Effect of Temperature on the Geological Sequestration of CO2 in a Layered Carbonate Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar ◽  
Scott W. Campbell ◽  
Jeffrey A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
Geological Sequestration ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Solubility Trapping

Abstract Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising technologies for large-scale CO2 mitigation. Temperature can play a significant role in the ensuing geochemistry, affecting equilibria in a multicomponent system and impacting reactive transport processes. The objectives of this study are to quantify the effect of temperature on storage efficiency, solubility trapping of CO2, pH of residual brine, and changes in the mineralogy and porosity. Using toughreact 3.3 (a reactive transport simulator), we have simulated the injection of CO2 into a heterogeneous layered carbonate formation for a period of 50 years, followed by a 50-year equilibration period with no injection. Mineralogy and physical properties of the simulated aquifer are based on a dolomitic limestone aquifer located within the South Florida Basin. Simulations were conducted for seven values of temperature. Density of supercritical CO2 decreases with an increase in temperature, which leads to higher buoyancy at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the storage efficiency of the aquifer decreases as temperature increases. Simulation results indicate that an increase in temperature from 35 °C to 95 °C results in a 35% decrease in storage efficiency. However, surprisingly, solubility trapping of CO2 increases with an increase in temperature because the interfacial area increases with temperature. Temperature effects on pH and on porosity change (due to mineral dissolution and precipitation) are small. The study can be helpful in screening a reservoir for geological carbon storage based on the formation temperature.

Reactive Geochemical Flow Modeling With CT Scanned Rock Fractures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Crandall ◽  
Hang Wen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Alexandra Hakala
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Rock Matrix ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Aperture Distribution

Obtaining quality three-dimensional geometries of fractures in a natural medium, such as rock, is a non-trivial task. This paper describes how several geothermal fractured rocks were scanned using computed tomography (CT), the reconstruction procedure to generate the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the fractured rock, and the methodology for isolating the fracture from the CT scan. A conversion process to capture the relevant geometric features of the fracture is then discussed. The scanned aperture distribution was then used to simulate the reactive flow and transport processes using a reactive transport code CrunchFlow. The accurate use of CT images in fluid flow models within complex structures allows detailed understanding on how the aperture distribution affects mineral dissolution and fracture property evolution during the EGS process. Our preliminary simulation results show the formation of the preferential flow in zones with larger apertures, which led to higher calcite dissolution rates and even larger aperture size over time in these zones. Because calcite only occupied 10% of the solid phase, its dissolution did not completely open up the aperture because other relatively non-reactive minerals (clay and quartz) remained. The traditional measure of mechanical aperture could not take into account the partial increase in void space in the rock matrix and underestimated the increase in average aperture. The chemical and hydraulic apertures, which explicitly take into account changes in mineral volumes in the rock matrix, relate better to the overall change in the effective permeability of the sample.

Effect of Temperature on Surfactant Adsorption in Porous Media

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Ziegler ◽  
Lyman L. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Surfactant Adsorption ◽  
Thermal Stabilities

Abstract The effect of temperature on the adsorption of asulfonate surfactant and a nonionic surfactant ontocrushed Berea sandstone was studied by both staticand dynamic techniques. Static experiments were conducted over atemperature range from 25 to 95 degrees C to definetemperature-sensitive rock/surfactant systems and toestablish the shape of the equilibrium isotherm.Dynamic experiments served to reinforce the findingsof the static tests and extended the temperature rangefor sorption to 80 degrees C. This is a typicalsteamflood temperature. A mathematical model thatincorporates the mass transport, thermal degradation, and rate-dependent adsorption of the surfactantrepresented these dynamic results. The model wasused to determine the effect of temperature on the sorption rate constants. Mineral dissolution at elevated temperatures hasbeen found to cause precipitation of the sulfonate.Adsorption of the nonionic surfactant decreased withan increase in temperature at low concentrations, whereas the opposite was true at high concentrations.This has favorable implications for a low-concentration injection scheme. When performingstatic adsorption experiments, care had to be takenbecause of the poor thermal stability of the nonionic surfactant. Introduction Injection of surfactants concurrently with steam intooil-bearing reservoirs has been proposed recentlyto improve the recovery efficiency of the steam-driveprocess. From the behavior of chemical additivespreviously used in steamfloods, it is anticipated thatthe injected surfactant will travel through thatportion of the reservoir being flooded by hot water. Oil recovery can be increased if the surfactanteffectively reduces the residual oil saturation withinthis hot-water zone. For concurrent surfactant/steam injection to be technically attractive, a synergisticeffect between the surfactant and temperature isdesired. In our concept of the process, the surfactant mustmove in the heated portion of the reservoir and beable to function as an effective recovery agent atelevated temperatures for prolonged periods of time.Surfactant screening, therefore, requires thisinformation:surfactant stability under steamfloodconditions,temperature effects on the interfacial tension (IFT) between the reservoir oil and aqueoussurfactant,an evaluation of the effect oftemperature on surfactant flood performance, andthe effect of temperature on surfactant adsorption atthe water/solid interface. Handy et al. reported the thermal stabilities ofseveral classes of surfactants. Hill et al. showed thattemperature can have a dramatic effect in reducingthe IFT between crude oil and an aqueous sulfonatesystem. Handy et al. saw a similar temperatureeffect for a nonionic-surfactant/crude-oil system. Itappears, therefore, that the required synergismbetween temperature and surface activity necessaryfor concurrent surfactant/steam injection exists.Surfactant core floods are required to evaluate theeffect of temperature on oil recovery. Finally, toensure that the surfactant moves in the heatedportion of the reservoir, it is necessary to determinethe effect of temperature on adsorption. SPEJ P. 218^

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

Porous media as a canvas for hydro-bio-geo-chemical processes: Facing the challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Sanchez-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Music Production ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Large Research

<p>The more we study flow and transport processes in porous media, the larger the number of questions that arise. Heterogeneity, uncertainty, multidisciplinarity, and interdisciplinarity are key words that make our live as researchers miserable… and interesting. There are many ways of facing complexity; this is equivalent as deciding what colors and textures to consider when being placed in front of a fresh canvas, or what are the sounds to include and combine in a music production. You can try to get as much as you can from one discipline, using very sophisticated state-of-the-art models. On the other hand, you can choose to bring to any given problem a number of disciplines, maybe having to sacrifice deepness in exchange of the better good of yet still sophisticated multifaceted solutions. There are quite a number of examples of the latter approach. In this talk, I will present a few of those, eventually concentrating in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) practices. This technology involves water resources from a myriad of perspectives, covering from climate change to legislation, from social awareness to reactive transport, from toxicological issues to biofilm formation, from circular economy to emerging compounds, from research to pure technological developments, and more. All of these elements deserve our attention as researchers, and we cannot pretend to master all of them. Integration, development of large research groups, open science are words that will appear in this talk. So does mathematics, and physics, and geochemistry, and organic chemistry, and biology. In any given hydrogeological problem you might need to combine equations, statistics, experiments, field work, and modeling; expect all of them in this talk. As groundwater complexity keeps amazing and mesmerizing me, do not expect solutions being provided, just anticipate more and more challenging research questions being asked.</p>

Assessment of groundwater contamination by chlorpyrifos using the PWC model in Valencia Region (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pérez Indoval ◽  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
Eduardo Cassiraga
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Mass Transport Equation

<p>Chlorpyrifos is commoly used as an pesticide to control weeds and prevent nondesirable grow of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite its highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of this kind of pesticide in the groundwater is not commonly done in real situations. Predicting the fate of pesticides released into the natural environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize adverse effects both at close and long distances from the contamination source. A number of models have been developed to predict the behavior, mobility, and persistence of pesticides. These models should account for key hydrological and agricultural processes, such as crop growth, pesticide application patterns, transformation processes and field management practices.</p><p>This work shows results obtained by the Pesticide Water Calculator (PWC) model to simulate the behavior of chlorpyrifos. PWC model is used as a standard pesticide simulation model in USA and in this work it has been used to  simulate the fate and transport of chlorpyrifos in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer. The model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. PWC is used to estimate the daily concentrations of chlorpyrifos in the Buñol-Cheste aquifer in Valencia Region(Spain).</p><p>A whole set of simulation scenarios have been designed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. Results of the PWC model obtained in this study represents a crucial first step towards the development of a pesticide risk assessment in Valencia Region. Results show that numerical simulation is a valid tool for the analysis and prediction of the fate  and transport of pesticides in the groundwater.</p>

scholarly journals Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part II: Temperature–Salinity Relations and Cross-Shelf Transport Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Barkan ◽  
James C. McWilliams ◽  
M. Jeroen Molemaker ◽  
Jun Choi ◽  
Kaushik Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Available Potential Energy

AbstractThis paper, the second of three, investigates submesoscale dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico under the influence of the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River system, using numerical simulations at 500-m horizontal resolution with climatological atmospheric forcing. The Turner angle Tu, a measure of the relative effect of temperature and salinity on density, is examined with respect to submesoscale current generation in runs with and without riverine forcing. Surface Tu probability density functions in solutions including rivers show a temperature-dominated signal offshore, associated with Loop Current water, and a nearshore salinity-dominated signal, associated with fresh river water, without a clear compensating signal, as often found instead in the ocean’s mixed layer. The corresponding probability distribution functions in the absence of rivers differ, illustrating the key role played by the freshwater output in determining temperature–salinity distributions in the northern Gulf of Mexico during both winter and summer. A quantity referred to as temperature–salinity covariance is proposed to determine what fraction of the available potential energy that is released during the generation of submesoscale circulations leads to the destruction of density gradients while leaving spice gradients untouched, thereby leading to compensation. It is shown that the fresh river fronts to the east of the Bird’s Foot can evolve toward compensation in concert with a gradual release of available potential energy. It is further demonstrated that, during winter, the cross-shelf freshwater transport mechanism to the west of the Bird’s Foot is well approximated by a diffusive process, whereas to the east is better represented by a ballistic process associated with the Mississippi water that converges in a jetlike pattern.

The Interaction of Temperature and Bending Load on Structural Performance of Chinese Larch Wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Hai Bin Zhou ◽  
Chuan Shuang Hu ◽  
Jian Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Stress Levels

Wood is being used extensively in timber construction in China. In fire-resistant design for timber construction, the main goal is to ensure that enough structural integrity is maintained during a fire to prevent structure collapse. It is important to understand its structural performance when exposed to elevated temperatures and loaded by stress levels. To study the interaction effect of Chinese larch wood, a total of 72 small clear wood samples were observed under constant stress levels when the wood temperature was elevated. The results indicated that Chinese larch wood was more susceptible to the coupling effect of temperature and stress. The interaction promoted a temporary stable flexural structure to collapse during a short exposure time.

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Period on the Geochemical Evolution of a Compressed Energy Storage System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidera O. Iloejesi ◽  
Lauren E. Beckingham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Storage Zone

Subsurface porous aquifers are being considered for use as reservoirs for compressed energy storage of renewable energy. In these systems, a gas is injected during times in which production exceeds demand and extracted for energy generation during periods of peak demand or scarcity in production. Current operational subsurface energy facilities use salt caverns for storage and air as the working gas. CO2 is potentially a more favorable choice of working gas where under storage conditions CO2 has high compressibility which can improve operational efficiency. However, the interaction of CO2 and brine at the boundary of the storage zone can produce a chemically active fluid which can result in mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions and alter the properties of the storage zone. This study seeks to understand the geochemical implications of utilization of CO2 as a working gas during injection, storage and extraction flow cycles. Here, reactive transport simulations are developed based on 7 h of injection, 11 h of withdrawal and 6 h of reservoir closure, corresponding to the schedule of the Pittsfield field test, for 15 years of operational life span to assess the geochemical evolution of the reservoir. The evolution in the storage system is compared to a continuously cyclic system of 12 h injection and extraction. The result of the study on operational schedule show that mineral reactivity occurs at the inlet of the domain. Furthermore, the porosity of the inner domain is preserved during the cycling of CO2 acidified brine for both systems.

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