Assessment of Solar Gas Turbine Hybridization Schemes

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
High Irradiation ◽  
Share Value

A simulation environment allowing steady state and transient modeling is used for assessing several gas turbine based cycles proposed for solar hybridization. First, representative open cycle gas turbine configurations, namely, (a) single shaft (SS), (b) recuperated single-shaft, (c) twin shaft (TS), and (d) two-spool three-shaft, intercooled, recuperated, are evaluated. The importance of design point selection in terms of solar share value is highlighted. Solar steam injection gas turbine cycle (STIG) alternatives, namely, solar steam only and solar/fuel gas steam, are then assessed. Finally, the concept of a dual fluid receiver (DFR) for exploiting the rejected solar power by producing steam during sunny hours with high irradiation is demonstrated. The effects of hybridization on performance and operability are established and evaluated. Solarization effect on performance is estimated in terms of annual produced power and fossil fuel savings. The results indicate that the spool arrangement affects the suitability of a gas turbine for hybridization. Recuperated configurations performed better for the design constrains imposed by current technology solar parts. Solar steam injection is a promising solution for retrofitted fuel-only and conventional STIG engines.

Cheng-Cycle Implementation on a Small Gas Turbine Engine

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Digumarthi ◽  
Chung-Nan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Experimental Heat ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The Cheng-Cycle turbine engine is a superheated steam injected gas turbine cycle system. This work is based on the Garrett 831 gas turbine. The development effort involved the design and manufacture of an experimental heat recovery steam generator, a steam injection system, and system controls. Measured performance data indicate the 26 percent efficiency improvement has been obtained compared to that of the basic turbine engine at its continuous power rating.

Performance Analysis of a Solar–Biogas Hybrid Micro Gas Turbine for Power Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Alshahrani ◽  
Abraham Engeda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Solar Power Tower ◽  
To Receive

Abstract A performance assessment was conducted for a solar–biogas hybrid micro gas turbine integrated with a solar power tower technology. The considered system is a solar central receiver integrated with a micro gas turbine hybrid with biogas fuel as a backup. The Brayton cycle is designed to receive a dual integrated heat source input that works alternatively to keep the heat input to the system continuous. The study considered several key performance parameters including meteorological condition effects, recuperator existence and effectiveness, solar share, and gas turbine components performance. This study shows a significant reduction in CO2 emissions due to the utilization and hybridization of the renewable energies, solar, and biogas. The study reveals that the solar–biogas hybrid micro gas turbine for 100-kW power production has a CO2 emission less than a conventional fossil fuel gas turbine. Finally, the study shows that the method of power generation hybridization for solar and biogas gas turbines is a promising technique that leads to fuel-savings and lower CO2 emissions.

Influence of Steam Injection on Thermal Efficiency and Operating Temperature of GE-F5 Gas Turbines Applying VODOLEY System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghazikhani ◽  
Nima Manshoori ◽  
Davood Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

An industrial gas turbine has the characteristic that turbine output decreases on hot summer days when electricity demand peaks. For GE-F5 gas turbines of Mashad Power Plant when ambient temperature increases 1° C, compressor outlet temperature increases 1.13° C and turbine exhaust temperature increases 2.5° C. Also air mass flow rate decreases about 0.6 kg/sec when ambient temperature increases 1° C, so it is revealed that variations are more due to decreasing in the efficiency of compressor and less due to reduction in mass flow rate of air as ambient temperature increases in constant power output. The cycle efficiency of these GE-F5 gas turbines reduces 3 percent with increasing 50° C of ambient temperature, also the fuel consumption increases as ambient temperature increases for constant turbine work. These are also because of reducing in the compressor efficiency in high temperature ambient. Steam injection in gas turbines is a way to prevent a loss in performance of gas turbines caused by high ambient temperature and has been used for many years. VODOLEY system is a steam injection system, which is known as a self-sufficient one in steam production. The amount of water vapor in combustion products will become regenerated in a contact condenser and after passing through a heat recovery boiler is injected in the transition piece after combustion chamber. In this paper the influence of steam injection in Mashad Power Plant GE-F5 gas turbine parameters, applying VODOLEY system, is being observed. Results show that in this turbine, the turbine inlet temperature (T3) decreases in a range of 5 percent to 11 percent depending on ambient temperature, so the operating parameters in a gas turbine cycle equipped with VODOLEY system in 40° C of ambient temperature is the same as simple gas turbine cycle in 10° C of ambient temperature. Results show that the thermal efficiency increases up to 10 percent, but Back-Work ratio increases in a range of 15 percent to 30 percent. Also results show that although VODOLEY system has water treatment cost but by using this system the running cost will reduce up to 27 percent.

Combustion Chamber Steam Injection for Gas Turbine Performance Improvement During High Ambient Temperature Operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Bouam ◽  
Slimane Aissani ◽  
Rabah Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The gas turbines are generally used for large scale power generation. The basic gas turbine cycle has low thermal efficiency, which decreases in the hard climatic conditions of operation, so the cycles with thermodynamic improvement is found to be necessary. Among several methods shown their success in increasing the performances, the steam injected gas turbine cycle (STIG) consists of introducing a high amount of steam at various points in the cycle. The main purpose of the present work is to improve the principal characteristics of gas turbine used under hard condition of temperature in Algerian Sahara by injecting steam in the combustion chamber. The suggested method has been studied and compared to a simple cycle. Efficiency, however, is held constant when the ambient temperature increases from ISO conditions to 50°C. Computer program has been developed for various gas turbine processes including the effects of ambient temperature, pressure ratio, injection parameters, standard temperature, and combustion chamber temperature with and without steam injection. Data from the performance testing of an industrial gas turbine, computer model, and theoretical study are used to check the validity of the proposed model. The comparison of the predicted results to the test data is in good agreement. Starting from the advantages, we recommend the use of this method in the industry of hydrocarbons. This study can be contributed for experimental tests.

The R-ATR and the R-REF Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal: Part 2 — The R-REF Cycle

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fiaschi ◽  
Lidia Lombardi ◽  
Libero Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Main Components

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R-ATR and R-REF (Recuperative – Auto Thermal Reforming GT cycle and Recuperative – Reforming GT cycle) here proposed, are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the natural gas fuel reforming. The 2nd part of the paper is dedicated to the R-REF cycle: the power unit is a Gas Turbine (GT), fuelled with reformed and CO2 cleaned gas, obtained by the addition of several sections to the simple GT cycle, mainly: • Reformer section (REF), where the reforming reactions of methane fuel with steam are accomplished: the necessary heat is supplied partially by the exhausts cooling and, partially, with a post–combustion. • Water Gas Shift Reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, shifted into CO2 and H2 with the addition of water. • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed and shifted fuel. No water condensing section is adopted for the R-REF configuration. Between the main components, several heat recovery units are applied, together with GT Cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler and steam injection into the combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical absorption by an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand for amine regeneration is completely self-sustained by the power cycle. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling (the steam is externally added) has been investigated: in these conditions, the RREF has shown efficiency levels close to 43–44%. High values of specific work have been observed as well (around 450–500 kJ/kg). The efficiency is slightly lower than that found for the R–ATR solution, and 2–3% lower than CRGTs with CO2 removal and steam bottoming cycle, not internally recuperated. If compared with these, the R-REF offers higher simplicity due to absence of the steam cycle, and can be regarded as an improvement to the simple GT. In this way, at least 5–6 points efficiency can be gained, together with high levels of CO2 removal. The effects of the reformed fuel gas composition, temperature and pressure on the amine absorption system for the CO2 removal have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e. pressure ratio) on the specific heat demand.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF GAS-TURBINE CYCLE WITH STEAM INJECTION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS INTERACTION WITH WATER DESALINATION PLANT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аббас Наими ◽  
Abbas Naimi ◽  
Виктор Рассохин ◽  
Viktor Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Development of a Low-NOX Hydrogen-Fuelled Combustor for 10 MW Class Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cocchi ◽  
Stefano Sigali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Full Pressure

In the context of a research project launched in 2006 (partially funded by Regione Veneto, a local institution in the Northeast of Italy), ENEL and GE Oil & Gas are developing an innovative “zero emission” gas turbine cycle suitable for power generation. The gas turbine, a GE10-1 model, is manufactured by GE Oil & Gas and features a single can silo-type combustion chamber. A hydrogen-fuelled GE10-1 prototypical unit has been installed in Fusina (Venice), at ENEL’s coal-fired power plant, and has been in operation since September, 2009. The prototypical unit is equipped with a diffusive flame combustor, and the NOx emission level is kept below contractual limits by means of steam injection. In the mean time, further research activities have been carried out to develop an upgraded diffusive combustor, to be operated with 100% H2 and with NOx emissions reduced to below 50% of the current contractual limits. CFD has been extensively used (in cooperation with several Italian universities and research centers) in order to model and assess the behavior of the prototype combustor, and to define the preliminary design of modified burners and liners. Subsequently, the most promising configurations were engineered, procured and tested on a full-scale full-pressure combustion rig at ENEL’s experimental facility in Sesta (Tuscany). The behavior of alternative components has been monitored, with a focus on metal temperatures, pattern factor, pressure pulsations, and NOx emissions, and the performance has been compared to that of the prototypical combustor. As expected, the lowest NOx emissions were achieved with configurations having a lean primary combustion zone. Such configurations have proven to be capable of significantly reduced NOx emissions without increasing the amount of steam.

The Recuperative Auto Thermal Reforming and Recuperative Reforming Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal—Part II: The Recuperative Reforming Cycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fiaschi ◽  
L. Lombardi ◽  
L. Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Reforming Gas

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R-ATR and R-REF (recuperative–auto thermal reforming GT cycle and recuperative–reforming GT cycle) here proposed, are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the natural gas fuel reforming. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the R-REF cycle: the power unit is a gas turbine (GT), fuelled with reformed and CO2 cleaned gas, obtained by the addition of several sections to the simple GT cycle, mainly: • reformer section (REF), where the reforming reactions of methane fuel with steam are accomplished: the necessary heat is supplied partially by the exhausts cooling and, partially, with a post-combustion, • water gas shift reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, shifted into CO2 and H2 with the addition of water, and • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed and shifted fuel. No water condensing section is adopted for the R-REF configuration. Between the main components, several heat recovery units are applied, together with GT cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler, and steam injection into the combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical absorption by an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand for amine regeneration is completely self-sustained by the power cycle. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling (the steam is externally added) has been investigated: in these conditions, the R-REF has shown efficiency levels close to 43–44%. High values of specific work have been observed as well (around 450–500 kJ/kg). The efficiency is slightly lower than that found for the R-ATR solution, and 2–3% lower than CRGTs with CO2 removal and steam bottoming cycle, not internally recuperated. If compared with these, the R-REF offers higher simplicity due to absence of the steam cycle, and can be regarded as an improvement to the simple GT. In this way, at least 5–6 points efficiency can be gained, together with high levels of CO2 removal. The effects of the reformed fuel gas composition, temperature, and pressure on the amine absorption system for the CO2 removal have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e., pressure ratio) on the specific heat demand.

scholarly journals Study of Experimental and Calculated Flame Speed of Methane/Oxygen-Enriched Flame in Gas Turbine Conditions As a Function of Water Dilution: Application to CO2 Capture by Membrane Processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cabot ◽  
J. P. Chica Cano ◽  
S. de Persis ◽  
F. Foucher
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Water Dilution ◽  
Numerical Approaches

A solution for CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration of CO2) is oxycombustion. Due to the high cost of pure O2 production, however, other approaches recently emerged such as post-combustion coupled with Oxygen Enhanced Air (OEA). This is the solution studied in this paper, which presents an innovative gas turbine cycle, the Oxygen Enriched Air Steam Injection Gas Turbine Cycle (OEASTIG). The OEASTIG cycle is composed of Methane combustion with OEA (Oxygen Enhanced Air), EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and H2O coming from a STIG (Steam Injection Gas Turbine). CO2 capture is achieved by a membrane separator. The final aim of this work is to predict NO and CO emissions in the gas turbine by experimental and numerical approaches. Before carrying out this study, the validation of a reaction mechanism is mandatory. Moreover, this new gas turbine cycle impacts on the combustion zone and it is therefore necessary to understand the consequences of H2O and CO2 dilution on combustion parameters. While a large number of papers deal with CO2 dilution, only a few papers have investigated the impact of water dilution on methane combustion. A study of the influence of H2O dilution on the combustion parameters by experimental and numerical approaches was therefore carried out and is reported in the present paper. The paper is divided in three parts: i) description of the innovative gas turbine (OEASTIG) cycle and determination of the reactive mixtures compatible with its operation; ii) validation of the reaction mechanism by comparing laminar methane flame velocity measurements performed in a stainless steel spherical combustion chamber with calculations carried out in a freely propagating flame using the Chemical Workbench v.4.1. Package in conjunction with the GRIMech3.0 reaction mechanism; iii) Extrapolation to gas turbine conditions by prediction of flame velocities and determination of the feasible conditions from a gas turbine point of view (flame stability). In particular, mixtures (composed of CH4/O2/N2/H2O or CO2) leading to the same adiabatic temperature were investigated. Lastly, the influence of oxygen enrichment and H2O dilution (compared to CO2 dilution) were investigated.

scholarly journals Development of a Gas Turbine Combustion System for Medium-BTU Fuel

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Savelli ◽  
G. L. Touchton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

The Cool Water Coal Gasification Project requires a gas turbine combustion system to burn a high hydrogen medium-Btu coal gas produced in an oxygen-blown gasifier. The gas turbine selected for this demonstration plant is a General Electric Company MS7001E unit. The plant is located in Daggett, California, a location requiring compliance with stringent environmental regulations; that is, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at 63.5 kg/hr and carbon monoxide (CO) at 35.0 kg/hr in the machine exhaust. The plant operating configuration requires fuel gas to be supplied at 330 °K and 477 °K with 20%/vol moisture blended. A combustion system was developed enabling the gas turbine to operate from full speed no load to full load on both fuel gas configurations. Distillate oil capability was also incorporated to facilitate safe machine startup and shutdown. Emissions requirements for NOx were met with steam injection, “CO” by combustor design, and sulfur oxides are met by fuel gas cleanup. A conventional combustion liner sleeve with a standard air admission schedule was used. A unique fuel nozzle, based upon past low-Btu fuel work, was designed incorporating the latest low erosion oil nozzle. One combustor of the 10 fitted to an MS7001E was tested at full pressure and airflow. Test results indicate, as predicted analytically, that NOx prediction varies substantially between cold dry fuel gas and hot wet gas. NOx compliance was attainable with little degradation of other design considerations. Carbon monoxide emissions were well below the required limits.

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