Advanced Heat Recovery Technology Improves Efficiency and Reduces Emissions

An advanced patented process [1] for generating power from waste heat sources can be put to use in Industrial operations where much of the heat is wasted and going up the stack. This waste heat can be efficiently recovered to generate electrical power. Benefits include: use of waste industrial process heat as a fuel source that, in most cases, has represented nothing more than wasted thermal pollution for decades, stable and predictable generation capability on a 24 × 7 basis. This means that as an efficiency improvement resource, unlike wind and solar, the facility continues to generate clean reliable power. One of the many advantages of generating power from waste heat is the advantage for distributed generation; by producing power closer to its ultimate use, it thereby reduces transmission line congestion and losses, in addition, distributed generation eliminates the 4% to 8% power losses due to transmission and distribution associated with central generation. Beneficial applications of heat recovery power generation can be found in numerous industries (e.g. steel, glass, cement, lime, pulp and paper, refining, electric utilities and petrochemicals), Power Generation (CHP, MSW, biomass, biofuel, traditional fuels, Gasifiers, diesel engines) and Natural Gas (pipeline compression stations, processing plants). This presentation will cover the WOW Energy technology Organic Rankine Cascading Closed Loop Cycle — CCLC, as well as provide case studies in power generation using Internal Combustion engines and Gas Turbines on pipelines, where 20% to 40% respectively additional electricity power is recovered. This is achieved without using additional fuel, and therefore improving the fuel use efficiency and resulting lower carbon footprint. The economic analysis and capital recovery payback period based on varying Utility rates will be explained as well as the potential Tax credits, Emission credits and other incentives that are often available. Further developments and Pilot plant results on fossil fired plant flue gas emissions reductions will be reported to illustrate the full potential of the WOW Energy CCLC system focusing on increasing efficiency and reducing emissions.

Analysis on Cournot Oligopoly Game Models With Two Firms and More Than Two Firms

This paper reviews the standard game models and its Nash equilibrium and then analyses Cournot oligopoly game from two firms to the case with more than two firms. Due to Cournot equilibrium point, the concept of Cournot equilibrium point is the same as the concept as the non-cooperative game with pure strategy but the strategy can be chosen in Cournot game is infinity and it can not be obtained base on Nash equilibrium theorem. Finally, the existence conditions of Cournot equilibrium point are given and the theorem and its proof of the existence Cournot equilibrium point are given too.

Influence in Lubricant Oxidation in Wear of Metallic Surfaces

The lubricants are certain type of substances that are applied to the contact surfaces of machines to reduce friction among the mobile parts. This friction originates a heating in pieces and wear of superficial layers. This heating produces a bad operation in parts of machines. So, lubricant protects the metallic surfaces against the action of the corrosive agents. The main part of this work consists on determining as the oxidation of lubricant influences in rubbing of the pieces and its relationship with the produced wear and their results are better in operations normal conditions when is compared when the lubricant is oxidized. The lubricant can be natural or synthetic. Among the natural lubricants it is possible to mention organic oils and minerals, fats or graphite. Among synthetic lubricants are silicones and special products able to support very high temperatures as those characteristic of advanced motors diesel. They can be coatings that allow to the mobile parts to be lubricated itself, or oils degraded without produce traces after rubbing.

Energy Savings Potential by Substituting Driving With Walking and Cycling for Short Distance

Vehicles energy consumption produces several emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and noise. This paper attempts to evaluate potential reduction in oil consumption and CO2 emissions if the obese and overweight conditions were eliminated from the adult population through the use of walking or cycling for transportation, and if individuals between the ages of 10 and 64 adopted recommended levels of daily exercise by walking or cycling instead of driving. Substantial co-benefits accompany widespread adoption of physical activity. The results found that the reductions in emissions from substituting driving with walking and cycling are significant enough to show a possible improvement of air quality. The highest reduction of CO2 emissions comes from the substitution of driving with exercising by cycling for 7 hours a week, which amounts to 2.38 Tg (Teragram) of reduction.

Numerical Study of Wing Aerodynamics in Ground Proximity

Experimental design and optimization of innovative ground-effect transportation means is an iterative process which requires a large amount of time and resources. To avoid the large experimental expense, numerical modeling can be used to investigate Wing-in-Ground (WIG) vehicle flight. In this paper, modeling technique is applied for a two dimensional NACA 4412 airfoil in viscous flow in and out of ground effect. The numerical method consists of a steady state, incompressible, finite volume method utilizing the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Grid generation and solution of the Navier-Stokes equations are completed using FLUENT 6.3. The modeling procedures are first validated against published experimental data for unbounded flow around an airfoil. Wing section aerodynamic characteristics are then studied for varying ground heights and two separate boundary conditions: fixed ground and moving ground. Ground effect calculations are compared to several previous studies, and our results are found to correlate with published aerodynamic trends in ground effect, although all studies appear to predict different magnitudes of aerodynamic forces.

A Proposed Roadmap From the Current to Agile Manufacturing

With growing tendency towards globalization and the number of free trade agreements, we are approaching not only a global market but also a manufacturing era that has no boundaries. This is accomplished through off-shoring and outsourcing. Manufacturing companions and particularly Small to Medium size Enterprise (SME’s) are facing a very tough and fierce competition. This article is intended to provide a roadmap for manufacturing companies to help them survive and excel.

Effect of Reinforcement and Chills on the Tribological Behaviour of Al-12% Si/B4C Composite

Effect of reinforcement on the wear behavior of Aluminium-12%Si(LM6) reinforced with Boron Carbide (B4C) particles (quantity from 3 to 12 wt% in steps of 3 wt%; size 40–80μm) was investigated by a computerized pin-on-disk wear test rig under dry sliding conditions. Mild steel chill was used. Castings were prepared using dry sand moulds and the reinforcement particles were introduced into the matrix using Vortex-Route Method. Test result showed that this MMC was greatly influenced by the reinforcement and chill. It was found that 9 wt% of B4C particles in Aluminium-12%Si (LM6) alloy exhibited the least wear rate. An attempt to evaluate the tribological properties of this MMC with respect to reinforcement, chill and microstructure is made.

A Screw-Gas Bulk Sucking and Taking Equipment

Among the whole ship unloading process, how to effectively and conveniently put the bulk into the ship-unloader is often a big and key problem. This article advance a new equipment to solve the problem—Screw-gas Bulk Sucking and Taking Equipment, which applies both the theory of vertical screw conveyor and the theory of pneumatic handling. The author describes the constitution of the equipment and explains the working principles in detail, by thus pointing out the superiorities of the equipment, such as low clearing-up, little dust removal, simple construction and convenient maintenance. The article also brings tentative data for proof. The article gives a good solution by providing with a brand-new equipment—Screw-gas Bulk Sucking and Taking Equipment, which applies both the theory of vertical screw conveyor and the theory of pneumatic handling. It constitutes of 3 parts; respectively from bottom to above they are: Centrifugal force Separating Part, Screw Lifting Part and Pneumatic Conveying Part. Granular material is drawn into the equipment in the form of gas-solid two-phase flow by the Atmospheric pressure, and then helically rises in the Centrifugal Force Separating Part which is an inverted cone. The material would be separated from the two-phase flow by the effect of centrifugal force and then be lifted in the Screw Lifting Part. The gas flow with the very little remained material would be drawn into the blower. By thus Screw-gas Bulk Sucking and Taking Equipment could take the material and put it to the next conveying process conveniently and efficiently with the superiorities of low clearing-up, little dust removal, simple construction and convenient maintenance.

An Energy-Efficient Node Activation Scheme for Reconfigurable Sensor Networks

This paper presents an energy-efficient node activation scheme that reduces the cost in recharging energy-depleted sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. The network operation combined with node activation is modeled as a stochastic decision process, where the activation decisions directly affect the energy efficiency of the network. An analytical model is developed to formulate the network operation as a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) by assuming exponentially distributed recharging and discharging times. Using this model, an optimal activation policy is obtained that minimizes the recharging rate. To evaluate the developed node activation scheme, simulation was performed for both a correlated and an independent sensor network model. In the correlated model, a 72% reduction of recharging rate has been achieved, compared with no intelligent node activation. The approach presented provides a framework for designing wireless sensor networks where energy efficiency is of critical importance.

Coating Characterzation in CrN Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Method on AISI 316 Steel

Chromium Nitride (CrN) thin films were deposited on AISI steel 316 substrates by means of the reactive magnetron sputtering method. CrN films were produced under two different conditions. In the first one, the substrate was heated by a DC source. For the second coating a negative substrate bias voltage was applied. X ray diffraction, quantitative energy dispersion and scanning electron microscope were employed to characterize the two different phases, their chemical composition as well as their microstructure. In addition, a microhardness test was carried out. The results show that a better phase formation of CrN thin films was achieved when a heating source was present (first case). Both coatings presented homogeneous surface. Their compositions show differences even when the gases flowing are the same in composition. Regarding to the hardness test results, there can be found a higher value when using a heating source.