Heat Transfer in a Rib Turbulated Pin Fin Array for Trailing Edge Cooling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Marcel Otto ◽  
Jayanta Kapat ◽  
Mark Ricklick ◽  
Shantanu Mhetras
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Thermochromic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
Rib Turbulators ◽  
Pin Fin Array

Abstract Ribs were added into a pin fin array for a uniquely new cooling concept enabled through additive manufacturing. Both heat transfer mechanisms are highly non-linear; thus, cannot be superimposed. Heat transfer measurements are obtained using the thermochromic liquid crystal technique in a trapezoidal duct with pin fins and rib turbulators. Three pin blockage ratios and four rib heights at Reynolds numbers between 40,000 and 106,000 were tested. The Nusselt number augmentation is generally higher at the longer base of the trapezoidal duct. The same high heat transfer trend is seen at the columns closer to the longer base of the trapezoidal duct than on the shorter base. Through the length of the duct, the flow shifts from the nose region to the larger opening on the opposite wall. Also, it is observed that increasing the blockage ratio as well as increasing the rib height, has a positive impact on heat transfer as ribs act as additional extended surfaces and alter the near-wall flow field. The heat transfer augmentation of pins and ribs is found to not be equal to the sum of both. The observed heat transfer augmentation of the combined cases exceeded over the rib and pin only cases by up to 100%, but the weighted friction factor also doubled. The combination of ribs and pins is an excellent concept to achieve more uniform cooling over an array at higher levels when pressure drop is not of concern.

Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Flow Passage With Long Pin Fins and Improving Heat Transfer Coefficient by Adding Turbulence Promoters on a Endwall

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takeishi ◽  
T. Nakae ◽  
K. Watanabe ◽  
M. Hirayama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Vanes ◽  
Pin Fins

Pin fins are normally used for cooling the trailing edge region of a turbine, where their aspect ratio (height H/diameter D) is characteristically low. In small turbine vanes and blades, however, pin fins may also be located in the middle region of the airfoil. In this case, the aspect ratio can be quite large, usually obtaining values greater than 4. Heat transfer tests, which are conducted under atmospheric conditions for the cooling design of turbine vanes and blades, may overestimate the heat transfer coefficient of the pin-finned flow channel for such long pin fins. The fin efficiency of a long pin fin is almost unity in a low heat transfer situation as it would be encountered under atmospheric conditions, but can be considerably lower under high heat transfer conditions and for pin fins made of low thermal conductivity material. A series of tests with corresponding heat transfer models has been conducted in order to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of the long pin-finned flow channel. It is assumed that heat transfer coefficients can be predicted by the linear combination of two heat transfer equations, which were separately developed for the pin fin surface and for tubes in crossflow. To confirm the suggested combined equations, experiments have been carried out, in which the aspect ratio and the thermal conductivity of the pin were the test parameters. To maintain a high heat transfer coefficient for a long pin fin under high-pressure conditions, the heat transfer was augmented by adding a turbulence promoter on the pin-finned endwall surface. A corresponding equation that describes this situation has been developed. The predicted and measured values showed good agreement. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the heat transfer of a long pin-fin array will be presented.

Heat Transfer in Trailing Edge Wedge-Shaped Pin-Fin Channels With Slot Ejection Under High Rotation Numbers

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh P. Rallabandi ◽  
Yao-Hsien Liu ◽  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Rotation Numbers ◽  
Smooth Channel ◽  
Pin Fins

The heat transfer characteristics of a rotating pin-fin roughened wedge-shaped channel have been studied. The model incorporates ejection through slots machined on the narrower end of the wedge, simulating a rotor blade trailing edge. The copper plate regional average method is used to determine the heat transfer coefficient; pressure taps have been used to estimate the flow discharged through each slot. Tests have been conducted at high rotation (≈1) and buoyancy (≈2) numbers, in a pressurized rotating rig. Reynolds numbers investigated range from 10,000 to 40,000 and inlet rotation numbers range from 0 to 0.8. Pin-fins studied are made of copper. Results show high heat transfer in the proximity of the slot. A significant enhancement in heat transfer due to the pin-fins, compared with a smooth channel, is observed. Results also show a strong rotation effect, increasing significantly the heat transfer on the trailing surface and reducing the heat transfer on the leading surface.

Effect of Corrugated Orifice and Pin-Fin on Multiple Array Impingement Cooling With Low Nozzle to Target Distance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Weihong Li ◽  
Zhongran Chi ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Hongde Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
Heat Transfer Simulation

Impingement cooling is widely used in turbine vanes and combustors. With the increase of turbine inlet temperature, high heat transfer coefficient and low pressure drop are required for cooling structures. A series of new impingement configurations combined with corrugated orifice and pin-fins were developed in the present work. Both transient liquid crystal (TLC) and pressure measurement were applied on the impingement cooling structures. A 3D numerical method was also used for conjugate heat transfer simulation. Corrugated orifice helps decrease the pressure drop by decreasing the speed of cross flow. Experimental data show that, corrugated orifice is helpful in reducing pin-fin induced pressure drop but contributes little to heat transfer. Pin-fins increases both the heat transfer and pressure drop lightly. Conjugate heat transfer simulation shows that pin-fins significantly reduce the metal temperature by conduction. Structures with pin-fins can make a good use of the large surface area of corrugated orifices.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer From Low Aspect Ratio Pin Fins

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Lyall ◽  
Alan A. Thrift ◽  
Atul Kohli ◽  
Karen A. Thole
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Low Aspect Ratio ◽  
Pin Fins

The performance of many engineering devices from power electronics to gas turbines is limited by thermal management. Heat transfer augmentation in internal flows is commonly achieved through the use of pin fins, which increase both surface area and turbulence. The present research is focused on internal cooling of turbine airfoils using a single row of circular pin fins that is oriented perpendicular to the flow. Low aspect ratio pin fins were studied whereby the channel height to pin diameter was unity. A number of spanwise spacings were investigated for a Reynolds number range between 5000 to 30,000. Both pressure drop and spatially-resolved heat transfer measurements were taken. The heat transfer measurements were made on the endwall of the pin fin array using infrared thermography and on the pin surface using discrete thermocouples. The results show that the heat transfer augmentation relative to open channel flow is the highest for smallest spanwise spacings and lowest Reynolds numbers. The results also indicate that the pin fin heat transfer is higher than the endwall heat transfer.

Row Removal Heat Transfer Study for Pin Fin Arrays

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Kirsch ◽  
Jason K. Ostanek ◽  
Karen A. Thole ◽  
Eleanor Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Pin Fin Arrays ◽  
Transfer Study

Arrays of variably-spaced pin fins are used as a conventional means to conduct and convect heat from internal turbine surfaces. The most common pin shape for this purpose is a circular cylinder. Literature has shown that beyond the first few rows of pin fins, the heat transfer augmentation in the array levels off and slightly decreases. This paper provides experimental results from two studies seeking to understand the effects of gaps in pin spacing (row removals) and alternative pin geometries placed in these gaps. The alternative pin geometries included large cylindrical pins and oblong pins with different aspect ratios. Results from the row removal study at high Reynolds number showed that when rows four through eight were removed, the flow returned to a fully-developed channel flow in the gap between pin rows. When larger alternative geometries replaced the fourth row, heat transfer increased further downstream into the array.

Investigation of a Split-Dimple Fin Geometry for Heat Transfer Augmentation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Elyyan ◽  
Danesh K. Tafti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Heat Conductance ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Statistics

The use of an interrupted plate fin with surface roughness in the form of split-dimples is investigated. Time-dependent high-fidelity simulations are conducted for laminar, early turbulent, and fully turbulent flows, ReH = 360, 800, and 2000. Detailed analysis of the domain’s flow structure, turbulent statistics, and heat transfer distribution is presented. Regions of high heat transfer occur at the fin and protrusion leading edges, at flow impingement on the protrusion faces, and flow acceleration region between protrusions. Flow separation and large wakes induced by the large protruding surfaces of the split-dimples, increase friction losses and reduce heat transfer from the fin. The split-dimple fin has a heat conductance 60–175% higher than that of the plate fin, but at 4–8 times the pressure drop.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Augmentation by Different Jet Impingement Hole Shapes Under Maximum Crossflow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Bharath Viswanath Ravi ◽  
Srinath Ekkad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
High Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Loads

To achieve higher overall efficiency in gas turbine engines, hot gas path components are subjected to high heat transfer loads due to higher turbine inlet temperatures. Jet impingement has been extensively used especially as an internal cooling technique in the leading edge and mid-chord region of first stage vanes, which are subjected to highest heat loads. With the advent of additive manufacturing methods such as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), designers are not limited to designing round or race track holes for impingement. The present study is focused on exploring new jet hole shapes, in an arrangement, typical of mid-chord region in a double wall cooling configuration. Transient liquid crystal experiments are carried out to study heat transfer augmentation by jet impingement on smooth target where the spent air is allowed to exit in one direction, thus imposing maximum crossflow condition. The averaged Reynolds number (based on jet hydraulic diameter) is varied from 2500 to 10000. The jet plate has a square array of jets with 7 jets in one row (total number of jets = 49), featuring hole shapes — Racetrack and V, where the baseline case is the round hole. The non-dimensional streamwise (x/dj) and spanwise (y/dj) spacing is 6 and the normalized jet-to-target-plate spacing (z/dj) is 4 and the nozzle aspect ratio (L/dj) is also 4. The criteria for the hole shape design was to keep the effective area of different hole shapes to be the same, which resulted in slightly different hydraulic diameters. The jet-to-target plate spacing (z) has been adjusted accordingly so as to maintain a uniform z/dj of 4, across all three configurations studied. Heat transfer coefficients are measured using a transient Liquid Crystal technique employing a one-dimensional semi-infinite model. Flow experiments are carried out to measure static pressures in the plenum chamber, to calculate the discharge coefficient, for a range of plenum absolute pressure-to-ambient pressure ratios. Detailed normalized Nusselt number contours have been presented, to identify the regions of high heat transfer augmentation locally, so as to help the designers in the organization of jet hole shapes and their patterns in an airfoil depending upon the active heat loads.

Heat Transfer Enhancement From a Blade Tip-Cap Using Metal Foams

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Sengstock ◽  
Kamel Hooman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Plate Temperature ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Smooth Channel ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Spot Temperature

3D numerical results are presented to compare the heat transfer augmentation from a plate by using pin fins and metal foams. It is observed that maximizing the inlet velocity and pores per inch maximizes the overall heat transfer rate. The thickness of the foam layer has minimal effect on overall rates of heat transfer, but great effect on the maximum plate temperature. It has been shown that an optimum thickness exists which minimizes the hot spot temperature. Hot spots are generally located in the corners where velocities are the lowest. While the pressure drop remains almost unaltered, the heat transfer increases by 146% and 12% compared with a smooth channel and the optimal pin-fin data available in the literature, respectively. Interestingly, the additional mass of the foams, to achieve this performance, is approximately one-quarter of the best pin-fin sink quoted above.

Effect of Radial Location of Nozzles on Heat Transfer in Preswirl Cooling Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. U. Kakade ◽  
G. D. Lock ◽  
M. Wilson ◽  
J. M. Owen ◽  
J. E. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Thermochromic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Disk System ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Measure Surface Temperature ◽  
High Heat Transfer

This paper investigates heat transfer in a rotating disk system using preswirled cooling air from nozzles at high and low radius. The experiments were conducted over a range of rotational speeds, flow rates, and preswirl ratios. Narrow-band thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) was specifically calibrated for application to experiments on a disk, rotating at ∼5000 rpm and subsequently used to measure surface temperature in a transient experiment. The TLC was viewed through the transparent polycarbonate disk using a digital video camera and strobe light synchronized to the disk frequency. The convective heat transfer coefficient h was subsequently calculated from the one-dimensional solution of Fourier's conduction equation for a semi-infinite wall. The analysis was accounted for the exponential rise in the air temperature driving the heat transfer, and for the experimental uncertainties in the measured values of h. The experimental data was supported by “flow visualization,” determined from CFD. Two heat transfer regimes were revealed for the low-radius preswirl system: a viscous regime at relatively low coolant flow rates, and an inertial regime at higher flow rates. Both regimes featured regions of high heat transfer where thin, boundary layers replaced air exiting through receiver holes at high radius on the rotating disk. The heat transfer in the high-radius preswirl system was shown to be dominated by impingement under the flow conditions tested.

Influence of Rib Turbulators on Pin-Fin Heat Transfer in the Trailing Region of Gas Turbine Vane: A Numerical Study

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kulasekharan ◽  
B. V. S. S. S. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flux Boundary Condition ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Pin Fins ◽  
Rib Turbulators

A numerical investigation is carried out for estimating the influence of rib turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop of staggered non-uniform pin-fin arrays of different shapes, in a simulated cambered vane trailing region. Pin-fins of square, circular and the diamond shapes, each of two sizes (d) were chosen. The ratio of span-wise pitch to longitudinal pitch is 1.06 and that to the pin size are 4.25 and 3.03, for all pin shapes. A constant heat flux boundary condition is assumed over the coolant channel walls, rib surfaces and circumferential faces of the pin-fins. Reynolds number is varied (20,000<ReD<40,000) by changing the coolant outlet to inlet pressure ratio. Pin end-wall and pin surface averaged heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers are estimated and detailed contours of heat transfer coefficient on both the pressure and suction surfaces are presented. Whilst there is an enhancement in heat transfer and pressure drop with ribs for all the pin shapes, diamond pins have shown the highest enhancement values for both ribbed and non-ribbed configuration.

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