Effect of Different Arc Welding Processes on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Ramor 500 Armor Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Günen ◽  
Selçuk Bayar ◽  
Mustafa Serdar Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Armor Steel ◽  
Welding Processes

Abstract In the present study, Ramor 500 armor steel plates were automatically welded using cold metal transfer arc welding (CMT), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and hybrid plasma arc welding (HPAW) methods. To investigate the effects of three different fusion welding methods on metallurgical and mechanical properties, the welded joints were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and also subjected to radiographic, hardness, tensile, and notched impact tests. The weld metal (WM) region of the GMAW and HPAW joints consisted of massive austenite. In the CMT welded joint, the WM consisted mainly of dendritic austenite and a minor amount of δ-ferrite. Regardless of the welding process, the hardness of both the WM and heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions was found to be higher than the base metal (BM). The tensile strengths obtained by CMT, GMAW, and HPAW were 45%, 50%, and 65% of the BM, respectively. Cleavage-type brittle fractures occurred in the GMAW and HPAW welded joints, while localized ductile fractures occurred in the CMT joints. Tensile test specimens of the CMT joints fractured in the WM, while the GMAW and HPAW joints fractured in the HAZ. In terms of notch toughness, the CMT joints exhibited better impact resistance compared with the BM. GMAW and HPAW joints displayed less impact resistance than the BM, with values comparable with previous studies in the literature.

scholarly journals The Effects of In-Process Cooling during Friction Stir Welding of 7475 Aluminium Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2743-2754
Author(s):  
Ashish Jacob ◽  
Sachin Maheshwari ◽  
Arshad Noor Siddiquee ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari ◽  
Mustufa Haider Abidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Welding Technique

Certain age hardenable alloys such as AA7475 cannot be joined with perfection using fusion welding techniques. This requires non-conventional welding technique such as friction stir welding process to join these ‘difficult to weld’ alloys. In this study, three different cooling conditions i.e. cryogenic, sub-zero, and zero-degree Celsius temperature conditions have been analyzed to understand its impact on the welding process. In-process cooling was found to behave effectively and also enhanced the mechanical properties of the welded joints. A stable microstructure was clearly seen in the images observed under the metallurgical microscope. The weld efficiencies were found to be good in each of the samples which are indicative of a strong metallic joint. The effective cooling conditions employed had an overall positive impact on the joint.

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110108
Author(s):  
Vijay S Gadakh ◽  
Vishvesh J Badheka ◽  
Amrut S Mulay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Welding Processes

The dissimilar material joining of aluminum and titanium alloys is recognized as a challenge due to the significant differences in the physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties of these alloys, where the increasing demands for high strength and lightweight alloys in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Joining these two alloys using the conventional fusion techniques produces commercially unacceptable sound joints due to irregular, complex weld pool shapes, cracking and low strength, high residual stresses, cracks, and microporosity, and the brittle intermetallic compounds formation leads to poor formability or inferior mechanical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds is inevitable but it is less severe in solid-state than in the fusion welding process. Hence, this article reviews on aluminum–titanium joining using different solid-state and hybrid joining processes with emphasis on the effect of process parameters of the different processes on the weld microstructure, mechanical properties along with the type of intermetallic compounds and defects formed at the weld interface. Among the various solid-state welding processes for aluminum–titanium joining, the following grades of aluminum and titanium alloys were employed such as cp Ti, Ti6Al4V, cp Al, AA1xxx, AA 2xxx, AA5xxx, AA6xxx, AA7xxx, out of which Ti6Al4V and AA6xxx alloys are the most common combination.

scholarly journals Welding Thermal Cycles of Joints Made of S1100QL Steel by Saw and Hybrid Plasma-Mag Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
A. Sajek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Plasma ◽  
Welding Processes

AbstractThe aim of this article is to validate the method of conducting a multipoint temperature measurement in the area of welded joints as a tool for quality assessment of the joints in question. In order to establish a relationship between temperature readout at a given point, the value of heat input and the distance of the point form the weld axis, preliminary tests have been conducted on a set of padding welds. Correlation of measurement data analysis showed the high 0.99 level. In the second stage of the study, temperatures of joints welded with two different methods have been measured: the HPAW (Hybrid Plasma – Arc Welding) and classic SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) method. The obtained temperature curves reflect the intensity of heat input in a given welding process. When compared to thermal effects on metallographic specimens, the shapes of the curves show a potential for quality assessment of joints in production conditions. Estimating thermal effects with classic analytical methods proves imprecise with respect to advanced high-power welding processes. Monitoring temperature will allow to assess the quality of joints in the course of welding, which may be a remarkable factor in terms of limiting the HAZ (heat affected zone) tempering of joints made from MART steels (advanced high strength martensitic steel) – a phenomenon that exceedingly decreases the strength of the joints. The method for quality assessment of welded joints presented in this paper allows to extend the analysis of welding thermal conditions.

Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum AA-6061 Butt-Welded Joints

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay A. Kardak ◽  
M. A. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Weld Heat

Aluminum alloys because of their high strength to weight ratio have various applications as structural material in railways, ship building, aeronautics, construction, and consumer appliances. This increased use of aluminum alloys calls for more efficient and reliable welding processes which has always represented a great challenge for designers and technologists. AA-6061 Aluminum Alloy (Al-Mg-Si) is widely used in the aircraft industry and has gathered wider acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures. The preferred welding process for this alloy is Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process due to their comparatively easier applicability, high yield, and better economy. Major difficulties are associated with this type of welding process, such as, the presence of tenacious oxide layer, high coefficient of thermal expansion, solidification shrinkage, solubility of hydrogen, and other gases in the molten state. Furthermore, problems such as decay of mechanical properties due to phase transformation and softening can occur in the heat-affected-zone (HAZ). Post weld heat treatment can be used to improve the strength of the HAZ for heat-treatable alloys like AA-6061. Hence, the major objectives of this work was to conduct a systematic study and gain an in-depth understanding of the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of these joints on tensile properties, micro hardness, microstructure, and fracture surface morphology of butt-welded joints. It was found that of all the PWHT processes, Age-hardening (AH) resulted in superior mechanical properties and hardness. The reason for this enhanced strength has also been studied from metallurgical point of view. Microstructure and fracture surface of the tensile tested specimens were studied using light microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Correlation has been drawn between the tensile test results, microhardness and the metallurgical results. It was found that the uniformly dense precipitation of fine Mg2Si, and the lack of precipitate-free zone could be the reason for the superior results found.

scholarly journals The Welding Processes of Rolled Homogeneous Armour Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Armour Steel

Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA) steel is known as protective steel and it is utilized in a military vehicle, For example tanks, howitzers, heavily clad battle vehicles just as developments in armament. Weld quality straight forwardly decides the entire mechanical properties of the protective steel in vehicle body structures. Hybrid Optical Maser Arc welding (HOMAW) has a decent mechanical property and focal point of this exploration is considered to recover more energy than laser and Metal Active Gas Welding (MAGW) process. Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) with low hydrogen ferritic filler (LHF) which performs better weldability on Armour steels with comparing MMAW with Austenitic stainless steel (ASS), and Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) with ASS/LHF. MMAW procedure is considered to reduce the expense through LHF consumable in workplace. The examination of MAGW method, a welding fringe of 54o V-narrow cut geometry has better mechanical property for tensile strength and also the welding narrow cut point of 48o X-trench cut geometry has better solution for compression strength of butt-joint Armour steel. This survey was embraced to grant a top-level view of the various categories of welding process and mechanical properties in welding of RHA steels.

Prediction of heat affected zone and other mechanical properties of welded joints of HSLA A588-B of jet blast deflector

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Waghmare ◽  
A.S. Dhoble ◽  
Ravindra Taiwade ◽  
Jagesvar Verma ◽  
Himanshu Vashishtha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict and optimize the width of heat affected zone (HAZ) with better mechanical properties using suitable welding process and parameters for the fabrication of jet blast deflector (JBD) (high strength low alloy material of grade A588-B was used for fabrication) so that the JBD can sustain high exhaust parameters, because there are different welding zones formed due to the rapid cooling of weld metals. Out of the various zones of welding, HAZ remains the weakest zone in the entire weldment. Design/methodology/approach The present work describes the modeling, simulation, Modeling of three-dimensional plate and mess generation process are carried out using ICEM CFD software. FLUENT 16.0 software is used for ANSYS simulation where various models are used for analysis and results are validated with the experimental outcomes. High strength low alloy plates are welded by using shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes with two different electrodes. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for metallurgical study. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength test, vickers microhardness test and impact test. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by performing the potentiodynamic polarization test. Findings The present study indicated for better mechanical properties and improved corrosion resistance for TIG welded joints with type 308 L filler. Practical implications In aeronautical, defense, space and research organizations. Originality/value It can be shown from the scanning electron microscope technique that sound weld joint is produced with very good mechanical properties and joint also showed better corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5083 and AA6061 Aluminium Alloys

Mechanika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Sasi Lakshmikhanth RAJASEELAN ◽  
Subbaiah KUMARASAMY
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir

Solidification is one of the major issues that was faced during the fusion welding of dissimilar non-heat treatable and heat treatable aluminium alloys. To overcome this issue Friction Stir Welding played a very vital role, since it is a solid state welding process. In the current study, dissimilar friction stir welding was carried out between non heat-treatable aluminium alloy AA5083-H111 and heat-treatable aluminium alloy AA6061-T6. The microstructural analysis and the mechanical properties of the dissimilar friction stir welded aluminium alloy AA5083-H111 and AA6061-T6 have been investigated. Both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructural features. The elemental analysis was carried out using SEM-EDX. The tensile properties are studied using Universal Testing Machine. Hardness at various zones of the welded joints was measured using Vicker’s Hardness Testing Machine. The mechanical properties of the friction stir welded joints were correlated with the microstructure of the dissimilar welded joints.

scholarly journals Comparative investigation of friction stir welding and fusion welding of 6061 T6 – 5083 O aluminum alloy based on mechanical properties and microstructure

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jannet ◽  
P.K. Mathews ◽  
R. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fusion Welded Joints

Abstract This paper compares, the mechanical properties of welded joints 6061 T6 and 5083 O aluminium alloys obtained using friction stir welding (FSW) at four rotation speeds namely 450,560,710 and 900 rpm and that by conventional fusion welding. FSW welds were carried out on a milling machine. The performance of FSW and Fusion welded joints were identified using tensile test, hardness test and microstructure. The properties of FSW and fusion welded processes were also compared with each other to understand the advantages and disadvantages of these processes for welding applications for Al alloys. It was seen that the tensile strength obtained with FSW was higher as compared to conventional fusion welding process. The width of the heat affected zone of FSW was narrower than Fusion welded joints. The results showed that FSW improved the mechanical properties of welded joints.

scholarly journals Comparison of Properties and Bead Geometry in MIG and CMT Single Layer Samples for WAAM Applications

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Harley Stinson ◽  
Richard Ward ◽  
Justin Quinn ◽  
Cormac McGarrigle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Mode

The process of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) utilizes arc welding technology to fabricate metallic components by depositing material in a selective layered fashion. Several welding processes exist that can achieve this layered deposition strategy. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) derived processes are commonly favored for their high deposition rates (1–4 kg/h) and minimal torch reorientation required during deposition. A range of GMAW processes are available; all of which have different material transfer modes and thermal energy input ranges and the resultant metallic structures formed from these processes can vary in their mechanical properties and morphology. This work will investigate single-layer deposition and vary the process parameters and process mode to observe responses in mechanical properties, bead geometry and deposition rate. The process modes selected for this study were GMAW derived process of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT). Characterization of parameter sets revealed relationships between torch travel speeds, wire feed speeds and the specimen properties and proportions. Differences were observed in the cross-sectional bead geometry and deposition rates when comparing MIG and CMT samples though the influence of process mode on mechanical properties was less significant compared to process parameter selection.

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