Magnetic Properties of Malleable Irons

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
W. K. Bock ◽  
T. D. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Magnetic Applications

Standard or ferritic malleable iron is satisfactory for use as a cast, soft magnetic material. It is made by heat-treating white iron. In addition to its magnetic properties, it can be readily cast into intricate shapes and is one of the most machinable ferrous metals. By merely changing the heat-treatment, pearlitic or martensitic malleable iron can be produced from the same white iron. Like all soft, magnetic materials, ferritic malleable iron is mechanically soft. On the other hand, pearlitic malleable and martensitic malleable irons are graphitic steels and exhibit a range of hardness and strength. They have the same availability as ferritic malleable and much of its machinability. Ordinarily, carbon steels are not used for magnetic applications, but because the pearlitic and martensitic malleables have the advantages outlined above, there is some idea that they might be used as a compromise by giving up some magnetic quality to gain mechanical properties. This paper supplies the magnetic properties necessary for such compromise. Magnetically, pearlitic and martensitic malleables behave like steels if allowance is made for the graphite which is present.

SAE 1039

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAF 1039 steel can be used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. Its manganese content is a little higher than some of the other standard carbon steels with comparable carbon levels; this gives it slightly higher hardenability and hardness. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-66. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

scholarly journals The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Rapidly Quenched Fe72Ni8Nb4Si2B14 Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lukasz Hawelek ◽  
Tymon Warski ◽  
Patryk Wlodarczyk ◽  
Marcin Polak ◽  
Przemyslaw Zackiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Glass Relaxation

The complex structural and magnetic studies of the annealed rapidly quenched Cu-free Fe72Ni8Nb4Si2B14 alloy (metallic ribbons form) are reported here. Based on the calorimetric results, the conventional heat treatment process (with heating rate 10 °C/min and subsequent isothermal annealing for 20 min) for wound toroidal cores has been optimized to obtain the least lossy magnetic properties (for the minimum value of coercivity and magnetic core losses at 50 Hz). For optimal conditions, the complex permeability in the 104–108 Hz frequency range together with core power losses obtained from magnetic induction dependence up to the frequency of 400 kHz was successfully measured. The average and local crystal structure was investigated by the use of the X-ray diffraction method and the transmission electron microscopy observations and proved its fully glassy state. Additionally, for the three temperature values, i.e., 310, 340 and 370 °C, the glass relaxation process study in the function of annealing time was carried out to obtain a deeper insight into the soft magnetic properties: magnetic permeability and cut-off frequency. For this type of Cu-free soft magnetic materials, the control of glass relaxation process (time and temperature) is extremely important to obtain proper magnetic properties.

Microstructure Evolution upon Thermomagnetic Treatment of Soft Magnetic Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Gubernatorov ◽  
T.S. Sycheva ◽  
Irina I. Kositsyna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Thermomagnetic Treatment ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Magnetic Alloys ◽  
Treatment Mode ◽  
Soft Magnetic Alloys ◽  
Microscopy Examination

A new concept is suggested that serves to explain the effects of thermomagnetic treatment. Its validity is proved via measurements of magnetic properties and electron microscopy examination of structure of soft magnetic materials after different treatments. This concept allows one to consciously choose the treatment mode aiming on improvement of magnetic properties of alloys.

scholarly journals The AC Soft Magnetic Properties of FeCoNixCuAl (1.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.75) High-Entropy Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Wu ◽  
Chenxu Wang ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Xiaomeng Feng ◽  
Yong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
Soft Magnetic Properties ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Fcc Phase

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with soft magnetic properties are one of the new candidate soft magnetic materials which are usually used under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field. In this work, the AC soft magnetic properties are investigated for FeCoNixCuAl (1.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.75) HEAs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the alloy consists of two phases, namely a face-centred cubic (FCC) phase and a body-centred cubic (BCC) phase. With increasing Ni content, the FCC phase content increased. Further research shows that the AC soft magnetic properties of these alloys are closely related to their phase constitution. Increasing the FCC phase content contributes to a decrease in the values of AC remanence (AC Br), AC coercivity (AC Hc) and AC total loss (Ps), while it is harmful to the AC maximum magnetic flux density (AC Bm). Ps can be divided into two parts: AC hysteresis loss (Ph) and eddy current loss (Pe). With increasing frequency f, the ratio of Ph/Ps decreases for all samples. When f ≤ 150 Hz, Ph/Ps > 70%, which means that Ph mainly contributes to Ps. When f ≥ 800 Hz, Ph/Ps < 40% (except for the x = 1.0 sample), which means that Pe mainly contributes to Ps. At the same frequency, the ratio of Ph/Ps decreases gradually with increasing FCC phase content. The values of Pe and Ph are mainly related to the electrical resistivity (ρ) and the AC Hc, respectively. This provides a direction to reduce Ps.

scholarly journals A measurement setup for acquiring the local magnetic properties of plastically deformed soft magnetic materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 07E306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Bi ◽  
Alexander Sutor ◽  
Reinhard Lerch ◽  
Yunshi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic

Effect of B2O3 Fluxing on Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe(-Co)-B-Si-Nb Bulk Metallic Glasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Bitoh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glasses ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Soft Magnetic Properties ◽  
Copper Mold ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Glass Forming

The effect of B2O3 fluxing on the glass-forming ability (GFA), the structure and the soft magnetic properties of Fe (-Co)-B-Si-Nb bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been investigated. The large Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb BMG specimens with diameters up to 7.7 mm, which is approximately 1.5 times as large as that of the maximum diameter of the copper mold cast one (= 5 mm), were prepared by the fluxing and water quenching. Thus the GFA of the Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb BMG are improved by the fluxing. It was confirmed that the soft magnetic properties of the Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb BMG are also improved by the fluxing. On the other hand, it was found for the Co-free Fe-B-Si-Nb BMG that the B2O3 fluxing promotes the precipitation of the α-Fe (-Si) and Fe2B phases in the central region of the specimens; i.e., the GFA of the Fe-B-Si-Nb BMG is decreased by the fluxing. The Fe-B-Si-Nb BMG specimens show a flat hysteresis loop, indicating a good linear relationship between the magnetic induction and the applied magnetic field. These results of the Fe-B-Si-Nb BMG show that it is possible to develop a new soft magnetic material that exhibits constant permeability, which is necessary for producing inductors and choke coils.

scholarly journals Measuring And Computing System for Studying the Magnetic Characteristics of Soft Magnetic Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A.V. Egorov ◽  
V.V. Polyakov ◽  
A.A. Lependin ◽  
D.D. Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Ferromagnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-destructive eddy current diagnostics of the structure, composition, physical and mechanical properties of ferromagnetic materials, as well as eddy current monitoring of the operational parameters of products manufactured from them, requires knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of these materials. In eddy current measurements, the results obtained are influenced by a significant number of factors — magnetic and electrical properties of materials, geometric characteristics of products, measurement conditions, design features of an eddy current sensor, etc. Also, the magnetic properties themselves have high structural sensitivity. Thus, identification of the diagnosed parameters puts great importance on the tasks to separate the influencing factors and isolate the contribution of the magnetic properties. This paper describes the measuring and computing system that allows automatic determination of the magnetic permeability of soft magnetic ferromagnetic materials at various values of the strength of the external magnetizing field. The system has been tested using soft magnetic ferrites samples. An experimental dependence of the magnetic permeability on the magnitude of the magnetic field for the initial section of the main magnetization curve is presented. The obtained initial magnetic permeability is compared with the data of independent indirect measurements. The proposed system provides an increase in the reliability and accuracy of the results of the experimental determination of magnetic characteristics and can be used for non-destructive diagnostics of products made of soft magnetic ferromagnetic materials.

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