A Computational and Experimental Investigation of Synthetic Jets for Cooling of Electronics

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Arik ◽  
Yogen V. Utturkar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Flow Physics

Seamless advancements in electronics industry resulted in high performance computing. These innovations lead to smaller electronics systems with higher heat fluxes than ever. However, shrinking nature of real estate for thermal management has created a need for more effective and compact cooling solutions. Novel cooling techniques have been of interest to solve the demand. One such technology that functions with the principle of creating vortex rings is called synthetic jets. These jets are mesoscale devices operating as zero-net-mass-flux principle by ingesting and ejection of high velocity working fluid from a single opening. These devices produce periodic jet streams, which may have peak velocities over 20 times greater than conventional, comparable size fan velocities. These jets enhance heat transfer in both natural and forced convection significantly over bare and extended surfaces. Recognizing the heat transfer physics over surfaces require a fundamental understanding of the flow physics caused by microfluid motion. A comprehensive computational and experimental study has been performed to understand the flow physics of a synthetic jet. Computational study has been performed via FLUENT commercial software, while the experimental study has been performed by using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Since synthetic jets are typical sine-wave excited between 20 and 60 V range, they have an orifice peak velocity of over 60 m/s, resulting in a Reynolds number of over 2000. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions on the vortex dipole location fall within 10% of the experimental measurement uncertainty band.

Vortex Dynamics of Synthetic Jets: A Computational and Experimental Investigation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Arik ◽  
Yogen Utturkar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Flow Physics

Seamless advancements in electronics industry resulted in high performance computing. These innovations lead to smaller electronics systems with higher heat fluxes than ever. However, shrinking nature of real estate for thermal management has created a need for more effective and compact cooling solutions. Novel cooling techniques have been of interest to solve the demand. One such technology that functions with the principle of creating vortex rings is called synthetic jets. The jets are meso-scale devices operating as zero-net-mass-flux principle by ingesting and ejection of high velocity working fluid from a single opening. These devices produce periodic jet streams, which may have peak velocities over 20 times greater than conventional, comparable size fan velocities. Those jets enhance heat transfer in both natural and forced convection significantly over bare and extended surfaces. Recognizing the heat transfer physics over surfaces require a fundamental understanding of the flow physics caused by micro fluid motion. A comprehensive computational and experimental study has been performed to understand the flow physics of a synthetic jet. Computational study has been performed via Fluent commercial software, while the experimental study has been performed by using Laser Doppler Anemometry. Since synthetic jets are typical sine-wave excited between 20 and 60 V range, they have an orifice peak velocity of over 60 m/s, resulting in a Reynolds number of 2000. CFD predictions on the vortex dipole location fall within 10% of the experimental measurement uncertainty band.

An Experimental Study of Impinging Synthetic Jets for Heat Transfer Augmentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omidreza Ghaffari ◽  
Muhammad Ikhlaq ◽  
Mehmet Arik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Vertical Surface ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Circular Jets ◽  
Number Formula

According to recent trends in the field of miniature electronics, the need for compact cooling solutions compatible with very thin profiles and small footprint areas is inevitable. Impinging synthetic jets are recognized as a promising technique for cooling miniature surfaces like laptops, tablets, smart phones and slim TV systems. Effect of jet to cooled surface spacing is crucial in cooling performance as well as predicting Nusselt number for such spacing. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the cooling performance of two different synthetic jets actuated with piezoelectric actuators cooling over a vertical surface. Results showed that a major degradation of heat transfer when jets are close to the surface is occurred. Slot synthetic jets showed a better performance in terms of coefficient of performance (COP) than semi-confined circular jets for small jet to surface spacing. Later, a correlation is proposed for predicting Nu number for a semi-confined circular synthetic jet accounting the effects of Re number ([Formula: see text]), jet-to-surface spacing ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and the stroke length ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). It is found that correlation can provide predictions with an [Formula: see text] value of over 98%.

A Computational Study on the Momentum and Heat Transfer Distribution of a Low Frequency Round Impinging Synthetic Jet

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhlaq ◽  
Baris Dogruoz ◽  
Omidreza Ghaffari ◽  
Mehmet Arik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Momentum And Heat Transfer ◽  
Prior Literature

Impinging synthetic jets have been considered as a possible solution for cooling miniature structures. It has been shown that synthetic jet performance is sensitive to the distance between the jet nozzle and the target surface where enhancement of heat transfer decreases with a reduction in nozzle-to-target plate distance. At low nozzle-to-target spacing, no detailed information about the momentum and temperature fields have been shown in prior literature, therefore further investigation is needed. In this study, a 3-D computational fluid dynamics model was constructed to determine the flow and temperature fields of a meso-scale synthetic jet at a nozzle-to-target surface spacing of H/D = 2, ReD,j= 1400 and f = 500 Hz. Unlike the majority of previous computational studies, rather than specifying the boundary conditions at the nozzle, the flow inside the synthetic jet device was solved by specifying the time dependent boundary conditions on the vibrating diaphragm and utilizing the moving mesh technique. Local surface pressure and heat transfer coefficient distributions were determined and discussed. It was found that the pulsating flow at the nozzle exit for a round jet generates vortex rings and these rings seem to have some considerable effects on the target surface profiles.

Experimental study of thermohydraulic characteristics and irreversibility analysis of novel axial corrugated tube with spring tape inserts

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 30901
Author(s):  
Suvanjan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Debraj Sarkar ◽  
Ulavathi Shettar Mahabaleshwar ◽  
Manoj K. Soni ◽  
M. Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heat Exchanger Tube ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Corrugated Tube ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchanger Tube

The current study experimentally investigates the heat transfer augmentation on the novel axial corrugated heat exchanger tube in which the spring tape is introduced. Air (Pr = 0.707) is used as a working fluid. In order to augment the thermohydraulic performance, a corrugated tube with inserts is offered. The experimental study is further extended by varying the important parameters like spring ratio (y = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) and Reynolds number (Re = 10 000–52 000). The angular pitch between the two neighboring corrugations and the angle of the corrugation is kept constant through the experiments at β = 1200 and α = 600 respectively, while two different corrugations heights (h) are analyzed. While increasing the corrugation height and decreasing the spring ratio, the impact of the swirling effect improves the thermal performance of the system. The maximum thermal performance is obtained when the corrugation height is h = 0.2 and spring ratio y = 1.5. Eventually, correlations for predicting friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) are developed.

Micro Fluidic Jets for Thermal Management of Electronics

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivtesh Garg ◽  
Mehmet Arik ◽  
Stanton Weaver ◽  
Seyed Saddoughi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Turbulent Jets ◽  
Harmonic Signal ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging

Micro fluidics devices are conventionally used for boundary layer control in many aerospace applications. Synthetic Jets are intense small scale turbulent jets formed from entrainment and expulsion of the fluid in which they are embedded. The idea of using synthetic jets in confined electronic cooling applications started in late 1990s. These micro fluidic devices offer very efficient, high magnitude direct air-cooling on the heated surface. A proprietary synthetic jet designed in General Electric Company was able to provide a maximum air velocity of 90 m/s from a 1.2 mm hydraulic diameter rectangular orifice. An experimental study for determining the thermal performance of a meso scale synthetic jet was carried out. The synthetic jets are driven by a time harmonic signal. During the experiments, the operating frequency for jets was set between 3 and 4.5 kHz. The resonance frequency for a particular jet was determined through the effect on the exit velocity magnitude. An infrared thermal imaging technique was used to acquire fine scale temperature measurements. A square heater with a surface area of 156 mm2 was used to mimic the hot component and extensive temperature maps were obtained. The parameters varied during the experiments were jet location, driving jet voltage, driving jet frequency and heater power. The output parameters were point wise temperatures (pixel size = 30 μm), and heat transfer enhancement over natural convection. A maximum of approximately 8 times enhancement over natural convection heat transfer was measured. The maximum coefficient of cooling performance obtained was approximately 6.6 due to the low power consumption of the synthetic jets.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Synthetic Jets in Minichannels With Subcooled Boiling Flow

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Sykes ◽  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Gregory S. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Synthetic Jets ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation

Microchannels and minichannels have been shown to have many potential applications for cooling high-heat-flux electronics over the past 3 decades. Synthetic jets can enhance minichannel performance by adding net momentum flux into a stream without adding mass flux. These jets are produced because of different flow patterns that emerge during the induction and expulsion stroke of a diaphragm, and when incorporated into minichannels can disrupt boundary layers and impinge on the far wall, leading to high heat transfer coefficients. Many researchers have examined the effects of synthetic jets in microchannels and minichannels with single-phase flows. The use of synthetic jets has been shown to augment local heat transfer coefficients by 2–3 times the value of steady flow conditions. In this investigation, local heat transfer coefficients and pressure loss in various operating regimes were experimentally measured. Experiments were conducted with a minichannel array containing embedded thermocouples to directly measure local wall temperatures. The experimental range extends from transitional to turbulent flows. Local wall temperature measurements indicate that increases of heat transfer coefficient of over 20% can occur directly below the synthetic jet with low exit qualities. In this study, the heat transfer augmentation by using synthetic jets was dictated by the momentum ratio of the synthetic jet to the bulk fluid flow. As local quality was increased, the heat transfer augmentation dropped from 23% to 10%. Surface tension variations had a large effect on the Nusselt number, while variations in inertial forces had a small effect on Nusselt number in this operating region.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Embedded Micropin-Fins for Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag R. Kharangate ◽  
Ki Wook Jung ◽  
Sangwoo Jung ◽  
Daeyoung Kong ◽  
Joseph Schaadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pin Fin

Three-dimensional (3D) stacked integrated circuit (IC) chips offer significant performance improvement, but offer important challenges for thermal management including, for the case of microfluidic cooling, constraints on channel dimensions, and pressure drop. Here, we investigate heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a microfluidic cooling device with staggered pin-fin array arrangement with dimensions as follows: diameter D = 46.5 μm; spacing, S ∼ 100 μm; and height, H ∼ 110 μm. Deionized single-phase water with mass flow rates of m˙ = 15.1–64.1 g/min was used as the working fluid, corresponding to values of Re (based on pin fin diameter) from 23 to 135, where heat fluxes up to 141 W/cm2 are removed. The measurements yield local Nusselt numbers that vary little along the heated channel length and values for both the Nu and the friction factor do not agree well with most data for pin fin geometries in the literature. Two new correlations for the average Nusselt number (∼Re1.04) and Fanning friction factor (∼Re−0.52) are proposed that capture the heat transfer and pressure drop behavior for the geometric and operating conditions tested in this study with mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.9% and 1.7%, respectively. The work shows that a more comprehensive investigation is required on thermofluidic characterization of pin fin arrays with channel heights Hf < 150 μm and fin spacing S = 50–500 μm, respectively, with the Reynolds number, Re < 300.

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Silicon Microchannel Heat Sink Using Liquid Crystal Thermography

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Megahed ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Tariq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Boiling Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink

The present study focuses on the experimental investigation of boiling heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop in a silicon microchannel heat sink. The microchannel heat sink consists of a rectangular silicon chip in which 45 rectangular microchannels were chemically etched with a depth of 295 μm, width of 254 μm, and a length of 16 mm. Un-encapsulated Thermochromic liquid Crystals (TLC) are used in the present work to enable nonintrusive and high spatial resolution temperature measurements. This measuring technique is used to provide accurate full and local surface-temperature and heat transfer coefficient measurements. Experiments are carried out for mass velocities ranging between 290 to 457 kg/m2.s and heat fluxes from 6.04 to 13.06 W/cm2 using FC-72 as the working fluid. Experimental results show that the pressure drop increases as the exit quality and the flow rate increase. High values of heat transfer coefficient can be obtained at low exit quality (xe < 0.2). However, the heat transfer coefficient decreases sharply and remains almost constant as the quality increases for an exit quality higher than 0.2.

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