Matrix Representation and Prediction of Three-Dimensional Cutting Forces

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kirk ◽  
D. K. Anand ◽  
C. McKindra
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Matrix

Matrix geometry techniques are applied to predicting three-dimensional cutting forces. In the present model a specific cutting plane is located and two-dimensional metal cutting theory is applied. Force predictions in this plane are then matrix transformed to three orthogonal forces acting on the cutting tool. Experimental results show the matrix model accurately predicts three-dimensional cutting forces in turning of long slender workpieces. Experimental results are also compared to other analytical models described in the literature.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte locomotion and attachment on two-dimensional surfaces and in three-dimensional matrices

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Haston ◽  
JM Shields ◽  
PC Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Peripheral Lymph Node ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Identical Material ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Collagen Lattices

The adhesion and locomotion of mouse peripheral lymph node lymphocytes on 2-D protein- coated substrata and in 3-D matrices were compared. Lymphocytes did not adhere to, or migrate on, 2-D substrata suck as serum- or fibronectin-coated glass. They did attach to and migrate in hydrated 3-D collagen lattices. When the collagen was dehydrated to form a 2-D surface, lymphocyte attachment to it was reduced. We propose that lymphocytes, which are poorly adhesive, are able to attach to and migrate in 3-D matrices by a nonadhesive mechanism such as the extension and expansion of pseudopodia through gaps in the matrix, which could provide purchase for movement in the absence of discrete intermolecular adhesions. This was supported by studies using serum-coated micropore filters, since lymphocytes attached to and migrated into filters with pore sizes large enough (3 or 8 mum) to allow pseudopod penetration but did not attach to filters made of an identical material (cellulose esters) but of narrow pore size (0.22 or 0.45 mum). Cinematographic studies of lymphocyte locomotion in collagen gels were also consistent with the above hypothesis, since lymphocytes showed a more variable morphology than is typically seen on plane surfaces, with formation of many small pseudopodia expanded to give a marked constriction between the cell and the pseudopod. These extensions often remained fixed with respect to the environment as the lymphocyte moved away from or past them. This suggests that the pseudopodia were inserted into gaps in the gel matrix and acted as anchorage points for locomotion.

Service quality function deployment by the C-shaped QFD 3D matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3386-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassani ◽  
Arash Shahin ◽  
Manouchehr Kheradmandnia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Matrix ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of C-shaped QFD 3D Matrix in comparing process characteristics (PC), performance aspects (PA) and customer requirements, simultaneously and to prioritize the first two sets, respectively. Design/methodology/approach A three dimensional matrix has been developed with three sets of PC, PA and customers’ requirements and C-shaped matrix has been applied for simultaneous comparison of the dimensions and prioritization of the subsets of PC and PA. The proposed approach has been examined in a post bank. Findings Findings confirm the possibility of simultaneous comparison and prioritization of the three sets of dimensions of this study in post bank services. In addition, “growth and learning” and “bilateral relationship with suppliers” had the first priorities among PA and PC, respectively. Research limitations/implications While the proposed approach has many advantages, filling the matrixes is time-consuming. Since illustrating the 3D matrix was not possible, the matrix was separated into five two-dimensional matrixes. Originality/value Compared to the studied literature, the proposed approach is practically new in the post bank services.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI GENERATION AND PROPAGATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Hammack ◽  
Frederic Raichlen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Theory ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

A linear theory is presented for waves generated by an arbitrary bed deformation {in space and time) for a two-dimensional and a three -dimensional fluid domain of uniform depth. The resulting wave profile near the source is computed for both the two and three-dimensional models for a specific class of bed deformations; experimental results are presented for the two-dimensional model. The growth of nonlinear effects during wave propagation in an ocean of uniform depth and the corresponding limitations of the linear theory are investigated. A strategy is presented for determining wave behavior at large distances from the source where linear and nonlinear effects are of equal magnitude. The strategy is based on a matching technique which employs the linear theory in its region of applicability and an equation similar to that of Korteweg and deVries (KdV) in the region where nonlinearities are equal in magnitude to frequency dispersion. Comparison of the theoretical computations with the experimental results indicates that an equation of the KdV type is the proper model of wave behavior at large distances from the source region.

scholarly journals Tuning cell migration: contractility as an integrator of intracellular signals from multiple cues

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Bordeleau ◽  
Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Cues ◽  
Cell Contractility ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Physical Cues ◽  
The Matrix

There has been immense progress in our understanding of the factors driving cell migration in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional microenvironments over the years. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that even though most cells share many of the same signaling molecules, they rarely respond in the same way to migration cues. To add to the complexity, cells are generally exposed to multiple cues simultaneously, in the form of growth factors and/or physical cues from the matrix. Understanding the mechanisms that modulate the intracellular signals triggered by multiple cues remains a challenge. Here, we will focus on the molecular mechanism involved in modulating cell migration, with a specific focus on how cell contractility can mediate the crosstalk between signaling initiated at cell-matrix adhesions and growth factor receptors.

W1,q REGULARITY RESULTS FOR ELLIPTIC TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS ON HETEROGENEOUS POLYHEDRA

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 593-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ELSCHNER ◽  
H.-C. KAISER ◽  
J. REHBERG ◽  
G. SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Sobolev Space ◽  
Matrix Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Transmission Problems ◽  
Corner Points ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Regularity Results

Let ϒ be a three-dimensional Lipschitz polyhedron, and assume that the matrix function μ is piecewise constant on a polyhedral partition of ϒ. Based on regularity results for solutions to two-dimensional anisotropic transmission problems near corner points we obtain conditions on μ and the intersection angles between interfaces and ∂ϒ ensuring that the operator -∇ · μ∇ maps the Sobolev space [Formula: see text] isomorphically onto W-1,q(ϒ) for some q > 3.

An Investigation of the Predicting Capabilities of a Variable Flow Stress Machining Theory

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Intermittent Cutting ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract The Oxley Machining Theory, which has been developed over the last 40 years, is presented in this paper. The capability of the model is described with its initial two-dimensional machining approach followed by the extension to the generalised model for three-dimensional machining. The theoretical results from the model are compared with the experimental results to determine the model capability. A brief description of the work associated with the effect of strain hardening at the interface is presented and comparative results are shown. A further extension of the model to intermittent cutting process of reaming is also presented and a comparison with the experimental results indicates the model developed is quite capable of predicting cutting forces for reaming. In explaining the results obtain, the assumptions made are explained and the inputs required. The limitations of the modelling approach are presented. It is pointed out that the Oxley model is a versatile model as long as proper description of the material flow stress properties is presented.

A Sequel to Technical Note 13: The Curved Tetrahedronal and Triangular Elements TEC and TRIC for the Matrix Displacement Method

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (697) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Argyris ◽  
D. W. Scharpf
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Triangular Elements

It is by now well established that the computational analysis of significant problems in structural and continuum mechanics by the matrix displacement method often requires elements of higher sophistication than used in the past. This refers, in particular, to regions of steep stress gradients, which are frequently associated with marked changes in geometry, involving rapid variations of the radius of curvature. The philosophy underlying the idealisation of such configurations into finite elements was discussed in broad terms in ref. 1. It was emphasised that the so successful, constant strain, two-dimensional TRIM 3 and three-dimensional TET 4 elements do not, in general, prove the best choice. For this reason elements with a linear variation of strain like TRIM 6 and TET 10 were originally evolved and followed up with the quadratic strain elements TRIM 15, TRIA 4 (two-dimensional) and TET 20, TEA 8 (three-dimensional) of ref. 2. However, all these elements are characterised by straight edges and necessitate a polygonisation or polyhedrisation in the idealisation process. This may not be critical in many problems, but is sometimes of doubtful validity in the immediate neighbourhood of a curved boundary, where stress concentrations are most pronounced. To overcome this difficulty with a significant (local) increase of elements does not always yield the most economical and technically satisfactory solution. Moreover, there arises another inevitable shortcoming when dealing with TRIM and TET elements with a linear or quadratic variation of strain. Indeed, while TRIM 3 and TET 4 elements permit a very elegant extension into the realm of large displacements, this is not possible for the higher order TRIM and TET elements. This is simply due to the fact that TRIM 3 and TET 4 elements, by virtue of their specification, always remain straight under any magnitude of strain, but this is not so for the triangular and tetrahedron elements of higher sophistication.

scholarly journals Stability analysis for a single-point cutting tool deflection in turning operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985318
Author(s):  
Amon Gasagara ◽  
Wuyin Jin ◽  
Angelique Uwimbabazi
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Tool Deflection

In this article, a new model of regenerative vibrations due to the deflection of the cutting tool in turning is proposed. The previous study reported chatter as a result of cutting a wavy surface of the previous cut. The proposed model takes into account cutting forces as the main factor of tool deflection. A cantilever beam model is used to establish a numerical model of the tool deflection. Three-dimensional finite element method is used to estimate the tool permissible deflection under the action of the cutting load. To analyze the system dynamic behavior, 1-degree-of-freedom model is used. MATLAB is used to compute the system time series from the initial value using fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration. A straight hard turning with minimal fluid application experiment is used to obtain cutting forces under stable and chatter conditions. A single-point cutting tool made from high-speed steel is used for cutting. Experiment results showed that for the cutting parameters above 0.1mm/rev feed and [Formula: see text]mm depth of cut, the system develops fluctuations and higher chatter vibration frequency. Dynamic model vibration results showed that the cutting tool deflection induces chatter vibrations which transit from periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic type.

Pipe Response Under Concentrated Lateral Loads and External Pressure

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
Charis Eleftheriadis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Different Levels

The present paper examines the denting deformation of offshore pipelines and tubular members (D/t≤50) subjected to lateral (transverse) quasi-static loading in the presence of uniform external pressure. Particular emphasis is given on pressure effects on the ultimate lateral load of tubes and on their energy absorption capacity. Pipe segments are modeled with shell finite elements, accounting for geometric and material nonlinearities, and give very good predictions compared with test data from non-pressurized pipes. Lateral loading between two rigid plates, a two-dimensional case, is examined first. Three-dimensional case, are also analyzed, where the load is applied either through a pair of opposite wedge-shaped denting tools or a single spherical denting tool. Load-deflection curves for different levels of external pressure are presented, which indicate that pressure has significant influence on pipe response and strength. Finally, simplified analytical models are proposed for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional load configurations, which yield closed-form expressions, compare fairly well with the finite element results and illustrate some important features of pipeline response in a clear and elegant manner.

Altitude Aiding for GPS Systems using Elevation Map Datasets

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ptasinski ◽  
F. Cecelja ◽  
W. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
System A ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Positioning Algorithm

This paper reports the development of a DGPS navigation system integrated with altitude aiding. In this system, a digital height dataset is used for altitude augmentation. A two-dimensional (2-D) positioning algorithm is discussed and modified based on previous publications. The developed algorithm was implemented on the Brunel Inverse DGPS system. The performance of the new developed system is experimentally verified and compared with three-dimensional (3-D) GPS and DGPS systems. The experimental results showed 86% availability of positioning services; whereas for the 3-D GPS system alone, the availability was only 63% of time. In addition, the accuracy of the system was improved from 7.1 to 6.1 m (RMS) for GPS and from 6.0 to 5.1 m (RMS) for DGPS when compared to standalone 3-D modes.

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