Residual Stresses Due to Circumferential Welds

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vaidyanathan ◽  
A. F. Todaro ◽  
I. Finnie
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Circumferential Welds ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Axisymmetric Shells ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Good Agreement

The residual stress distribution produced by a circumferential weld between axisymmetric shells (cylinders, spheres, cones, etc.) is quite different from that due to a butt weld between two flat plates. The reason for this difference is pointed out and it is shown that the state of stress in thin-walled shells may be estimated from that in a plate. Since a simple approximate method for predicting residual stresses in a butt-welded flat plate is available, it is possible to estimate the stresses due to a circumferential weld from the welding conditions and certain material properties. Experimental results show good agreement with the predictions.

A Further Study of Residual Stresses in Circumferential Welds

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vaidyanathan ◽  
H. Weiss ◽  
I. Finnie
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Circumferential Welds ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Full Penetration

The residual stress distribution for a circumferential weld between cylinders was obtained in a prior publication for a full penetration, single pass weld with no variation of alloy content across the weld. In the present work the approach is extended to cover a wider variety of weld conditions. It is shown that the effects of multipass welds, partial penetration welds, and welds with filler metal differing greatly in properties from the base metal can approximately be taken into account. Experimental results are presented to support the proposed method of analysis.

Prediction of Residual Stresses in Welded T- and I-Joints Using Inherent Strains

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Yuan ◽  
Y. Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Elastic Analysis ◽  
Fillet Weld ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Geometric Ratio ◽  
Inherent Strain ◽  
Good Agreement

In order to develop a predicting method of residual stresses in fillet welded T- and I-joints, a concept of inherent strain, being regarded as a source of the residual stresses, was introduced. With the proposed method, the residual stress of an interested weldment may be predicted by performing an elastic analysis, in which the inherent strain is replaced to equivalent distributed loads. The inherent strain distributions in various welded T- and I-joints were investigated by numerical simulations. The results showed that the inherent strains distributing in flange side and in web side of the several joints are almost the same. The inherent strains vary not only with the average temperature rise due to welding, but with the geometric ratio of the joints. Being simplified by a trapezoid curve, the inherent strain distribution in a fillet weld was expressed by formulas, in which heat input, material properties, and geometric dimensions were taken into account. Welding residual stresses in T- and I-joints, predicted by the proposed method employing the derived formulas, were compared with those obtained by thermal elasto-plastic analysis, and good agreement was recognized. The validity of the proposed method was also confirmed by experiments.

Two-Dimensional Strain Cycling in Plasticity

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Naghdi ◽  
D. J. Nikkel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Plastic Strains ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Strain Space ◽  
Strain Cycling ◽  
Good Agreement

Detailed calculations are presented for strain cycling in a homogeneous deformation that can be sustained by a biaxial state of stress in thin-walled specimens of OFHC copper. These calculations are made with a set of relatively simple constitutive equations within the framework of the strain-space formulation of plasticity. The predicted theoretical calculations, carried out in the context of small deformation, are in good agreement with corresponding available experimental results for saturation hardening and erasure of memory in two-dimensional strain cycling. Also, with the use of the calculated results, a scalar quantity that characterizes strain-hardening is plotted as a function of plastic strains. Such plots are likely to be useful for computational purposes.

A numerical prediction of residual stress for a thin-walled part with geometrical features fabricated by GMA-based additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Jun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Longitudinal Residual Stress ◽  
Thin Walled

Purpose An accurate prediction of process-induced residual stress is necessary to prevent large distortion and cracks in gas metal arc (GMA)-based additive manufactured parts, especially thin-walled parts. The purpose of this study is to present an investigation into predicting the residual stress distributions of a thin-walled component with geometrical features. Design/methodology/approach A coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model considering a general Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source is built for a thin-walled component with geometrical features. To confirm the accuracy of the model, corresponding experiments are performed using a positional deposition method in which the torch is tilted from the normal direction of the substrate. During the experiment, the thermal cycle curves of locations on the substrate are obtained by thermocouples. The residual stresses on the substrate and part are measured using X-ray diffraction. The validated model is used to investigate the thermal stress evolution and residual stress distributions of the substrate and part. Findings Decent agreements are achieved after comparing the experimental and simulated results. It is shown that the geometrical feature of the part gives rise to an asymmetrical transversal residual stress distribution on the substrate surface, while it has a minimal influence on the longitudinal residual stress distribution. The residual stress distributions of the part are spatially uneven. The longitudinal tensile residual stress is the prominent residual stress in the central area of the component. Large wall-growth tensile residual stresses, which may cause delamination, appear at both ends of the component and the substrate–component interfaces. Originality/value The predicted residual stress distributions of the thin-walled part with geometrical features are helpful to understand the influence of geometry on the thermo-mechanical behavior in GMA-based additive manufacturing.

Distortion of U-Channel Sections in Plastic Bending

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Stelson ◽  
A. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Energy Minimization ◽  
Plastic Bending ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Channel Section ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Flat Base ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Good Agreement

When a thin-walled U-channel section is plastically bent, considerable in-plane distortion occurs. The initially flat base of the U is deformed into a circular arc. The sides remain perpendicular to the base so that an angle between the sides develops. In this paper, an analytical expression for the amount of distortion is derived based on energy minimization. The expression is purely geometrical indicating that distortion should not depend on material properties. The theory is compared with fourpoint bending experiments of thin-walled channels, with good agreement found.

scholarly journals SLENDER THIN‐WALLED BOX COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSION AND BENDING

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Pavlovčič ◽  
Bernadette Froschmeier ◽  
Ulrike Kuhlmann ◽  
Darko Beg
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Initial Imperfections ◽  
Euler Buckling ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Box Columns ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper deals with tests on slender thin‐walled box columns, susceptible to instability of both types: to global Euler buckling as well as to local buckling of steel plates. Eight full‐scale tests were carried out with different global slenderness of welded and cold‐formed columns subjected to centric and eccentric compression. For the purpose of profound numerical simulations of tests, material properties were also tested, and the initial column geometry and residual stresses were carefully measured. The results of FEA simulations show good agreement with the test results. On verified numerical model the influence of different initial imperfections was studied. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinejami liaunuju dežinio skerspjūvio kolonu, jautriu abieju tipu nepastovumui ‐ bendrajam klupumui pa‐gal Euleri ir plieniniu plokšteliu vietiniam klupumui, eksperimentai. Buvo atlikti aštuoni centriškai ir ekscentriškai gniuždomu virintinio ir šaltai lankstyto skerspjūvio ivairaus liaunio kolonu natūriniai bandymai. Siekiant nuodugniai atlikti skaitini bandymu modeliavima, taip pat bandymu nustatytos mechanines plieno savybes ir kruopščiai išmatuoti visi pradiniai geometriniai nuokrypiai ir liekamieji itempiai. Skaitinio modeliavimo baigtiniu elementu metodu ir natūriniu bandymu rezultatai nedaug skiriasi. Tikrinamuoju skaitiniu modeliu buvo nagrinetas ivairiu pradiniu geometriniu netikslumu poveikis.

Magnetic Barkhausen Measurements for Determining Residual Stress Distribution in Welded Electrical Steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polykseni Vourna ◽  
Aphrodite Ktena ◽  
Athanasios G. Mamalis ◽  
Evangelos Hristoforou ◽  
Peng Wan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Good Agreement

In the present research work the determination of residual stress distribution in welded non-oriented electrical steel samples is discussed. Tungsten Inert Gas and Electron Beam Welding were used as the welding methods. The residual stresses induced by welding estimated by the magnetic, non-destructive method of Barkhausen noise and were compared with the values resulting from the semi-destructive method of X-ray diffraction Bragg-Brentano (XRD-BB). In order to evaluate accuracy and reliability of the magnetic methods applied, the steel samples were subjected in both compressive and tensile stress and the magnetic noise values were correlated to residual stress values through an appropriate calibration curve. Furthermore, the fluctuations of the residual stresses in the welding zones of the welded samples were discussed on the basis of the experimental evidence and the microstructural changes occurring during welding. It was found that the residual stress determined by MBN method was in good agreement with the XRD-BB results. However, the residual stress determined by magnetic permeability method was not in good agreement with the XRD-BB results. In contrast to the XRD-BB method, the magnetic techniques required a precise calibration procedure in all zones with noticeably different microstructure.

scholarly journals The Contour Method for Residual Stress Determination Applied to an AA6082-T6 Friction Stir Butt Weld

2011 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Richter-Trummer ◽  
Pedro Miguel Guimarães Pires Moreira ◽  
João Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Manuel Salgado Tavares de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Friction Stir Weld ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
Friction Stir

Residual stresses parallel to the welding direction on a cross-section of a 3 mm thick friction stir butt-welded aluminum alloy AA6082-T6 plate were determined using the contour method. A full contour map of longitudinal residual stresses on a weld cross section was determined in this way, revealing detailed information on the residual stress distribution in the inside of a friction stir weld, especially in the nugget zone. The typical M-shape, usually described for the residual stress distribution in friction stir welds, was found. The maximum residual stresses are below the yield strength of the material in the shoulder region and, outside of the welding region, low tensile and compressive residual stresses are responsible for the necessary stress equilibrium on the plane of interest. A comparison was made with the established incremental hole drilling technique on an equivalent plate for validation and good agreement of both techniques was obtained. The distribution, as well as the magnitude of the residual stresses measured by both techniques, is very similar, thus validating both the experimental and numerical procedures used for the contour method application, presented and discussed in the present paper.

Fully Two-Dimensional Discrete Inverse Eigenstrain Analysis of Residual Stresses in a Railway Rail Head

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Song ◽  
Alexander M. Korsunsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Base Function ◽  
Dimensional Variation ◽  
Railway Rail ◽  
Good Agreement

The aim of the present study was to introduce a new algorithm for reconstructing the eigenstrain fields in engineering components. A 2D discrete inverse eigenstrain study of residual stresses was carried out on a worn railhead sample. Its residual elastic strain distribution was obtained by neutron diffraction measurement in Stress-Spec, FRMII and used as the input for eigenstrain reconstruction. A new eigenstrain base function-tent was introduced to capture the fully two-dimensional variation of eigenstrain distribution. An automated sequential tent generation scheme was programed in ABAQUS™ with its preprocessor to load the experimental data and postprocessor to carry out the optimization to obtain the eigenstrain coefficients. The reconstructed eigenstrain field incurs residual stress distribution in the railhead simulation, which showed good agreement with the experimental data.

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