Investigating the Use of Methane as Diesel Fuel in Off-Road Haul Road Truck Operations

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal Gurgenci ◽  
Saiied M. Aminossadati
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines ◽  
Haul Road ◽  
Haul Truck

A scope study is conducted to investigate the technical and commercial feasibility of converting existing mine haul truck engines to a fuel regime of methane and diesel. A dual fuel engine with two technology options of homogeneous gas charge and high pressure direct injection are considered. The results of this study show that cost reduction is only possible when methane is available at a cost saving that compensates for the expense of building a new fuel infrastructure, and a clean combustion is expected. In contrast to diesel-only engines, particulate emissions in dual fuel engines are less. However, unburned methane in the exhaust gases or significant methane leakage must be seriously taken into consideration for replacing diesel with methane. This scope study argues that the dual fuel operation with HGC/CNG technology is expected to be feasible even at a relatively small truck fleet size.

Optimization of High Pressure Direct Injection Micro-Pilot As a Retrofit Technology for Conventional Dual Fuel Engines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Beshouri ◽  
Gerry Fischer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines

Abstract In the late 1980’s Enterprise Engine Company performed a single cylinder test of micro-pilot high pressure direct injection as a retrofit technology for conventional dual fuel engines. While that testing demonstrated a number of benefits for this technology, non-technical considerations led to the use of low pressure Pre-Combustion Chamber (PCC) micro-pilot technology as the retrofit technology instead. Thirty years later, when the automotive components of the PCC micro-pilot system were no longer available, the opportunity again arose to test the capabilities of an off the shelf high pressure direct injection micro-pilot system as a retrofit technology for a conventional dual fuel engine. Single cylinder and full engine testing of the high pressure direct injection micro-pilot injection confirmed the results of the 1980’s testing. The test results also corroborated modern analytical and experimental testing of high pressure pilot technology. In particular, the interaction between the diesel pilot and primary fuel gas charge is very complex and sometimes counterintuitive. Likewise performance optimization requires careful balance of injection timing, injection quantity and fuel gas air/fuel ratio. Even then, exhaust gas methane emissions remain counterintuitive. This paper reviews modern single cylinder and full engine test results focusing on optimization parameters for high pressure direct injection micro-pilot for retrofit and new engine applications.

scholarly journals High-pressure direct injection of methanol and pilot diesel: A non-premixed dual-fuel engine concept

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 117932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Dong ◽  
Ossi Kaario ◽  
Ghulam Hassan ◽  
Olli Ranta ◽  
Martti Larmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Engine Concept

scholarly journals A Study on the High Load Operation of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouvik Dev ◽  
Hongsheng Guo ◽  
Brian Liko
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Load ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines

Diesel fueled compression ignition engines are widely used in power generation and freight transport owing to their high fuel conversion efficiency and ability to operate reliably for long periods of time at high loads. However, such engines generate significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emissions. One solution to reduce the CO2 and particulate matter emissions of diesel engines while maintaining their efficiency and reliability is natural gas (NG)-diesel dual-fuel combustion. In addition to methane emissions, the temperatures of the diesel injector tip and exhaust gas can also be concerns for dual-fuel engines at medium and high load operating conditions. In this study, a single cylinder NG-diesel dual-fuel research engine is operated at two high load conditions (75% and 100% load). NG fraction and diesel direct injection (DI) timing are two of the simplest control parameters for optimization of diesel engines converted to dual-fuel engines. In addition to studying the combined impact of these parameters on combustion and emissions performance, another unique aspect of this research is the measurement of the diesel injector tip temperature which can predict potential coking issues in dual-fuel engines. Results show that increasing NG fraction and advancing diesel direct injection timing can increase the injector tip temperature. With increasing NG fraction, while the methane emissions increase, the equivalent CO2 emissions (cumulative greenhouse gas effect of CO2 and CH4) of the engine decrease. Increasing NG fraction also improves the brake thermal efficiency of the engine though NOx emissions increase. By optimizing the combustion phasing through control of the DI timing, brake thermal efficiencies of the order of ∼42% can be achieved. At high loads, advanced diesel DI timings typically correspond to the higher maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, brake thermal efficiency and NOx emissions, and lower soot, CO, and CO2-equivalent emissions.

Modeling of the Combustion Process in a Dual Fuel Direct Injection Engine

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Karim ◽  
Y. Zhaoda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Chemical Reaction Rates

Analytical methods to provide a guideline for predicting the limit for acceptable power output of dual fuel engines due to the onset of autoignition and knock are described. This is achieved primarily through improved modeling of the chemical reaction rates of the charge during compression and subsequently following pilot ignition. Some performance results with methane as a fuel are presented.

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Natural Gas Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Geun Lee ◽  
David Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion

High Pressure Direct-Injection (HPDI) is a technology option for engines used in mobile equipment applications where use of LNG as a fuel is desired. Using the combination of a diesel pilot injection and direct gas injection, HPDI has the potential to deliver low emissions, excellent transient performance, high efficiency, and high gas substitution. When the HPDI program was initially undertaken, in order to aid in initial hardware design, 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamic modeling was conducted to understand the mixing and reaction processes in the combustion chamber of an HPDI engine. Gaining insight into qualitative trends of operation parameters and hardware configurations was a first critical step toward delivering a hardware set to demonstrate HPDI natural gas combustion system capabilities. To model the combustion of multi-component fuel at arbitrary constituent ratios, a combustion model based on a detailed chemical kinetics approach was employed. Several published mechanisms and combinations of established mechanisms were tested by comparing results with existing fumigated dual fuel engine results. The result shows that some of combined mechanisms for n-heptane combustion and methane combustion are capable of adequately predicting combustion behavior in diesel-natural gas dual fuel combustion systems. One of the reduced n-heptane mechanisms (by Patel et al.) also matched dual fuel combustion results reasonably well. This preliminary simulation study was conducted with typical trapped air conditions and fuel quantities matching the energy delivery for a 100 % load condition in existing DI diesel engines. A full 360-degree mesh at intake valve closing was constructed and a detailed geometry of the gas injector nozzle and sac area was modeled in locally refined grids using a Caterpillar proprietary CFD code that accepts industry standard mechanisms. The diesel pilot injection followed by gas injection and resulting combustion inside an HPDI engine was simulated from IVC through the compression and combustion strokes. The operating parameters — such as diesel pilot injection timing, pilot injection amount, and start of gas injection — were varied, and the effect on IMEP, NOx, CO and cylinder pressure were investigated. It was shown that the start of gas injection is the strongest parameter for control of combustion. Subsequent to the work discussed in this paper, the hardware configuration established as optimal during the modeling work was carried forward to the physical engine testing and was successful in delivering the performance and emissions goals without modification, demonstrating the accuracy and value of modern combustion modeling.

scholarly journals Effects of injection strategies on low‐speed marine engines using the dual fuel of high‐pressure direct‐injection natural gas and diesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1994-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Jingrui Li ◽  
Jietuo Wang ◽  
Chaohui Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Injection Strategies
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