scholarly journals Developments in Programmable Analog Control Systems

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dent ◽  
G. D. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Programmable Analog ◽  
Analog Control ◽  
Optimum Solution

The advantages of programmable control systems for gas turbine engines have been recognized for some time. In the exotic climate of the aerospace industry some progress has been achieved by the use of digital computer control. This approach, however, cannot be justifed on an economic basis for industrial or vehicular applications. A programmable analog control system is described which provides the optimum solution to the twin problems of control capability and low cost. The basic element of this system is an analog computer which is programmed from a stored digital program. This computer performs calculations directly on sensor signals in analog form to provide analog signals that can be used directly to drive the system actuators. This programmable analog computer is described in detail, and an example is given of its application to a practical gas turbine control system. The size, cost, and reliability of the final programmable analog control system is shown to be attractive.

Development of a PLC Based Controller for Marine Gas Turbine Generator

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrut Dilip Godbole ◽  
Ankush Gulati ◽  
Alok Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Marine Engineering

The advent of processor based controllers including the PLC has provided a low cost alternative for up gradation of control systems when faced with the challenges of maintenance and obsolescence. A project was undertaken at the Centre of Marine Engineering Technology of the Indian Navy to design, develop and test a PLC based controller for a Gas Turbine Generator as an alternative to the legacy relay logic based control system. The paper explains the methodology adopted towards the various stages of the development of the PLC based controller using Commercially-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) items. It also brings out the salient advantages offered as a result of this transformation.

scholarly journals PLC Based Multi Starter Control using Single Control System for Induction Motor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2515-2521
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
On Line

Most customarily used motor in the industries are induction motor due to its low cost, robustness and less maintenance. The change in the existing framework is necessary in order to make the motor more efficient one. This paper cast enlightenment about the PLC based 3 phase multi-starter control induction motor with energy efficient single control system. In order to start the engine's operation by its own power, starters are used. Various starters are available to initiate the 3-phase induction motor namely Direct On-line, Star-delta, autotransformer and rotor impedance. The employment of this PLC based techniques helps to increase the energy efficiency of the motor .The employability of PLC in this system is to help in the growth of automation. The hardware and software results of the multi starter control using single control systems are analysed

‘New Lamps for Old!’ A Method to Rejuvenate Old Robots through the Use of a Simple Set of Microcontroller-Based Control Boards to Replace Outdated Control Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brunn ◽  
A. W. Labib
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Welding Robot ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Simple Set

The paper describes the design, development, testing and use of a microcontroller- and PC-based control system which was used to repair and enhance an ASEA IRB6 welding robot in the authors' laboratory. The principles described could be applied to any robot of similar age and to provide a low-cost route to revitalise any working robot hardware that is limited by an outdated control system. The proposed approach addresses a problem within many manufacturing systems operating in industry.

Smart Combustors: Just Around the Corner

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Combustion Instabilities ◽  
Lean Blowout

This paper reviews the state of the art of active control systems (ACS) for gas turbine combustors. Specifically, it discusses the manner in which ACS can improve the performance of combustors, the architecture of such ACS, and the designs and promising performance of ACS that have been developed to control combustion instabilities, lean blowout and pattern factor. The paper closes with a discussion of research needs, with emphasis on the integration of utilized engine ACS, health monitoring and prognostication systems into a single control system that could survive in the harsh combustor environment.

A wall-climbing robot for labelling scale of oil tank's volume

Robotica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Xu ◽  
Peisun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Oil Tank

A Wall-Climbing Robot (WCR) with magnetic tracks is presented in this paper. The robot is designed for labeling the scale of oil tank.5 The Wall-Climbing Robot (WCR) uses a permanent magnet sucker as its sucking mode, and a track as its moving mode. We designed an elastic brace mechanism, a load-scatter mechanism and parallelogram mechanism to improve the robot's adaptability on the steel wall surface. The control system utilizes two-level computer control systems, achieving control of the robot's moving track and processing data collected by the robot.

Model Based Performance Correction Methodology — A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koldo Zuniga ◽  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Herve Clement ◽  
Joao Balaco
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Partial Load

Correction curves are of great importance in the performance evaluation of heavy duty gas turbines (HDGT). They provide the means by which to translate performance test results from test conditions to the rated conditions. The correction factors are usually calculated using the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) gas turbine thermal model (a.k.a. cycle deck), varying one parameter at a time throughout a given range of interest. For some parameters bi-variate effects are considered when the associated secondary performance effect of another variable is significant. Although this traditional approach has been widely accepted by the industry, has offered a simple and transparent means of correcting test results, and has provided a reasonably accurate correction methodology for gas turbines with conventional control systems, it neglects the associated interdependence of each correction parameter from the remaining parameters. Also, its inherently static nature is not well suited for today’s modern gas turbine control systems employing integral gas turbine aero-thermal models in the control system that continuously adapt the turbine’s operating parameters to the “as running” aero-thermal component performance characteristics. Accordingly, the most accurate means by which to correct the measured performance from test conditions to the guarantee conditions is by use of Model-Based Performance Corrections, in agreement with the current PTC-22 and ISO 2314, although not commonly used or accepted within the industry. The implementation of Model-based Corrections is presented for the Case Study of a GE 9FA gas turbine upgrade project, with an advanced model-based control system that accommodated a multitude of operating boundaries. Unique plant operating restrictions, coupled with its focus on partial load heat rate, presented a perfect scenario to employ Model-Based Performance Corrections.

User Interface Description of a Gas Turbine Control System

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreetharan ◽  
J. Fistere
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Operator Interface ◽  
Made In ◽  
Plant Control

Human factors must be given primary consideration in the design of today’s control systems. It is essential to take into account the characteristics of the human operator, the plant control requirements and the inherent characteristics of the control system. This paper discusses the objectives of the control interface development task for a turbomachinery microprocessor based control system. It discusses the design issues raised during development, the choices made in the early structuring of the system and selected implementation details that affect the operator interface. Subjects discussed include: • Overall Philosophy and Console Arrangement • Pushbutton vs Keyboard Functions • Video Display Philosophy and Organization • Ladder-Diagram Graphic Symbols • Keyboard Command Philosophy and Structure • Diagnostic Features and Maintainability

The Design and Implementation of a PLC Based Gas Turbine Controller for a Shipboard Application

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Tolotta
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flat Panel Display ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supervisory Control System

A paper will be presented describing the design and development of the Gas Turbine Local Controller replacement used on the Magnetic Minesweeping Gas Turbine Generator (MMGTG) on the US Navy MCM-1 Class of ships. The advent of processor based controllers including PLCs has provided a low cost alternative for control system upgrades when faced with increasing maintenance costs and obsolescence issues of analog and hard relay logic control systems. The replacement controller is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based system linked to a flat panel display and a supervisory control system. A MMGTG during pulsing operations applies a severe load transient cycle to the gas turbine for the fuel control to meet in a stable and safe manner. The algorithms which employ an adaptive Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) loop control structure with internal limiting constraints based on engine state are used to manage these transients, power turbine entry temperature and a wide range of steady state operation. The controller includes logic for alarming, start/stop and automatic shutdown. The design of the hardwired automatic shutdown logic integrated to the PLC will be presented. The control system design will be described in terms of its integration to a supervisory network, local control functionality and shipboard considerations. The Human Machine Interface screens of the flat panel display and their design are also considered.

Influence of Advancements in Gas Turbine Control Systems on Gas Turbine and Combined-Cycle Performance Test Correction Curves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher R. Banares ◽  
Benjamin D. Morlang ◽  
Matthew C. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Technical Accuracy

Many modern power plants feature gas turbines with advanced control systems that allow a greater level of performance enhancements, over a broader range of the combined-cycle plant’s operating environment, compared to conventional systems. Control system advancements tend to outpace a plant’s construction and commissioning timescale. Often, the control algorithms and settings in place at the final guarantee performance test will differ significantly from those envisioned during the contract agreement phase. As such, the gas turbine’s actual performance response to changes in boundary conditions, such as air temperature and air humidity, will be considerably different than the response illustrated on the initial correction curves. For the sake of technical accuracy, the performance correction curves should be updated to reflect the as-built, as-left behavior of the plant. By providing the most technically accurate curves, the needs of the new plant performance test are satisfied. Also, plant operators receive an accurate means to trend performance over time. The performance correction curves are intended to provide the most technically accurate assurance that the corrected test results are independent of boundary conditions that persist during the performance test. Therefore, after the gas turbine control algorithms and/or settings have been adjusted, the performance correction curves — whether specific to gas turbines or overall combined-cycle plants — should be updated to reflect any change in turbine response. This best practice maintains the highest level of technical accuracy. Failure to employ the available advanced gas turbine control system upgrades can limit the plant performance over the ambient operating regime. Failure to make a corresponding update to the correction curves can cause additional inaccuracy in the performance test’s corrected results. This paper presents a high-level discussion of GE’s recent gas turbine control system advancements, and emphasizes the need to update performance correction curves based on their impact.

Gas Turbine Common Issues, Failure Investigations, Root Cause Analyses, and Preventative Actions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Garner ◽  
Zuhair Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Root Cause

Gas turbines are a type of internal combustion engine and are used in a wide range of services powering aircraft of all types, as well as driving mechanical equipment such as pumps, compressors in the petrochemical industry, and generators in the electric utility industry. Similar to the reciprocating internal combustion engine in an automobile, energy (mechanical or electrical) is generated by the burning of a hydrocarbon fuel (i.e., jet fuel, diesel or natural gas). The core of a gas turbine engine is comprised of three main sections: the compressor section, the combustor section, and the turbine section. To ensure that a gas turbine operates safely, reliably, and with optimum performance, all gas turbines are provided with a control system designed either by the OEM or according to the OEM’s specification. The OEM-provided control systems will typically include complex and integrated subsystems such as (but not limited to): a graphic user interface, an engine management system (EMS or ECS), a safety related system (SRS), and a package control system (PCS) that may interface with a facilities’ existing computerized control systems. Any failure of the mechanical systems, electro-mechanical systems, or logic based control systems of a gas turbine can result in forced outage. A forced outage of a gas turbine, whether in a mechanical service, such as pipelines, or in either a simple cycle or combined cycle power generation installation results in a reduction of system availability and therefore a loss in revenue. The significant capital investment in a gas turbine system necessitates a high degree of reliability and system availability while reducing forced outages. A power plant can minimize occurrences of forced outages and optimize recovery of capacity by effectively combining proactive and reactive solutions. This paper will discuss both proactive and reactive programs as well as their implementation in order to answer the key questions that often surround an outage: How is outage time minimized while increasing reliability and system availability? What went wrong and who or what is responsible? How soon can the unit or the plant get back online? And what operational or maintenance considerations are needed to prevent a similar recurrence. Proactive approaches to be discussed include process hazard analyses (PHA) such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), hazard identification (HAZID), layer-of-protection analyses (LOPA), what-if analyses, and quantitative risk assessments (QRA) in addition to failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA); and failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). Reactive approaches to be discussed include various root cause analysis (RCA) and failure analysis (FA) techniques and methodologies such as fault-tree analysis. Case studies and some lessons learned will also be presented to illustrate the methods.

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