scholarly journals CT-Compatible Medical Drilling Stylet

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor J. Walsh ◽  
Arjan J. H. Meskers ◽  
Alexander H. Slocum ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Helical Motion ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Drill Press

This paper describes the design of a compact, lightweight CT-compatible, drill-press that is designed to be used in either a hand-held or stand-alone mode to assist with percutaneous bone based interventions. Previous medical drilling tools that have been developed have a metal structure and typically have one actuator for advancing the drill (feed) and another for rotating it (speed). After defining the device functional requirements and specifications, a deterministic design process was followed to generate several design concepts that were then evaluated based on their ability to satisfy the functional requirements. A final concept that uses a custom screw-spline to achieve helical motion of a shaft that is attached to a standard orthopedic drill was selected for prototyping. The design uses a single actuator to drive both the screw and spline nuts through two different gear ratios, resulting in a fixed ratio between the feed and speed. Apart from the motor which is placed away from the central drill axis, the device is largely made from plastic materials. A custom experimental setup was developed that enabled drilling into bone inside a CT scanner to be examined. Results showed that the device was successfully able to penetrate thick cortical bone and that its structure did not appreciably distort the medical images.

Design and Verification of a New Computer Controlled Seating Buck

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanxin Wang ◽  
Vijitha Kiridena ◽  
Gianna Gomez-Levi ◽  
Jian Wan ◽  
Steven Sieczka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
High Level

Appraising vehicle package design concepts using seating bucks — physical prototypes representing vehicle package, is an integral part of the vehicle package design process. Building such bucks is costly and may impose substantial burden on the vehicle design cycle time. Further, static seating bucks lack the flexibility to accommodate design iterations during the gradual progression of a vehicle program. A “Computer controlled seating buck”, as described in this paper, is a quick and inexpensive alternative to the traditional seating bucks with the desired degree of fidelity. It is particularly useful to perform package and ergonomic studies in the early stages of a vehicle program, long before the data is available to build a traditional seating buck. Such a seating buck has been developed to accommodate Ford vehicle package design needs. This paper presents the functional requirements, the high level conceptual design of how these requirements are realized, and the methods to verify, improve and sustain the dimensional accuracy and capability of the new computer controlled seating buck.

Innovative Design of Range Hood Based on Folding Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 1323-1327
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Qi Fang Bo ◽  
Peng Han
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Folding Structure

In modern society, people have not only the functional requirements of the product, but also the pursuit in its spiritual sustenance. Based on the concept of the folding structure, this thesis extracts the essence of the folding structure design from typical product design, then analyzes the style and structural features of range hood in depth, puts forward the design concepts and innovative solutions of range hood, and, designs a pull-out range hood which saves space and achieves a combination of Chinese traditional elements with modern design perfectly.

A Plug-and-Contract Mechanism for a Robust Assessment of Design Concepts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Roy Awedikian
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Variable Domains ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
Relative Potential

Starting from a need and a set of functional requirements (FRs), a designer is often perplexed to assess the potential of a given concept to fit these requirements. He is even more perplexed when several concepts are candidates. This paper proposes a definition of a concept in a practical way as a parameterized model linking a set of design variables (DVs) to a set of performance variables (PVs). This set of PVs is supposed to be the same for any concept candidate to fulfill a need. This is why our model propose to “plug” a card of FRs into candidate concepts in order to lead concurrent reasonings on competing concepts until one or several of them appear to be of poor interest. The plugging mechanism is implemented by constraint programming techniques (evolved interval arithmetics) that immediately contract the performance and design variable domains to provide an outer approximation of the solution (or design) space. Two sets of comparison operators between solution spaces are proposed: operators for comparing the relative potential of two concepts submitted to the same FRs, and operators for comparing two successive stages of solution spaces of a given concept. These last operators provide the way to tackle the robustness of design decision making under uncertainty. All the mentioned features: plugging mechanism, contraction of domains and design space representation, comparison operators and robustness considerations have been experimented on an example of a pair of candidate concepts of truss structures.

Railway Station Buildings: An Architect Engineer Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
João Pedro do Carmo Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Structural Engineer ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Structural Solutions

Innovative Aspects in Design Practice of Railway Stations Buildings Requires to Overcome Difficulties Related, among Others, Permanent Circulation of Trains, Maintenance of Accessibilities, Urban Contextualization, Performance, Economy and Sustainability of Solutions. for this Reason, from the early Stage of Architectural Genesis of a Railway Station Building Design it is Necessary an Understanding of the Essential Problems such as Functional Requirements, Tectonic Elegance and Feasibility of Structures. it is Essential a Broad Understanding of Structural Engineering and Capacity to Appropriate Explanation of the Idealized Solutions to the Structural Partners.In this Context Proposed Paper Intends to Present the Author Experience. Additionally, and Based on the Author's Experience in Teaching Curricular Units within the Scope of Architecture Technologies at the Lisbon School of Architecture, a Reflection is Made about the Importance of the Training Component of Architects in the Area of Structural Systems as an Enhancer of Innovative Architectural Projects.The Projects Presented Correspond to the Author's Activity in Portugal on Railway Passenger Stations Buildings of REFER E.P. Rede Ferroviária Nacional, over the Last 25 Years, as Architect and Structural Engineer Senior Partner in ENARCO, Gabinete De Engenharia e Arquitectura, Lda, in which he Promoted the Study of Projects Establishing a Vision of Synthesis between the Architectural and Structural Concept. these Aspects will Be Discussed through Case Studies of Platform Metallic Sheds Based on the Author Design Experience. the Studies Relate Mainly to Three Levels of Intervention: Rehabilitation of Existing Facilities; Variant Projects; Remodeling of Preexisting Infrastructures. the Design Conditions, the Design Concepts and the Structural Solutions Developed will Be Referred. the Studies are Presented by Chronological Order of Design Conclusion.

Graph Partitioning Technique to Identify Physically Integrated Design Concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumare Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Helen Kain ◽  
Sogol Jahanbekam ◽  
Sara Behdad
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Graph Partitioning ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Concept

This study proposes a graph partitioning method to facilitate the idea of physical integration proposed in Axiomatic Design. According to the physical integration concept, the design features should be integrated into a single physical part or a few parts with the aim of reducing the information content, given that the independence of functional requirements is still satisfied. However, no specific method is suggested in the literature for determining the optimal degree of physical integration of a design artifact. This is particularly important with the current advancement in Additive Manufacturing technologies. Since additive manufacturing allows physical elements to be integrated, new methods are needed to help designers evaluate the impact of the physical integration on the design success. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework for determining the best way that functional requirements can be assigned to different parts of a product.

Structural Design Concepts for the Canadian National Tower, Toronto, Canada

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
General Review ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Construction Methods

This paper provides a general review of the basic principles for the structural design of the CN Tower. A discussion of the design is provided relating to each of the major portions of the structure. The following portions are treated separately and in relation to each other: concrete tower shaft; foundation; and upper accommodation building. Choice of geometry, materials, and construction methods is explained with respect to technical, architectural, and functional requirements and restrictions.

scholarly journals Temporal Resolution Phantom: A Device and Method for Measurement of a CT Scanner’s Temporal Resolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Slocum ◽  
Stephen E. Jones ◽  
Rajiv Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Calibration Phantom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Further Development

A calibration phantom that can be used to measure the temporal resolution of a CT scanner was designed utilizing a deterministic design process. The system was first defined in terms of a set of functional requirements based on parameters of the imaging modality. It was necessary to generate multiple time-varying signals visible to the scanner, each with a pre-determined temporal frequency. Roll-off in the scanner’s ability to resolve the modulation of certain signals would be used to determine the scanner’s temporal resolution. Based on size limitations imposed by the scanning environment, the phantom utilizes multiple planetary gear assemblies, driven by a common shaft, to achieve a wide range of rotational velocities. Results obtained with an alpha prototype agreed with the theory. It was determined that further development of the phantom was necessary to increase the sensitivity of the measurement. The latest prototype phantom has been used to measure the temporal resolution of two different scanners and it was shown that temporal resolution of each is different from the gantry rotation time.

scholarly journals Design of a Catheter-Based Device for Performing Percutaneous Chordal-Cutting Procedures

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Slocum ◽  
W. R. Bosworth ◽  
A. Mazumdar ◽  
M. A. Saez ◽  
M. L. Culpepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Rapid Design

In this paper we detail the rapid design, fabrication and testing of a percutaneous catheterbased device that is envisioned to enable externally controlled manipulation and cutting of specific chordae tendinae within the heart. The importance of this work is that it (a) provides a means that surgeons may use to alleviate problems associated with some forms of mitral valve regurgitation and (b) demonstrates how a deterministic design process may be used to drive design innovation in medical devices while lowering development cost/time/resources. In the United States alone, approximately 500,000 people develop ischemic or functional MR per year. A chordal cutting procedure and device could allow many patients, who would otherwise be unable to survive open-heart surgery, to undergo a potentially life-saving operation at reduced risk. The design process has enabled us to generate a solution to this problem in a relatively short time. A deterministic design process was used to generate several design concepts and then evaluate and compare each concept based on a set of functional requirements. A final concept to be alpha prototyped was then chosen, optimized, and fabricated. The design process made it possible to make rapid progress during the project and to achieve a device design that worked the first time. This approach is important to medical device design as it reduces engineering effort, cost, and the amount of time spent in iterative design cycles. An overview of the design process will be presented and discussed within the context of a specific case study–the rapid design/fabrication of a chordal cutting device. Experimental results will be used to assess: (i) The performance of the catheter in maneuvering into the heart and grasping various structures. (ii) The effectiveness of the catheter's RF ablation tip at cutting chordae inside of a heart. In the first experiment, the catheter was guided to the basal chordae under direct visualization, which showed that the catheter is capable of successfully grasping a chord. During the second experiment, ultrasound was shown to be a viable method of visualizing the catheter within the heart. During this experiment, once contact between the chord and RF ablator tip was confirmed, the chord was successfully ablated. We will also discuss experiments that are currently underway to visualize the catheter utilizing a Trans-Esophageal Echo probe, as well as imaging the mitral valve from the apex of the heart with a laparoscope so that video of the basal chord being grasped and cut can be acquired on a heart whose anatomical structures are intact. A brief synopsis will then be given of how the design process has been used in research and educational collaborations between MIT and local hospitals.

scholarly journals Addressing European Ocean Energy Challenge: The DTOceanPlus Structured Innovation Tool for Concept Creation and Selection

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5988
Author(s):  
Inès Tunga ◽  
Anna Garcia-Teruel ◽  
Donald R. Noble ◽  
Jillian Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range

The whole energy system requires renewables that scale and produce reliable, valuable energy at an acceptable cost. The key to increasing the deployment of ocean energy is bringing down development and operating costs. This paper proposes a structured approach to innovation in ocean energy systems that would spur innovation and expand the market for ocean energy. This approach can be used by a wide range of stakeholders—including technology and project developers and investors—when considering creating or improving designs. The Structured Innovation design tool within the DTOceanPlus suite is one of a kind beyond the current state-of-the-art. It enables the adaptation and integration of systematic problem-solving tools based on quality function deployment (QFD), the theory of inventive thinking (TRIZ), and the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) methodologies for the ocean energy sector. In obtaining and assessing innovative concepts, the integration of TRIZ into QFD enables the designers to define the innovation problem, identifies trade-offs in the system, and, with TRIZ as a systematic inventive problem-solving methodology, generates potential design concepts for the contradicting requirements. Additionally, the FMEA is used to assess the technical risks associated with the proposed design concepts. The methodology is demonstrated using high-level functional requirements for a small array of ten tidal turbines to improve the devices layout and power cabling architecture. The Structured Innovation design tool output comprises critical functional requirements with the highest overall impact and the least organisational effort to implement, along with appropriate alternative solutions to conflicting requirements.

Development and Application of Design Concept Ontologies for Contextual Conceptualization

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Horváth ◽  
Joris S. M. Vergeest ◽  
György Kuczogi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
High Level Modeling ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract This study focuses on two specific problems of knowledge intensive computer aided design: (a) how can design concepts be modeled and represented in a form that is understandable for human beings and can be processed by computers, (b) how can they be arranged in structures that enables a computer-based functional design of products. First, a methodology for definition of very high level modeling entities based on the ontology theory is presented. It formalizes design concepts in terms of all concerned entities, phenomena and situations and describes them by attributes, parameters and descriptors, respectively. Validity and interactions of design concepts are governed by constraints. The very high level modeling entities are arranged into domain oriented design ontologies based on their contents and semantic relationships. The formalism used for logical specification of design ontologies is based on a library of declarative expressions called ACN-Code. A design ontology lends itself to a specific knowledge base called associative concept network (ACN). The inference engine that works on an application oriented ACN selects the appropriate design concepts against a set of user specified functional requirements. Due to the pre-defined associations incomplete functional specifications can be completed to result in a fully functional design solution. The paper also presents an application example.

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