Composite Laminate Delamination Simulation and Experiment: A Review of Recent Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Tabiei ◽  
Wenlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Impact

Composite laminate has extensive usage in the aerospace and automotive industries. Thus delamination, one of its most prevalent and challenging failure modes, has attracted substantial research efforts, and lead to the rapid development of both simulation and experiment method. Although reviews exist about simulation and experiment methods, there are not many that cover the development in the last five years. This paper is targeted to fill that gap. We covered a broad range of topic in delamination, from the basic delamination onset and propagation theories to complex loading scenarios, like impact and fatigue loading. From a simulation point of view, virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and cohesive zone model (CZM), the two most famous methods of delamination modeling, are compared and elaborated. Their implementation techniques are described, and their merits and drawbacks are discussed. We also covered the failure mode of combined delamination and matrix cracking, which is prevalent in impact loading scenarios. Simulation techniques, along with the failure mechanisms, are presented. From experiment point of view, the discussed topics range from delamination fracture toughness (DFT) tests under static, dynamic, or cyclic loading conditions, to impact tests that aim to obtain the impact resistance and residual strength after impact. Moreover, a collection of recent experiment data is provided.

Progressive failure analysis of scarf-repaired composite laminate based on damage constitutive model

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyi Shen ◽  
Zhenghao Zhu ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Element Analysis

A three-dimensional finite element model for scarf-repaired composite laminate was established on continuum damage model to predict the load capacity under tensile loading. The mixed-mode cohesive zone model was adopted to the debonding behavior analysis of adhesive. Damage condition and failure of laminates and adhesive were subsequently addressed. A three-dimensional bilinear constitutive model was developed for composite materials based on damage mechanics and applied to damage evolution and loading capacity analyses by quantifying damage level through damage state variables. The numerical analyses were implemented with ABAQUS finite element analysis by coding the constitutive model into material subroutine VUMAT. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results shows the accuracy and adaptability of the model.

scholarly journals Falling Weight Impact Damage Characterisation of Flax and Flax Basalt Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Dhakal ◽  
Elwan Le Méner ◽  
Marc Feldner ◽  
Chulin Jiang ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the damage mechanisms of composite materials requires detailed mapping of the failure behaviour using reliable techniques. This research focuses on an evaluation of the low-velocity falling weight impact damage behaviour of flax-basalt/vinyl ester (VE) hybrid composites. Incident impact energies under three different energy levels (50, 60, and 70 Joules) were employed to cause complete perforation in order to characterise different impact damage parameters, such as energy absorption characteristics, and damage modes and mechanisms. In addition, the water absorption behaviour of flax and flax basalt hybrid composites and its effects on the impact damage performance were also investigated. All the samples subjected to different incident energies were characterised using non-destructive techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed micro-tomography (πCT), to assess the damage mechanisms of studied flax/VE and flax/basalt/VE hybrid composites. The experimental results showed that the basalt hybrid system had a high impact energy and peak load compared to the flax/VE composite without hybridisation, indicating that a hybrid approach is a promising strategy for enhancing the toughness properties of natural fibre composites. The πCT and SEM images revealed that the failure modes observed for flax and flax basalt hybrid composites were a combination of matrix cracking, delamination, fibre breakage, and fibre pull out.

Finite Element Simulation of Delamination in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminate Using Cohesive Zone Model: Effect of Meshing Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Victor D. Waas ◽  
Mas Irfan P. Hidayat ◽  
Lukman Noerochim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Dcb Specimen ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

Delamination or interlaminar fracture often occurs in composite laminate due to several factors such as high interlaminar stress, stress concentration, impact stress as well as imperfections in manufacturing processes. In this study, finite element (FE) simulation of mode I delamination in double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen of carbon fiber/epoxy laminate HTA/6376C is investigated using cohesive zone model (CZM). 3D geometry of DCB specimen is developed in ANSYS Mechanical software and 8-node interface elements with bi-linear formulation are employed to connect the upper and lower parts of DCB. Effect of variation of number of elements on the laminate critical force is particularly examined. The mesh variation includes coarse, fine, and finest mesh. Simulation results show that the finest mesh needs to be employed to produce an accurate assessment of laminate critical force, which is compared with the one obtained from exact solution. This study hence addresses suitable number of elements as a reference to be used for 3D simulation of delamination progress in the composite laminate, which is less explored in existing studies of delamination of composites so far.

scholarly journals Rate-Dependent Cohesive Zone Model for Fracture Simulation of Soda-Lime Glass Plate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Demin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Fracture Simulation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, rate-dependent cohesive zone model was established to numerical simulate the fracture process of soda-lime glass under impact loading. Soda-lime glass is widely used in architecture and automobile industry due to its transparency. To improve the accuracy of fracture simulation of soda-lime glass under impact loading, strain rate effect was taken into consideration and a rate-dependent cohesive zone model was established. Tensile-shear mixed mode fracture was also taken account. The rate-dependent cohesive zone model was implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit with the user subroutine VUMAT. The fracture behavior of a monolithic glass plate impacted by a hemispherical impactor was simulated. The simulation results demonstrated that the rate-dependent cohesive zone model is more suitable to describe the impact failure characteristics of a monolithic glass plate, compared to cohesive zone model without consideration of strain rate. Moreover, the effect of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient C, the mesh size of glass plate and the impact velocity on the fracture characteristics were studied.

Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Delamination Crack Growth in CF/Epoxy Composite Laminates under Cyclic Loading Using Cohesive Zone Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ijaz ◽  
M Aurangzeb Khan ◽  
Waqas Saleem ◽  
Sajid Raza Chaudry
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Evolution Law ◽  
Delamination Crack

This paper presents the mathematical modelling of fatigue damage able to carry out simulation of evolution of delamination in the laminated composite structures under cyclic loadings. A new elastic fatigue damage evolution law is proposed here. A classical interface damage evolution law, which is commonly used to predict static debonding process, is modified further to incorporate fatigue delamination effects due to high cycle loadings. The proposed fatigue damage model is identified using Fracture Mechanics tests like DCB, ENF and MMB. Simulations of delamination under fatigue loading are performed and results are successfully compared with reported experimental data on HTA/6376C unidirectional material. Delamination crack growth with variable fatigue amplitude is also performed and simulation results show that the proposed fatigue damage law can also accommodate this variable amplitude phenomenon. A study of crack tip behaviour using damage variable evolution is also carried out in this paper. Finally the effect of mesh density on crack growth is also discussed.

An Improved Contact Formulation for Impact Crack Simulations in a Laminated Glass Beam

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1850077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunhua Chen ◽  
Mengyan Zang ◽  
Shinobu Yoshimura ◽  
Zumei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Contact Formulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numerical Instabilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glass Beam

Laminated glass is a simple sandwiched structure, which, however, is widely used in automotive and architectural industries. The well-known extrinsic cohesive zone model has proved to be a powerful numerical approach for the glass-ply crack simulations in laminated glass, where the classical node-to-segment contact treatment is usually employed. However, an unphysical phenomenon, named contact force jump, may arise during crack simulations, thereby resulting in numerical instabilities or incorrect simulation results. To address this issue, we develop an improved node-to-segment contact formulation to make the contact interactions in extrinsic crack simulations more stable. The main idea is to keep the number of contact constraints constant before and after cracking. The improved contact formulation is very simple and easy to implement, which, however, is effective to address the unphysical phenomenon. Three numerical examples, including the impact crack simulations of a laminated glass beam, are performed to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the improved contact formulation.

Experimental and numerical analysis of dual-adhesive stepped-lap aluminum joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-464
Author(s):  
CL Ferreira ◽  
RDSG Campilho ◽  
RDF Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Behavior Prediction ◽  
Adhesive Bonds

The use of adhesive bonds has attracted considerable interest from the scientific community. Stepped-lap joints have the advantage of decreasing stress gradients along the bond length, although the outer steps still encounter stress levels above the steps in the inner zone of the joint. One possible way to reduce this stress gradient is to combine this type of joint with the use of two adhesives. This work consists of an experimental and numerical evaluation of stepped-lap dual-adhesive joints between aluminum adherends, for various overlap lengths ( LO), and comparison with stepped-lap single-adhesive joints. The adhesives Araldite® AV138, Araldite® 2015, and Sikaforce® 7752 were evaluated. Numerically, cohesive zone models with a triangular damage law were applied in the joint behavior prediction. The analysis of the results is presented in the form of failure modes, stress analysis, damage variable analysis, load–displacement ( P–δ) curves and maximum load ( Pm), and energy required to failure ( U). It was concluded that, in general, cohesive zone model presented precise predictions. In general, no significant increase in strength was achieved with dual-adhesive joint but, on the other hand, significant energy increases were obtained.

scholarly journals Process Control Improvement in Deep Drawing of Hemispherical Cups Made of GLARE Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Hamza Blala ◽  
Lihui Lang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Sergei Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Thickness

Controlling the material flow under the blank holder in hydroforming is a delicate point that can be controlled by the blank holder force (BHF), cavity pressure (CP) and the blank holder gap (BHG). BHG is one of the effective parameters to control the material flow. A numerical and experimental approach studied the impact of the BHG on the Hydromechanical Deep Drawing (HDD) of a hemispherical cup made with 2/1 Glare sheets, including another two factors, CP and BHF. BHGs with different thickness was used in the experiments to form Glare Laminate. Simulation and experiment illustrate that an optimized value of these parameters has a good effect on the forming quality and depth of the final product. Finally, an appropriate value of the BHG is projected and the explanations of the failure modes are discussed.

scholarly journals Numerical Representation of Multiple Premature Failures in Steel-Plated RC Beams

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arsalan Khan ◽  
Jamal El-Rimawi ◽  
Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complete Failure

Realizing the importance of widely used technique of plating for flexural retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and its drawbacks due to premature failure(s), present work concentrates in developing a finite element tool model capable of successfully capturing multiple premature failure modes and their corresponding behaviors. The model is simple but focused; the capability and accuracy of the results have been validated through test literature, particularly focusing on the load capacities of beams at progressive stages of failure modes; which is from crack initiation through to complete failure, such as the load of crack initiation, first crack and complete failure. Acceptable accuracy is shown in terms of crack type(s), crack patterns, sequence, location and direction of propagation through the innovative use of cohesive zone model (CZM). The model clearly explains that debonding and peeling, although originating from a same location for most cases, are extensions of different types of cracks.

A damage mechanics model for low-velocity impact damage analysis of composite laminates

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (1238) ◽  
pp. 515-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Li ◽  
P.H. Chen ◽  
Q. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Fracture Plane ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTA method was developed to predict numerically the damage of composite laminates with multiple plies under low-velocity impact loading. The Puck criterion for 3D stress states was adopted to model the intralaminar damage including matrix cracking and fibre breakage, and to obtain the orientation of the fracture plane due to matrix failure. According to interlaminar delamination mechanism, a new delamination criterion was proposed. The influence of transverse and through-thickness normal stress, interlaminar shear stress and damage conditions of adjacent plies on delamination was considered. In order to predict the impact-induced damage of composite laminates with more plies quickly and efficiently, an approach, which can predict the specific damage of several plies in a single solid element, was proposed by interpolation on the strains of element integration points. Moreover, the proposed model can predict specific failure modes. A good agreement between the predicted delamination shapes and sizes and the experimental results shows correctness of the developed numerical method for predicting low-velocity impact damage on composite laminates.

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