scholarly journals The Application of DLN Technology to the Tornado and Tempest Industrial Gas Turbines

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Boyns ◽  
Rajeshri Patel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
New Production ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Base Load

Dry low NOX combustion technology has been successfully applied to the EGT Tornado and Tempest industrial gas turbines. This lean-premix technology has been based on that being employed in the EGT Typhoon gas turbine, as reported by Norster & De Pietro (1996) but with a number of modifications to suit the individual engines. The Tornado is a 6.1 MWe machine designed in the late 1970’s for power generation and mechanical drive applications. The worldwide emissions legislation of recent years has provided the requirement to reduce NOX emissions in the exhaust, both for new machines and for those already in operation. Hence a system suitable for retrofitting as well as new production was required. The Tornado utilises similar burners to the Typhoon but with different combustion chambers and a different centre casing from the standard Tornado. Due to the differing cycle conditions, a different reaction zone stoichiometry has been used. A short rig test program followed by engine testing have achieved NOX emissions at base load significantly lower than the initial program target of 42 ppmv and led to the program target being revised to 25 ppmv. The Tempest, launched into the market in 1995 produces 7.49 MWe in single shaft configuration and is aimed at the electrical power generation market. To comply with current emissions legislation, a DLN system has been developed. The Tempest is a 25% scale up of the Typhoon but its mechanical design incorporates a simplified main and pilot burner arrangement and a fully fabricated combustor. At base load, the Tempest operates at a higher turbine entry temperature than the Typhoon but has been designed such that the equivalence ratio in the reaction zone is slightly lower. A comprehensive test programme has demonstrated hardware which significantly improves upon the target emissions limit of 25 ppmv NOX.

scholarly journals Assessing Diagnostic Techniques for Poblem Identification in Advanced Industrial Gas Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lifson ◽  
Anthony J. Smalley ◽  
George H. Quentin ◽  
Joseph P. Zanyk
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electrical Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

This paper describes existing, developing, and needed methods for detection, identification, and diagnosis of problems in combustion turbines. The use of combustion turbines for electrical power generation is growing, and advanced models of large industrial turbines are now starting to enter service. In view of the harsh operating conditions and severe service to which these new turbines will be exposed, this paper evaluates sensors and signal analysis methods to detect and diagnose the problems which may surface in operation. Generic problems which have been observed in combustion turbine installations in the recent past are identified, and methods for detecting these problems, quantifying them, and isolating their causes are analyzed.

Emergence of Recuperated Gas Turbines for Power Generation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Ceramic Recuperator ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Near Term

In the emerging deployment of microturbines (25–75Kw), a recuperator is mandatory to achieve thermal efficiencies of 30 percent and higher, this being important if they are to successfully penentrate the market currently dominated by Diesel generator sets. This will be the first application of gas turbines for electrical power generation, where recuperators will be used in significant quantities. The experience gained with these machines will give users’ confidence that recuperated engines will meet performance and reliability goals. The latter point is particularly important, since recuperated gas turbines have not been widely deployed for power generation, and early variants were a disappointment. Recuperator technology transfer to larger engines will see the introduction of advanced heat exchanged industrial gas turbines for power generation in the 3–15 Mw range. After many decades of development, existing recuperators of both primary surface and plate-fin types, have demonstrated acceptable thermal performance and integrity in the cyclic gas turbine environment, but their capital costs are high. A near-term challenge to recuperator design and manufacturing engineers is to establish lower cost metallic heat exchangers that can be manufactured using high volume production methods. A longer term goal will be the development and utilization of a ceramic recuperator, since this is the key component to realize the full performance potential of very small and medium size gas turbines.

scholarly journals Large Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines for Base-Load Power Generation and Heat Cogeneration

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Bulk Power ◽  
Base Load

The predominant role of large gas turbines has shifted from peaking-load duty to midrange and base-load electric power generation, especially within combined-cycle plants. Such applications require heavy-duty industrial gas turbines to ensure the same high reliability and availability for continuous service as the associated steam turbines. It is also important that the gas turbines be designed for low maintenance to minimize the necessary outage times and costs for component repair and replacement. The basic design principles and applications of Model V94 gas turbines are discussed with special reference to highly reliable and economic bulk power generation.

Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Overview: Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kappis ◽  
Stefan Florjancic ◽  
Uwe Ruedel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Very High

Market requirements for the heavy duty gas turbine power generation business have significantly changed over the last few years. With high gas prices in former times, all users have been mainly focusing on efficiency in addition to overall life cycle costs. Today individual countries see different requirements, which is easily explainable picking three typical trends. In the United States, with the exploitation of shale gas, gas prices are at a very low level. Hence, many gas turbines are used as base load engines, i.e. nearly constant loads for extended times. For these engines reliability is of main importance and efficiency somewhat less. In Japan gas prices are extremely high, and therefore the need for efficiency is significantly higher. Due to the challenge to partly replace nuclear plants, these engines as well are mainly intended for base load operation. In Europe, with the mid and long term carbon reduction strategy, heavy duty gas turbines is mainly used to compensate for intermittent renewable power generation. As a consequence, very high cyclic operation including fast and reliable start-up, very high loading gradients, including frequency response, and extended minimum and maximum operating ranges are required. Additionally, there are other features that are frequently requested. Fuel flexibility is a major demand, reaching from fuels of lower purity, i.e. with higher carbon (C2+), content up to possible combustion of gases generated by electrolysis (H2). Lifecycle optimization, as another important request, relies on new technologies for reconditioning, lifetime monitoring, and improved lifetime prediction methods. Out of Alstom’s recent research and development activities the following items are specifically addressed in this paper. Thermodynamic engine modelling and associated tasks are discussed, as well as the improvement and introduction of new operating concepts. Furthermore extended applications of design methodologies are shown. An additional focus is set ono improve emission behaviour understanding and increased fuel flexibility. Finally, some applications of the new technologies in Alstom products are given, indicating the focus on market requirements and customer care.

scholarly journals Pressure gain combustion advantage in land-based electric power generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. K4MD26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfettin C. Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Plant Efficiency

AbstractThis article evaluates the improvement in gas turbine combined cycle power plant efficiency and output via pressure gain combustion (PGC). Ideal and real cycle calculations are provided for a rigorous assessment of PGC variants (e.g., detonation and deflagration) in a realistic power plant framework with advanced heavy-duty industrial gas turbines. It is shown that PGC is the single-most potent knob available to the designers for a quantum leap in combined cycle performance.

scholarly journals Reduced NOx Emissions Using Low Radial Swirler Vane Angles

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Alkabie ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
Swirl Vane ◽  
Vane Angle

The influence of vane angle and hence swirl number of a radial swirler on the weak extinction, combustion inefficiency and NOx emissions was investigated at lean gas turbine combustor primary zone conditions. A 140mm diameter atmospheric pressure low NOx combustor primary zone was developed with a Mach number simulation of 30% and 43% of the combustor air flow into the primary zone through a curved blade radial swirler. The range of radial swirler vane angles was 0–60 degrees and central radially outward fuel injection was used throughout with a 600K inlet temperature. For zero vane angle radially inward jets were formed that impinged and generated a strong outer recirculation. This was found to have much lower NOx characteristics compared with a 45 degree swirler at the same pressure loss. However, the lean stability and combustion efficiency in the near weak extinction region was not as good. With swirl the central recirculation zone enhanced the combustion efficiency. For all the swirl vane angles there was little difference in combustion inefficiency between the swirlers. However, the NOx emissions were reduced at the lowest swirl angles and vane angles in the range 20–30 degrees were considered to be the optimum for central injection. NOx emissions for central injection as low as 5ppm at 15% oxygen and 1 bar were demonstrated for zero swirl and 20 degree swirler vane angle. This would scale to well under 25 ppm at pressure for all current industrial gas turbines.

The Effect of Water Injection for Emissions Control on Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Antos ◽  
W. C. Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

One common method of reducing the NOx emissions from industrial gas turbines is to inject water into the combustion process. The amount of water injected depends on the emissions rules that apply to a particular unit. Westinghouse W501B industrial gas turbines have been operated at water injection levels required to meet EPA NOx emissions regulations. They also have been operated at higher injection levels required to meet stricter California regulations. Operation at the lower rates of water did not affect combustor inspection and/or repair intervals. Operation on liquid fuels with high rates of water also did not result in premature distress. However, operation on gas fuel at high rates of water did cause premature distress in the combustors. To evaluate this phenomenon, a comprehensive test program was conducted; it demonstrated that the distress is the result of the temperature patterns in the combustor caused by the high rates of water. The test also indicated that there is no significant change in dynamic response levels in the combustor. This paper presents the test results, and the design features selected to substantially improve combustor wall temperature when operating on gas fuels, with the high rates of water injection required to meet California applications. Mechanical design features that improve combustor resistance to water injection-induced thermal gradients also are presented.

Comparing Turbine Gaspath Component Alternatives

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred T. Willett ◽  
Rodger O. Anderson ◽  
Michael R. Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Power Plant Operator ◽  
Base Load

The large installed base of large frame industrial gas turbines has prompted a number of replacement part offerings, in addition to the replacement parts offered by the OEM. The quality and rigor of the offerings varies considerably. The replacement parts can be broken down into three categories: replicated parts, reverse-engineered parts, and re-engineered parts. The processes of replication, reverse engineering, and re-engineering are examined in detail. Specific differences between the three approaches are identified and discussed. The economic model presented by Willett and Pothier [2003] is used to examine the potential economic benefits of replacement parts and quantify differences in potential benefits as a function of engineering approach. The benefits of each approach depend not only on the engineering process, but also on the customer (power plant operator) profile. Base load, cyclic duty, and peaking operation, along with risk tolerance, influence the predicted benefit and determine the most effective engineering approach.

Requirements for Gas Turbine Inlet Systems in Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagir R. Nigmatulin ◽  
Vladimir E. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Russian power generation, oil and gas businesses are rapidly growing. Installation of new industrial gas turbines is booming to fulfill the demand from economic growth. Russia is a unique country from the annual temperature variation point of view. Some regions may reach up to 100C. One of the biggest challenges for world producers of gas turbines in Russia is the ability to operate products at power plants during cold winters, when ambient temperature might be −60C for a couple of weeks in a row. The reliability and availability of the equipment during the cold season is very critical. Design of inlet systems and filter houses for the Russian market, specifically for northern regions, has a lot of specifics and engineering challenges. Joint Stock Company CKTI is the biggest Russian supplier of air intake systems for industrial gas turbines and axial-flow compressors. In 1969 this enterprise designed and installed the first inlet for the power plant Dagskaya GRES (State Regional Electric Power Plant) with the first 100MW gas-turbine which was designed and manufactured by LMZ. Since the late 1960s CKTI has designed and manufactured inlet systems for the world market and been the main supplier for the Russian market. During the last two years CKTI has designed inlet systems for a broad variety of gas turbine engines ranging from 24MW up to 110MW turbines which are used for power generation and as a mechanical drive for the oil and gas industry. CKTI inlet systems with filtering devices or houses are successfully used in different climate zones including the world’s coldest city Yakutsk and hot Nigeria. CKTI has established CTQs (Critical to quality) and requirements for industrial gas turbine inlet systems which will be installed in Russia in different climate zones for all types of energy installations. The last NPI project of the inlet system, including a nonstandard layout, was done for a small gas-turbine engine which is installed on a railway cart. This arrangement is designed to clean railway lines with the exhaust jet in a quarry during the winter. The design of the inlet system with efficient multistage compressor extraction for deicing, dust and snow resistance has an interesting solution. The detailed description of challenges, weather requirements, calculations, losses, and design methodologies to qualify the system for tough requirements, are described in the paper.

Advanced Heat Recovery Technology Improves Efficiency and Reduces Emissions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Septimus van der Linden ◽  
Mario Romero
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Processing Plants

An advanced patented process [1] for generating power from waste heat sources can be put to use in Industrial operations where much of the heat is wasted and going up the stack. This waste heat can be efficiently recovered to generate electrical power. Benefits include: use of waste industrial process heat as a fuel source that, in most cases, has represented nothing more than wasted thermal pollution for decades, stable and predictable generation capability on a 24 × 7 basis. This means that as an efficiency improvement resource, unlike wind and solar, the facility continues to generate clean reliable power. One of the many advantages of generating power from waste heat is the advantage for distributed generation; by producing power closer to its ultimate use, it thereby reduces transmission line congestion and losses, in addition, distributed generation eliminates the 4% to 8% power losses due to transmission and distribution associated with central generation. Beneficial applications of heat recovery power generation can be found in numerous industries (e.g. steel, glass, cement, lime, pulp and paper, refining, electric utilities and petrochemicals), Power Generation (CHP, MSW, biomass, biofuel, traditional fuels, Gasifiers, diesel engines) and Natural Gas (pipeline compression stations, processing plants). This presentation will cover the WOW Energy technology Organic Rankine Cascading Closed Loop Cycle — CCLC, as well as provide case studies in power generation using Internal Combustion engines and Gas Turbines on pipelines, where 20% to 40% respectively additional electricity power is recovered. This is achieved without using additional fuel, and therefore improving the fuel use efficiency and resulting lower carbon footprint. The economic analysis and capital recovery payback period based on varying Utility rates will be explained as well as the potential Tax credits, Emission credits and other incentives that are often available. Further developments and Pilot plant results on fossil fired plant flue gas emissions reductions will be reported to illustrate the full potential of the WOW Energy CCLC system focusing on increasing efficiency and reducing emissions.

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