Optimization of a Point-Focusing, Distributed Receiver Solar Thermal Electric System

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Transport ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Total System ◽  
Slope Error

This paper presents an approach to optimization of a solar concept which employs solar-to-electric power conversion at the focus of parabolic dish concentrators. Modularity is obtained through the use of multiple concentrators to achieve the desired power level (up to 10MW); the system is connected to an electric utility grid but is capable of operation in a stand-alone mode. The power conversion subsystem is packaged into a single assembly which includes (1) a cavity receiver, (2) thermal transport hardware, (3) a heat engine and (4) a synchronous a-c generator. In the example presented, the baseline heat engine is a Stirling cycle power plant and the receiver is a high temperature (∼800°C) sodium pool boiler; thermal transport is provided by a short pipe with the dual function of delivering sodium vapor to the engine heater head and returning liquid condensate to the boiler. The optimization procedure is presented through a series of trade studies, which include the results of optical/thermal analyses and individual subsystem trades. The optical/thermal analyses include the effect of concentrator rim angle, surface slope error, pointing error, geometric concentration ratio and pertinent cavity parameters including shape, temperature and inner surface radiation properties. For the concentrator, the effects pf slope error, rim angle and diameter on unit cost (dollars/m2 of aperture) are presented as part of an overall cost analysis which generates total system life-cycle energy cost as the optimization parameter. Alternate closed-cycle and open-cycle Brayton engines and organic Rankine engines are considered to show the influence of the optimization process, and various storage techniques are evaluated, including batteries, flywheels and hybrid-engine operations.

Modeling of a New Crank-Less Rotary Heat Engine Concept for Solar Power Utilization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad I. Rashad ◽  
Hend A. Faiad ◽  
Mahmoud Elzouka
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Engine Concept

This paper presents the operating principle of a novel solar rotary crank-less heat engine. The proposed engine concept uses air as working fluid. The reciprocating motion is converted to a rotary motion by the mean of unbalanced mass and Coriolis effect, instead of a crank shaft. This facilitates the engine scaling and provides several degrees of freedom in terms of structure design and configuration. Unlike classical heat engines (i.e. Stirling), the proposed engine can be fixed to the ground which significantly reduce the generation unit cost. Firstly, the engine’s configuration is illustrated. Then, order analysis for the engine is carried out. The combined dynamics and thermal model is developed using ordinary differential equations which are then numerically solved by Simulink™. The resulting engine thermodynamics cycle is described. It incorporates the common thermodynamics processes (isobaric, isothermal, isochoric processes). Finally, the system behavior and performance are analyzed along with studying the effect of various design parameters on operating conditions such as engine speed, output power and efficiency.

scholarly journals Designing Dual-Effect Nanohybrids for Removing Heavy Metals and Different Kinds of Anions from the Natural Water

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Osama Saber ◽  
Sarah Mousa Asiri ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Ezzeldin ◽  
Waleed I. M. El-Azab ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Abdeen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

In the present study, well-designed nanohybrids are used to act as effective dual-function adsorbents for removing both anions and heavy metals from natural water, at the same time. In this trend, Zn-Al LDHs and graphene oxide are applied to build up building blocks to produce a series of nanohybrids. These nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These techniques confirmed that the prepared nanohybrids contained nanolayered structures with three–dimensional porous systems. These porous systems were identified by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and water purification experiments. The obtained results indicated that these nanohybrids included suitable structures to act as dual function materials. The first function was achieved by removing more than 80% of both cadmium and lead from the natural water. The second function was accomplished by eliminating of 100% of hydrogen phosphate and bromide anions alongside with 80%–91% of sulfate, chloride, and fluoride anions. To conclude, these well-designed nanohybrids convert two-dimensional nanolayered structures to three-dimensional porous networks to work as dual-function materials for removing of heavy metals and different kinds of anions naturally found in the fresh tap water sample with no parameters optimization.

150 kwe Supercritical Closed Cycle System

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hoffmann ◽  
Ernest G. Feher
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Potential Applicability

This paper explores the potential applicability of the Supercritical (Feher) Thermodynamic Power Cycle to advanced ground nuclear power systems. The supercritical cycle is a closed cycle heat engine that operates entirely above the critical pressure of the working fluid. It is characterized by high thermal efficiency and compactness of the machinery. The cycle is highly regenerated and receives heat over a narrow temperature range. For the evaluation of the advantages of the power conversion concept, a 150-kwe power conversion module has been selected that employs a gas turbine driven high speed alternator, using carbon dioxide as the working fluid.

An Overview of the Power 775 Supercomputer Water Cooling System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ellsworth ◽  
Gary F. Goth ◽  
Randy J. Zoodsma ◽  
Amilcar Arvelo ◽  
Levi A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Total System ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Rear Door ◽  
Water Cooling System

Back in 2008 IBM reintroduced water cooling technology into its high performance computing platform, the Power 575 Supercomputing node/system. Water cooled cold plates were used to cool the processor modules which represented about half of the total system (rack) heat load. An air-to-liquid heat exchanger was also mounted in the rear door of the rack to remove a significant fraction of the other half of the rack heat load; the heat load to air. The next generation of this platform, the Power 775 Supercomputing node/system, is a monumental leap forward in computing performance and energy efficiency. The compute node and system were designed from the start with water cooling in mind. The result, a system with greater than 96% of it’s heat load conducted directly to water; a system that, together with a rear door heat exchanger, removes 100% of it’s heat load to water with no requirement for room air conditioning. In addition to the processor, memory, power conversion, and I/O electronics conduct their heat to water. Included within the framework of the system is a disk storage unit (disc enclosure) containing an interboard air-to-water heat exchanger. This paper will overview the water cooling system featuring the water conditioning unit and rack manifolds. Advances in technology over this system’s predecessor will be highlighted. An overview of the cooling assemblies within the server drawer (i.e. central electronics complex,) the disc enclosure, and the centralized (Bulk) power conversion system will also be given. Further, techniques to enhance performance and energy efficiency will also be described.

An Overview of the IBM Power 775 Supercomputer Water Cooling System

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ellsworth ◽  
Gary F. Goth ◽  
Randy J. Zoodsma ◽  
Amilcar Arvelo ◽  
Levi A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Total System ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Rear Door ◽  
Water Cooling System

In 2008 IBM reintroduced water cooling technology into its high performance computing platform, the Power 575 Supercomputing node/system. Water cooled cold plates were used to cool the processor modules which represented about half of the total system (rack) heat load. An air-to-liquid heat exchanger was also mounted in the rear door of the rack to remove a significant fraction of the other half of the rack heat load: the heat load to air. The next generation of this platform, the Power 775 Supercomputing node/system, is a monumental leap forward in computing performance and energy efficiency. The computer node and system were designed from the start with water cooling in mind. The result, a system with greater than 96% of its heat load conducted directly to water, is a system that, together with a rear door heat exchanger, removes 100% of its heat load to water with no requirement for room air conditioning. In addition to the processor, the memory, power conversion, and I/O electronics conduct their heat to water. Included within the framework of the system is a disk storage unit (disc enclosure) containing an interboard air-to-water heat exchanger. This paper will give an overview of the water cooling system featuring the water conditioning unit and rack manifolds. Advances in technology over this system’s predecessor will be highlighted. An overview of the cooling assemblies within the server drawer (i.e., central electronics complex,) the disc enclosure, and the centralized (bulk) power conversion system will also be given. Furthermore, techniques to enhance performance and energy efficiency will also be described.

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