Performance of Multiple-Injection Dry Low-NOx Combustors on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Satoschi Dodo ◽  
Mitsuhiro Karishuku ◽  
Nobuo Yagi ◽  
Yasuhiro Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

The successful development of coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology requires gas turbines capable of achieving the dry low nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas fuels for low emissions and high plant efficiency. Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) has been developing a “multiple-injection burner” to achieve the dry low-NOx (DLN) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas fuels. The purposes of this paper are to present the test results of a multican combustor equipped with multiple-injection burners in an IGCC pilot plant, and evaluate combustor performance by focusing on the effects of flame shapes. The syngas fuel produced in the plant contained approximately 50% carbon monoxide, 20% hydrogen, and 20% nitrogen by volume. In the tests, the combustor with slenderer flames achieved lower NOx emissions of 10.9 ppm (at 15% oxygen), reduced combustor liner and burner plate metal temperatures, and lowered combustion efficiency at the maximum gas turbine load. The test results showed that the slenderer flames were more effective in reducing NOx emissions and liner/burner plate metal temperatures. A comparison with the diffusion-flame combustor demonstrated that the multiple-injection combustors achieved the dry low-NOx combustion of the syngas fuel in the plant.

Performance of Multiple-Injection Dry Low-NOx Combustor on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Satoschi Dodo ◽  
Mitsuhiro Karishuku ◽  
Nobuo Yagi ◽  
Yasuhiro Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

Successful development of oxygen-blown integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology requires gas turbines capable of achieving dry low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas for low emissions and high plant efficiency. The authors have been developing a “multiple-injection burner” to achieve the dry low-NOx combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas. The purposes of this paper are to present test results of the multi-can combustor equipped with multiple-injection burners in an IGCC pilot plant and to evaluate the combustor performance focusing on effects of flame shapes. The syngas fuel produced in the plant contained approximately 50% carbon monoxide, 20% hydrogen, and 20% nitrogen by volume. In the tests, the combustor that produced slenderer flames achieved lower NOx emissions of 10.9 ppm (at 15% oxygen), reduced combustor liner and burner plate metal temperatures, and lowered the combustion efficiency at the maximum load. The test results showed that the slenderer flames were more effective in reducing NOx emissions and liner and burner metal temperatures. These findings demonstrated that the multiple-injection combustor achieved dry low-NOx combustion of the syngas fuel in the plant.

Part Load Operation of a Multiple-Injection Dry Low NOx Combustor on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel in an IGCC Pilot Plant

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Satoschi Dodo ◽  
Mitsuhiro Karishuku ◽  
Nobuo Yagi ◽  
Yasuhiro Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen ◽  
Initial Staging

The successful development of coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology requires gas turbines capable of achieving the dry low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas for low emissions and high plant efficiency. Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) has been developing a “multiple-injection combustor” to achieve the dry low-NOx combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas. This study suggests an advanced fuel staging comprising a hybrid partial combustion mode to improve the combustor’s part load performance. The purposes of this paper are to present the test results of the combustor with the advanced staging on a syngas fuel in an IGCC pilot plant, and to evaluate its performance. The syngas fuel produced in the plant contained approximately 50% carbon monoxide, 20% hydrogen, and 20% nitrogen by volume. In the test, the advanced staging reduced the maximum NOx at part load to 44 ppm (at 15% oxygen) compared with the initial staging with a maximum NOx of 75 ppm, and attained higher combustion efficiency above 98.7% over the part load range than the initial staging with combustion efficiency above 97.1%. In conclusion, the advanced staging improved the part load performance by achieving lower NOx emissions and higher combustion efficiency.

A Dry Low-NOx Gas-Turbine Combustor With Multiple-Injection Burners for Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel: Testing and Evaluation of its Performance in an IGCC Pilot Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Satoschi Dodo ◽  
Yasuhiro Akiyama ◽  
Akinori Hayashi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Karishuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Injection Burner ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Surrogate Fuel

Success of oxygen-blown integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology requires gas turbines capable of achieving dry low nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas for low emissions and high plant efficiency. The authors have been developing a “multiple-injection burner” to achieve dry low-NOx combustion of such hydrogen-rich fuels using surrogate fuel composed of hydrogen, nitrogen, and methane. The purpose of this paper is to report test results of a multi-can combustor equipped with multiple-injection burners for a practical syngas fuel in an IGCC pilot plant and to evaluate its performance. The syngas fuel consisted of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide up to approximately half of its volume. In the test, the combustor achieved stable and reliable operation from ignition through partial load to the maximum load, and achieved NOx emissions of 15.1 ppm (at 15% oxygen) at the maximum load. These findings demonstrated that the combustor achieves dry low-NOx combustion of the syngas fuel in the IGCC pilot plant.

Expanding fuel flexibility of gas turbines

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moliere
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Energy Community

Gas turbines are continuous-flow engines that develop steady aerodynamics and flame kinetics. These features reduce the constraints placed on fuel properties for combustion and provide a considerable margin for clean combustion. In particular, heavy-duty gas turbines can operate on a large number of primary fuels that are available in many branches of the industry. These accessible fuels include natural gas (NG) and diesel fuel (DF), as well as a number of industry byproducts generated by the refining and petrochemical sectors, coal and oil and gas activities, steel and mining branches, and by the agricultural industry (biofuels). This fuel flexibility enhances the existing qualities demonstrated by gas turbines, such as efficiency, reliability, versatility in applications [mechanical drive, simple and combined cycle, combined heat and power (CHP)], strong integration potential [integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), gas to liquid (GTL)], and low emissions. As a result, gas turbines that use local fuel resources, synfuels or industrial byproducts — and are deployed in simple or combined cycles or in CHP units — can play a prominent role in the creation of reliable, clean, and energy-efficient power systems. This article provides the energy community with comprehensive information about alternative gas turbine (GT) fuels, covering volatile fuels [naphtha, natural gas liquid (NGL), condensates], weak gas fuels from the coal/iron industry [coalbed gas, coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG)], ash-forming oils, and hydrogen-rich byproducts from refineries or petrochemical plants. The main technical considerations essential to the success of alternative fuel applications are reviewed and key experience milestones are highlighted. A special emphasis is placed on the combustion of hydrogen in gas turbines.

scholarly journals Pressurized Gasification of Biomass

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Salo ◽  
A. Horvath ◽  
J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Product Gas

Biomass is a fuel of increasing interest in power generation since it is clean and renewable. Besides conventional power generating systems biomass fuel will be utilized in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants in the near future. Carbona Inc. (the successor to Enviropower Inc.) is commercializing a biomass fueled IGCC system. This system is based on a simplified IGCC process which applies the gasification technology originally developed by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and further developed by Enviropower before licensing the technology to Carbona and an advanced hot gas clean-up system. An extensive pilot test program has been carried out by Enviropower/Carbona covering all aspects of a biomass based gasification process. More than 5000 tons of different biomass feedstocks have been gasified at the pilot plant in Tampere, Finland. The pilot plant converts 15 MW (51 MMBtu/h) thermal input of fuel to product gas. Several biomass qualities/mixtures have been used during the test runs including hard wood, soft wood with and without branches, needles and bark. Short rotation biomass like willow and alfalfa have also been tested. This paper concentrates on the results and differences in gasification of different biomass materials with special emphasis on the suitability of product gas for gas turbines, the fate of ammonia, vapor phase alkali metals and air toxics. The development of demonstration projects is also discussed in this paper.

Effects of Multiple-Injection-Burner Configurations on Combustion Characteristics for Dry Low-NOx Combustion of Hydrogen-Rich Fuels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Asai ◽  
Satoschi Dodo ◽  
Hiromi Koizumi ◽  
Hirokazu Takahashi ◽  
Shouhei Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Injection Burner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Nox Combustion ◽  
Combustion Oscillation ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

The successful combination of coal-based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) requires gas turbines that can achieve dry low-NOx combustion of hydrogen-rich syngas with a wide range of hydrogen concentrations for lower emissions and higher plant efficiency. The authors have been developing a “multiple-injection burner” to achieve dry low-NOx combustion of such hydrogen-rich fuels. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the combustion characteristics of a multiple-injection burner with a convex perforated plate in order to determine its effectiveness in suppressing combustion oscillation. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure. Three kinds of fuel with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 40 to 84% were tested. The temperature of the combustion gas at the burner exit was 1775 K. The experimental results show that the convex burner was effective in suppressing combustion oscillation: it achieved stable low-NOx emissions of less than 10 ppm for all the test fuels. These findings demonstrate that the convex burner can achieve stable low-NOx combustion of hydrogen-rich fuels with a wide range of hydrogen concentrations by suppressing combustion oscillation.

Part-Load Operation of Gas Turbines Induced by Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Abstract This study takes inspiration from a previous work focused on the simulations of the Willem-Alexander Centrale (WAC) power plant located in Buggenum (the Netherlands), based on integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, under both design and off-design conditions. These latter included co-gasification of coal and biomass, in proportions of 30:70, in three different fuel mixtures. Any drop in the energy content of the coal/biomass blend, with respect to 100% coal, translated into a reduction in gas turbine (GT) firing temperature and load, according to the guidelines of WAC testing. Since the model was found to be accurate in comparison with operational data, here attention is drawn to the GT behavior. Hence part load strategies, such as fuel-only turbine inlet temperature (TIT) control and inlet guide vane (IGV) control, were investigated with the aim of maximizing the net electric efficiency (ηel) of the whole plant. This was done for different GT models from leading manufactures on a comparable size, in the range between 190–200 MW. The influence of fuel quality on overall ηel was discussed for three binary blends, over a wide range of lower heating value (LHV), while ensuring a concentration of H2 in the syngas below the limit of 30 vol%. IGV control was found to deliver the highest IGCC ηel combined with the lowest CO2 emission intensity, when compared not only to TIT control but also to turbine exhaust temperature control, which matches the spec for the selected GT engine. Thermoflex® was used to compute mass and energy balances in a steady environment thus neglecting dynamic aspects.

scholarly journals Reduced NOx Emissions Using Low Radial Swirler Vane Angles

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Alkabie ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
Swirl Vane ◽  
Vane Angle

The influence of vane angle and hence swirl number of a radial swirler on the weak extinction, combustion inefficiency and NOx emissions was investigated at lean gas turbine combustor primary zone conditions. A 140mm diameter atmospheric pressure low NOx combustor primary zone was developed with a Mach number simulation of 30% and 43% of the combustor air flow into the primary zone through a curved blade radial swirler. The range of radial swirler vane angles was 0–60 degrees and central radially outward fuel injection was used throughout with a 600K inlet temperature. For zero vane angle radially inward jets were formed that impinged and generated a strong outer recirculation. This was found to have much lower NOx characteristics compared with a 45 degree swirler at the same pressure loss. However, the lean stability and combustion efficiency in the near weak extinction region was not as good. With swirl the central recirculation zone enhanced the combustion efficiency. For all the swirl vane angles there was little difference in combustion inefficiency between the swirlers. However, the NOx emissions were reduced at the lowest swirl angles and vane angles in the range 20–30 degrees were considered to be the optimum for central injection. NOx emissions for central injection as low as 5ppm at 15% oxygen and 1 bar were demonstrated for zero swirl and 20 degree swirler vane angle. This would scale to well under 25 ppm at pressure for all current industrial gas turbines.

Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kei Inoue ◽  
Tomo Kawakami ◽  
Keijiro Saitoh ◽  
Satoshi Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.

Turning NGCC Into IGCC: Cycle Retrofitting Issues

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gutierrez ◽  
Terry B. Sullivan ◽  
Gerald J. Feller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Power Block ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Plants

The increase in price of natural gas and the need for a cleaner technology to generate electricity has motivated the power industry to move towards Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants. The system uses a low heating value fuel such as coal or biomass that is gasified to produce a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The potential for efficiency improvement and the decrease in emissions resulting from this process compared to coal-fired power plants are strong evidence to the argument that IGCC technology will be a key player in the future of power generation. In addition to new IGCC plants, and as a result of new emissions regulations, industry is looking at possibilities for retrofitting existing natural gas plants. This paper studies the feasibility of retrofitting existing gas turbines of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants to burn syngas, with a focus on the water/steam cycle design limitations and necessary changes. It shows how the gasification island processes can be treated independently and then integrated with the power block to make retrofitting possible. This paper provides a starting point to incorporate the gasification technology to current natural gas plants with minor redesigns.

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