A Rotary Heat Exchanger for Automotive and Other Ground Based Gas Turbines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paul Day
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ongoing Development

This paper discusses the ongoing development of a ceramic regenerator for a high temperature automotive gas turbine engine sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. The ceramic gas turbine has a steady state gas inlet temperature of 774°C and a 982°C peak acceleration temperature which precludes the use of metallic discs. Ceramic materials have successfully operated to 982°C, with a peak acceleration temperature exceeding 1093°C. Ceramic regenerator temperature capability is currently limited by seal tribomaterial properties. The requirements of the ceramic regenerator, ceramic disc materials being evaluated, and the processing of these materials to obtain the required strength, chemical resistance, cost, including quality control are discussed. The status of the extruded regenerator program to date will also be described.

The AGT101 Advanced Automotive Gas Turbine

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rackley ◽  
J. R. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Turbine Engine

The Garrett/Ford Advanced Gas Turbine Powertrain System Development Project, authorized under NASA Contract DEN3-167, is sponsored by and is part of the United States Department of Energy Gas Turbine Highway Vehicle System Program. Program effort is oriented at providing the United States automotive industry the technology base necessary to produce gas turbine powertrains competitive for automotive applications having: (1) reduced fuel consumption, (2) multi-fuel capability, and (3) low emissions. The AGT101 powertrain is a 74.6 kW (100 hp), regenerated single-shaft gas turbine engine operating at a maximum turbine inlet temperature of 1644 K (2500 °F), coupled to a split differential gearbox and Ford automatic overdrive production transmission. The gas turbine engine has a single-stage centrifugal compressor and a single-stage radial inflow turbine mounted on a common shaft. Maximum rotor speed is 10,472 rad/sec (100,000 rpm). All high-temperature components, including the turbine rotor, are ceramic. AGT101 powertrain development has been initiated, with testing completed on many aerothermodynamic components in dedicated test rigs and start of Mod I, Build 1 engine testing.

Analysis of Indirectly Fired Gas Turbine Power Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Donald Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Configurations

This paper describes the results of modelling the performance of several indirectly fired gas turbine (IFGT) power generation system configurations based on four gas turbine class sizes, namely 5 kW, 50 kW, 5 MW and 100 MW. These class sizes were selected to cover a wide range of installations in residential, commercial, industrial and large utility power generation installations. Because the IFGT configurations modelled consist of a gas turbine engine, one or two recuperators and a furnace; for comparison purpose this study also included simulations of simple cycle and recuperated gas turbine engines. Part-load, synchronous-speed simulations were carried out with generic compressor and turbine maps scaled for each engine design point conditions. The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) was varied from the design specification to a practical value for a metallic high-temperature heat exchanger in an IFGT system. As expected, the results showed that the reduced TIT can have dramatic impact on the power output and thermal efficiency when compared to that in conventional gas turbines. However, the simulations also indicated that several configurations can lead to higher performance, even with the reduced TIT. Although the focus of the study is on evaluation of thermodynamic performance, the implications of varying configurations on cost and durability are also discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hot Gas Cleanup Technologies in Coal-Fired Gas Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Parsons ◽  
Holmes A. Webb ◽  
Charles M. Zeh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Efficient Combustion ◽  
Westinghouse Electric ◽  
Technical Discussion

This paper reviews the status of in situ gas stream cleanup technologies which are an integral part of the direct coal-fired gas turbine systems being developed through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). The technical discussion focuses on the proof-of-concept systems under development in the DOE/METC Advanced Coal-Fueled Gas Turbine Systems (ACFGTS) program initiated in 1986. In this program, Solar Turbines Inc., the Allison Gas Turbine Division of General Motors Corporation, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation have completed bench-scale tests of integrated combustion and hot gas cleanup systems in preparation for full-size subsystem tests. All these projects include the development of cleanup systems for contaminants resulting from the combustion of coal. These systems will both control emissions of pollutants and protect the turbine gas path from fouling, erosion, and corrosion. The bench-scale tests have demonstrated efficient combustion of coal-water slurries (CWS) and dry coal in high-pressure, short residence-time combustors. The tests have also yielded promising results in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile alkali and in the removal of ash and sulfur species from the hot gas streams.

scholarly journals AGT101 Advanced Gas Turbine Technology Update

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Kidwell ◽  
D. M. Kreiner ◽  
R. A. Rackley ◽  
J. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Testing

The Garrett/Ford Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) Technology Project, authorized under NASA Contract DEN3-167, is sponsored by and is part of the United States Department of Energy Gas Turbine Highway Vehicle System Program. Program effort is oriented at providing the United States automotive industry the high risk long-range technology necessary to produce gas turbine powertrains for automobiles that will have reduced fuel consumption and reduced environmental impact. The AGT101 power section is a 74.6 kW (100 hp), regenerated single-shaft gas turbine engine operating at a maximum turbine inlet temperature of 1371°C (2500°F). Maximum rotor speed is 10,472 rad/sec (100,000 rpm). All high temperature components, including the turbine rotor, are ceramic. Development has progressed through aerothermodynamic testing of all components with compressor and turbine performance goals achieved. Some 200 hours of AGT101 testing has been accumulated at a nominal 871°C (1600°F) on three metal engines. Individual and collective ceramic component screening tests have been successfully accomplished at temperatures up to 1149°C (2100°F). Ceramic turbine rotors have been successfully cold spun to the required proof speed of 12,043 rad/sec (115,000 rpm), a 15-percent overspeed, and subjected to dynamic thermal shock tests simulating engine conditions. Engine testing of the ceramic structures and of the ceramic turbine rotor is planned in the near future.

Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Progrem: Year Four Progress

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubura Nishiyama ◽  
Masumi Iwai ◽  
Norio Nakazawa ◽  
Masafumi Sasaki ◽  
Haruo Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Basic Engine ◽  
Energy Center ◽  
Engine Components

The seven-year program, designated “Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, was started in 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This CGT Program is conducted by Petroleum Energy Center. The basic engine is a 100kW, single-shaft regenerative engine having turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C and rotor speed of 110000rpm. In the forth year of the program, the engine components were experimentally evaluated and improved in the various test rigs, and the first assembly test including rotating and stationary components, was performed this year under the condition of turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C.

The Application of Ceramics to the Small Gas Turbine

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Processing Techniques

This paper reviews the limitations today’s superalloys exercise on the realization of the potential of the gas turbine engine. Ceramic materials are suggested as a means of achieving lower cost and higher turbine inlet temperature in small gas turbine engines. The paper serves to introduce ceramic materials and processing techniques and identifies silicon nitride, silicon carbide and lithium-alumina-silicate as promising materials for high temperature turbine engine components.

Performance Evaluation of a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine at TIT1200°C Operation in a Rotating Sub-Assembly Test

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Kato ◽  
Masayosi Otsuka ◽  
Katsuhiko Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Static Structure ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Energy Center ◽  
Engine Operating Condition

A seven-year program, designated “Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)” conducted by Petroleum Energy Center, was started in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This paper describes the results of an assembly test on the rotating components including a ceramic turbine rotor and a compressor assembled in the ceramic static structure. The preliminary check-out test has been successfully accomplished under the actual engine operating condition of a turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C.

Advances in the Development of a Micro-Gas Turbine Engine at Onera

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dessornes ◽  
S. Landais ◽  
R. Valle ◽  
A. Fourmaux ◽  
S. Burguburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Overall Efficiency

To reduce the size and weight of power generation machines for portable devices, several systems to replace the currently used heavy batteries are being investigated worldwide. As micro gas turbines are expected to offer the highest power density, several research groups launched programs to develop ultra micro gas turbines: IHI firm (Japan), PowerMEMS Consortium (Belgium). At Onera, a research program called DecaWatt is under development in order to realize a demonstrator of a micro gas turbine engine in the 50 to 100 Watts electrical power range. A single-stage gas turbine is currently being studied. First of all, a calculation of the overall efficiency of the micro gas turbine engine has been carried out according to the pressure ratio, the turbine inlet temperature and the compressor and turbine efficiencies. With realistic hypotheses, we could obtain an overall efficiency of about 5% to 10% which leads to around 200 W/kg when taking into account the mass of the micro gas turbine engine, its electronics, fuel and packaging. Moreover, the specific energy could be in the range 300 to 600 Wh/kg which exceeds largely the performance of secondary batteries. To develop such a micro gas turbine engine, experimental and computational work focused on: • a 10 mm in diameter centrifugal compressor, with the objective to obtain a pressure ratio of about 2.5 • a radial inflow turbine • journal and thrust gas bearings (lobe bearings and spiral grooves) and their manufacturing • a small combustor working with hydrogen or hydrocarbon gaseous fuel (propane) • a high rotation speed micro-generator • the choice of materials Components of this tiny engine were tested prior to the test with all the parts assembled together. Tests of the generator at 700,000 rpm showed a very good efficiency of this component. In the same way, compressor testing has been performed up to 500,000 rpm and has shown that the nominal compression rate at the 840,000 rpm nominal speed should be nearly reached.

scholarly journals Current Status of Industrial and Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Nagamatsu ◽  
Kazuyuki Mizuhara ◽  
Yukio Matsuda ◽  
Akio Iwanaga ◽  
Shoji Ishiwata
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Engine Components

The current status of Japan’s national Ceramic Gas Turbines (CGTs) projects is overviewed. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) is conducting two national R&D projects on CGT. These include a project on 300kW industrial CGTs for co-generation and mobile power generation use and a project on 100kW CGT for automotive use. The 300kW project was started in 1988, and is scheduled to develop three kinds of CGTs over nine years. The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is the main contractor, and three groups of private industries are sub contractors. Three national research institutes are involved in the project to conduct supportive research of ceramic materials and engine components. The 100kW project has started in 1990, and is scheduled to develop a single shaft automotive CGT over seven years. Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) and JARI are the main contractors with the cooperation of several petroleum and automotive companies. The goals for the two projects are 42% and higher for thermal efficiency at a turbine inlet temperature of 1350C. Such targets could not be achieved without applying high temperature ceramics to the engine components. Therefore many R&D objectives are directed towards developing the ceramic components which have a higher flexure strength and fracture toughness. Currently, 300kW base metal gas turbine engines are being developed to prove the design concepts. Blade shapes suitable to ceramics are being studied by the FEM method. Forming and manufacturing large components are also being studied, and some ceramics components have been successfully made.

scholarly journals Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program: Year 2 Progress

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takane Itoh ◽  
Hidetomo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Basic Engine ◽  
Second Year

A seven-year program, designated “Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, was started in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This CGT-Program is conducted by PEC with the support of MITI. The basic engine is a 100-kW, single-shaft engine having a turbine inlet temperature of a 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. During the second year of the program, experimental evaluation of the various components was started, including a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine rotor, a high speed rotor system and initial ceramic hot parts. Cold and hot spin testing of ceramic rotors from three different ceramic suppliers was also initiated.

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