optimize the applicability of the proposed systems. The standalone VCAC and hybrid IEC-VCAC & IEC-DEC-VCAC system configurations could achieve the desired human thermal comfort. The standalone DEC resulted in a maximum COP of 4.5, whereas, it was 2.1 in case of the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system. The hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC system achieved maximum temperature gradient (21 °C) and relatively less CO2 emissions as compared to standalone VCAC. In addition, it provided maximum cooling capacity (184 kW for work input of 100 kW), which is 85% higher than the standalone DEC system. Furthermore, it achieved neutral to slightly cool human thermal comfort i.e., 0 to −1 predicted mean vote and 30% of predicted percentage dissatisfied. Thus, the study concludes the hybrid IEC-DEC-VCAC as an optimum configuration for building AC in Multan.

scholarly journals Optimal Air Conditioner Placement Using a Simple Thermal Environment Analysis Method for Continuous Large Spaces with Predominant Advection

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Akihito Ozaki ◽  
Myonghyang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Energy Simulations

The number of houses with large, continuous spaces has increased recently. With improvements in insulation performance, it has become possible to efficiently air condition such spaces using a single air conditioner. However, the air conditioning efficiency depends on the placement of the air conditioner. The only way to determine the optimal placement of such air conditioners is to conduct an experiment or use computational fluid dynamic analysis. However, because the analysis is performed over a limited period, it is difficult to consider non-stationarity effects without using an energy simulation. Therefore, in this study, energy simulations and computational fluid dynamics analyses were coupled to develop a thermal environment analysis method that considers non-stationarity effects, and various air conditioner arrangements were investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The accuracy verification results generally followed the experimental results. A case study was conducted using the calculated boundary conditions, and the results showed that the placement of two air conditioners in the target experimental house could provide sufficient air conditioning during both winter and summer. Our results suggest that this method can be used to conduct preliminary studies if the necessary data are available during design or if an experimental house is used.

Solar Heat Underground Storage Based Air Conditioning Vis-à-Vis Conventional HVAC Experimental Validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R. de Nardin ◽  
Felipe T. Fernandes ◽  
Adriano J. Longo ◽  
Luciano P. Lima ◽  
Felix A. Farret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
The One

This paper presents a comparison of air conditioners using the conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning heat pumps and the one using solar heat stored underground, also known as shallow geothermal air conditioning. The proposed air conditioner with solar heat stored underground reunites practical data from an implementation of the heuristic perturb-and-observe (P&O) control and a heat management technique. The aim is to find out the best possible heat exchange between the room ambient and the underground soil heat to reduce its overall consumption without any heat pump. Comparative tests were conducted in two similar rooms, each one equipped with one of the two types of air conditioning. The room temperature with the conventional air conditioning was maintained as close as possible to the temperature of the test room with shallow geothermal conditioning to allow an acceptable data validation. The experiments made both in the winter of 2014 and in the summer of 2015 in Santa Maria, South Brazil, demonstrated that the conventional air conditioner consumed 19.08 kWh and the shallow geothermal conditioner (SGC) consumed only 4.65 kWh, therefore, representing a reduction of energy consumption of approximately 75%.

Rechargeable Personal Air Conditioning Device

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Du ◽  
Jan Muehlbauer ◽  
Jiazhen Ling ◽  
Vikrant Aute ◽  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
System A ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Vapor Compression Cycle ◽  
Compression Cycle

A rechargeable personal air-conditioning (RPAC) device was developed to provide an improved thermal comfort level for individuals in inadequately cooled environments. This device is a battery powered air-conditioning system with the phase change material (PCM) for heat storage. The condenser heat is stored in the PCM during the cooling operation and is discharged while the battery is charged by using the vapor compression cycle as a thermosiphon loop. The conditioned air is discharged towards a single person through adjustable nozzle. The main focus of the current research was on the development of the cooling system. A 100 W cooling capacity prototype was designed, built, and tested. The cooling capacity of the vapor compression cycle measured was 165.6 W. The PCM was recharged in nearly 8 hours under thermosiphon mode. When this device is used in the controlled built environment, the thermostat setting can be increased so that building air conditioning energy can be saved by about 5–10%.

DESIGN OF THE CABIN CONDITIONING SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.I. Babenkov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Ozersky ◽  
V.V. Romanov ◽  
G.A Galka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Hard Currency

The article is devoted to the issue of designing an air conditioning system (SСA) of the cabin of an agricultural machine to create comfortable conditions and ensure good health of the driver. The methodology for determining heat inflows and moisture inflows into the cabin is shown. The required cooling capacity of hard currency is calculated using the i-d diagram.

Experimental Investigation of a Desiccant Wheel Cycle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Alili ◽  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Desiccant Material

In hot and humid regions, removal of moisture from the air represents a considerable portion of the air conditioning load. Conventionally, air conditioning systems have to lower the air temperature below its dew point to accomplish dehumidification. Desiccant air conditioners offer a solution to meet the humidity and temperature requirements of buildings via decoupling latent and sensible loads. In this work, the performance of a new desiccant material is investigated experimentally. This desiccant material can be regenerated using a low temperature heat source, as low as 45°C. It also has a unique S-shape isotherm. The effects of the process air stream’s temperature and humidity, the regeneration temperature, the ventilation mass flow rate, and the desiccant wheel’s rotational speed on the cycle performance are investigated. ARI-humid conditions are used as a baseline and the moisture mass balance is maintained within 5%. The results are presented in terms of the moisture removal rate and latent coefficient of performance (COPlat). The results show a desiccant wheel’s COPlat higher than unity when it is coupled with an enthalpy wheel.

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