Development of Borsic®-Aluminum Composite Fan Blades for Supersonic Turbofan Engines

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Schulz ◽  
J. A. Mangiapane ◽  
H. Stargardter
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Turbofan Engines ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Temperature Application ◽  
Design Speed

The development of BORSIC®-Aluminum fan blades for elevated temperature application in gas-turbine power plants has been successfully demonstrated. These fan blades are over 40 percent lighter than the titanium blades currently in use. In addition, the high modulus of the reinforcement allows fan blades to be designed without partspan shrouds which will result in a 1 percent increase in fan efficiency. A full set of blades (36) fabricated by diffusion bonding were assembled in a rotor and tested in an aeromechanical rig with both a clean inlet and a distortion inlet at ambient inlet temperature as well as with a heated inlet to produce a blade temperature of 430 F. Total running time was 30.3 hrs, eight of which were at or above design speed. The rig ran for 0.5 hrs at design speed with a blade temperature of 430 F. No severe vibratory stresses were encountered with either a clean inlet or a 2E distortion screen.

Optimal Gas-Turbine Design for Hybrid Solar Power Plant Operation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Spelling ◽  
Björn Laumert ◽  
Torsten Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
A Minor

A dynamic simulation model of a hybrid solar gas-turbine power plant has been developed, allowing determination of its thermodynamic and economic performance. In order to examine optimum gas-turbine designs for hybrid solar power plants, multi-objective thermoeconomic analysis has been performed, with two conflicting objectives: minimum levelized electricity costs and minimum specific CO2 emissions. Optimum cycle conditions: pressure-ratio, receiver temperature, turbine inlet temperature and flow rate, have been identified for a 15 MWe gas-turbine under different degrees of solarization. At moderate solar shares, the hybrid solar gas-turbine concept was shown to provide significant water and CO2 savings with only a minor increase in the levelized electricity cost.

scholarly journals Coal Mine Methane Utilization in Gas Turbine Units for Electricity and Heat Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кулаков ◽  
D. Kulakov ◽  
Щёголев ◽  
N. Shchegolev ◽  
Тумашев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Coal Mine Methane ◽  
Wide Range

Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are: 2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit. The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the ecological situation in the region.

Effect of Deaerator Parameters on Simple and Reheat Gas/Steam Combined Cycle With Different Cooling Medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Maheshwari ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cooling Medium

Abstract Performance of gas/steam combined cycle power plants relies upon the performance exhibited by both gas based topping cycle and steam based bottoming cycle. Therefore, the measures for improving the performance of the gas turbine cycle and steam bottoming cycle eventually result in overall combined cycle performance enhancement. Gas turbine cooling medium affects the cooling efficacy. Amongst different parameters in the steam bottoming cycle, the deaerator parameter also plays its role in cycle performance. The present study analyzes the effect of deaerator’s operating pressure being varied from 1.6 bar to 2.2 bar in different configurations of simple and reheat gas/steam combined cycle with different cooling medium for fixed cycle pressure ratio of 40, turbine inlet temperature of 2000 K and ambient temperature of 303 K with varying ammonia mass fraction from 0.6 to 0.9. Analysis of the results obtained for different combined cycle configuration shows that for the simple gas turbine and reheat gas turbine-based configurations, the maximum work output of 643.78 kJ/kg of air and 730.87 kJ/kg of air respectively for ammonia mass fraction of 0.6, cycle efficiency of 54.55% and 53.14% respectively at ammonia mass fraction of 0.7 and second law efficiency of 59.71% and 57.95% respectively at ammonia mass fraction of 0.7 is obtained for the configuration having triple pressure HRVG with ammonia-water turbine at high pressure and intermediate pressure and steam turbine operating at deaerator pressure of 1.6 bar.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis With Different Means of Cooling in a Combined Cycle

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar Singh ◽  
R. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Topping Cycle

Combined cycle based power plants and their development and application for energy efficient base load power generation necessitates enforced cooling to maintain the topping cycle gas turbine blade temperature at permissible levels, attributed to the increased turbine inlet temperature and compressor pressure ratio, for the improved performance and reliability of combined cycle. The mathematical model based on expansion path inside gas turbine considering dilution of mainstream and aerodynamic mixing losses for a range of cooling medium has been developed based on internal, film, transpiration cooling technologies and a combination of these. It is found that the appreciation of a cycle configuration as well as the optimum pressure ratio and peak temperature vary significantly with types of cooling technology adopted. Steam cooling for rotor appears to be a very potential cooling medium, when employed with an appropriate cooling technology. This paper deals with the thermodynamic analysis of turbine cooling using, different means of cooling i.e. air, water and steam.

Research on Heat-Transfer and Cooling Performance of Gas Turbine Endwall

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Kakio ◽  
Y. Kawata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Horseshoe Vortex ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Cooling Performance

Recently, the number of gas turbine combined cycle plants is rapidly increasing in substitution of nuclear power plants. The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is being constantly increased in order to achieve higher efficiency. Therefore, the improvement of the cooling technology for high temperature gas turbine blades is one of the most important issue to be solved. In a gas turbine, the main flow impinging at the leading edge of the turbine blade generates a so called horseshoe vortex by the interaction of its boundary layer and generated pressure gradient at the leading edge. The pressure surface leg of this horseshoe vortex crosses the passage and reaches the blade suction surface, driven by the pressure gradient existing between two consecutive blades. In addition, this pressure gradient generates a crossflow along the endwall. This all results into a very complex flow field in proximity of the endwall. For this reason, burnouts tend to occur at a specific position in the vicinity of the leading edge. In this research, a methodology to cool the endwall of the turbine blade by means of film cooling jets from the blade surface is proposed. The cooling performance and heat transfer coefficient distribution is investigated using the transient thermography method. CFD analysis is also conducted to know the phenomena occurring at the end wall and calculate the heat transfer distribution.

scholarly journals Effect of Turbine and Compressor Inlet Temperatures and Air Bleeding on the Comparative Performance of Simple and Combined Gas Turbine Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Basharat Salim ◽  
Jamal Orfi ◽  
Shaker Saeed Alaqel
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Unit ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Unit ◽  
The World ◽  
Compressor Inlet

The proper utilization of all the available forms of energy resources has become imminent to meet the power requirement and energy demand in both the developed and developing countries of the world. Even though the emphasis is given to the renewable resources in most parts of the world, but fossil fuels will still remain the main resources of energy as these can meet both normal and peak demands. Saudi Arab has number of power plant based on natural gas and fuel that are spread in all its regions. These power plants have aeroderivative gas turbine units supplied by General Electric Company as main power producing units. These units work on dual fuel systems. These units work as simple gas turbine units to meat peak demands and as part of combined cycle otherwise. The subject matter of this study is the performance of one of the units of a power plant situated near Riyadh city of Saudi Arab. This unit also works both as simple gas turbine unit and as a part of combined cycle power plant unit. A parametric based performance evaluation of the unit has been carried out to study both energetic and exergetic performance of the unit for both simple and combined cycle operation. Effect of compressor inlet temperature, turbine inlet temperature, pressure ratio of the compressor, the stage from which bleed off air have been taken and percentage of bleed off air from the compressor on the energetic and exergetic performance of the unit have been studied. The study reveals that all these parameters effect the performance of the unit in both modes of operation.

CCPP Operational Flexibility Extension Below 30% Load Using Reheat Burner Switch-Off Concept

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Therkorn ◽  
Martin Gassner ◽  
Vincent Lonneux ◽  
Mengbin Zhang ◽  
Stefano Bernero
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
The Impact

Highly competitive and volatile energy markets are currently observed, as resulting from the increased use of intermittent renewable sources. Gas turbine combined cycle power plants (CCPP) owners therefore require reliable, flexible capacity with fast response time to the grid, while being compliant with environmental limitations. In response to these requirements, a new operation concept was developed to extend the operational flexibility by reducing the achievable Minimum Environmental Load (MEL), usually limited by increasing pollutant emissions. The developed concept exploits the unique feature of the GT24/26 sequential combustion architecture, where low part load operation is only limited by CO emissions produced by the reheat (SEV) burners. A significant reduction of CO below the legal limits in the Low Part Load (LPL) range is thereby achieved by individually switching the SEV burners with a new operation concept that allows to reduce load without needing to significantly reduce both local hot gas temperatures and CCPP efficiency. Comprehensive assessments of the impact on operation, emissions and lifetime were performed and accompanied by extensive testing with additional validation instrumentation. This has confirmed moderate temperature spreads in the downstream components, which is a benefit of sequential combustion technology due to the high inlet temperature into the SEV combustor. The following commercial implementation in the field has proven a reduction of MEL down to 26% plant load, corresponding to 18% gas turbine load. The extended operation range is emission compliant and provides frequency response capability at high plant efficiency. The experience accumulated over more than one year of successful commercial operation confirms the potential and reliability of the concept, which the customers are exploiting by regularly operating in the LPL range.

Selection of Gas Turbine With Minimum Flue Gas Emission

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Esna Ashari ◽  
V. Nayyeri ◽  
K. Sarabchee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Oil Refineries

Many factories in industry such as petrochemical plants, oil refineries and power plants need heat and power to support their process. This demand can be provided by a combined heat and power cycle (CHP) in the factory site. Some factories use gas turbine cycle to provide heat and power. Emissions from gas turbines, produced by burning fossil fuels in the combustion chambers, have important effects on air pollution. This is a significant problem in many developed and developing countries. Parameters such as inlet temperature and pressure ratio are the most effective parameters in gas turbine emission. By selecting an appropriate gas turbine, emission could be reduced to some extent. Further studies indicate that there is an optimum pressure ratio, which minimizes emissions.

Optimum Performance Improvements of the Combined Cycle Based on an Intercooler–Reheated Gas Turbine

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamir K. Ibrahim ◽  
M. M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The performance enhancements and modeling of the gas turbine (GT), together with the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant, are described in this study. The thermal analysis has proposed intercooler–reheated-GT (IHGT) configuration of the CCGT system, as well as the development of a simulation code and integrated model for exploiting the CCGT power plants performance, using the matlab code. The validation of a heavy-duty CCGT power plants performance is done through real power plants, namely, MARAFIQ CCGT plants in Saudi Arabia with satisfactory results. The results from this simulation show that the higher thermal efficiency of 56% MW, while high power output of 1640 MW, occurred in IHGT combined cycle plants (IHGTCC), having an optimal turbine inlet temperature about 1900 K. Furthermore, the CCGT system proposed in the study has improved power output by 94%. The results of optimization show that the IHGTCC has optimum power of 1860 MW and thermal efficiency of 59%. Therefore, the ambient temperatures and operation conditions of the CCGT strongly affect their performance. The optimum level of power and efficiency is seen at high turbine inlet temperatures and isentropic turbine efficiency. Thus, it can be understood that the models developed in this study are useful tools for estimating the CCGT power plant's performance.

Development of a Maintenance Program for Major Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Parts

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka ◽  
Tomoharu Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The thermal efficiency of gas turbine combined cycle power generation plants increase significantly in accordance with turbine inlet temperature. Gas turbine combined cycle power plants operating at high turbine inlet temperature are popular as a main thermal power station among our electric power companies in Japan. Thus, gas turbine hot gas parts are working under extreme conditions which will strongly affect their lifetime as well as maintenance costs for repaired and replaced parts. To reduce the latter is of major importance to enhance cost effectiveness of the plant. This report describes a gas turbine maintenance management program of main hot gas parts (combustor chambers, transition peices, turbine 1st. stage nozzles and 1st. stage buckets) for management persons of gas turbine combined cycle power stations in order to obtain an optimal gas turbine maintenance schedule considering rotation, repair and replacement or exchange of those parts.

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