In Vivo In Situ Experimentation Projects by Innovative Cleantech Start-Ups in Paris

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alborz Bekhradi ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
François Cluzel ◽  
Frédérique Chabbert ◽  
Romain Farel
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The City ◽  
Important Purpose

Cities play an essential role in facilitating and supporting the real-world experimentations (for instance in public spaces with real users) of innovative products and services in the field of clean technologies. In this respect, the City of Paris has implemented an experimentation mechanism to help innovative start-ups improving their solutions and robustifying their business models in a multi-stakeholder eco-system. Nonetheless, a primary investigation demonstrated that the efficiency of these in vivo in situ experimentations have means of being improved. To deal with this issue, the current paper proposes a critical review and a characterization of the existing projects related to clean technology and sustainability themes. A study over 25 experimentation projects results in identifying matches and mismatches between the expectations and the obtained results of tests by innovative start-ups. We have statistically demonstrated that the most important purpose of running experimentation projects by start-ups is to test and build a relevant “stakeholders network” around their businesses. Furthermore, we have assessed the influence of these experimentations on the design of innovative products.

scholarly journals Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽  
Natália Pipová ◽  
Eléonore Allain ◽  
Céline Henry ◽  
Clotilde Rouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in the I. scapularis ISE6 cell line using in silico methods, and six of these neuropeptide genes were used for experimental validation. Among these six neuropeptide genes, the tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) of ISE6 cells varied in transcript expression depending on the infection strain of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The immunocytochemistry of TRP revealed cytoplasmic expression in a prominent ISE6 cell subpopulation. The presence of TRP was also confirmed in A. phagocytophilum-infected ISE6 cells. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of TRP of I. scapularis synganglion revealed expression in distinct neuronal cells. In addition, TRP immunoreaction was detected in axons exiting the synganglion via peripheral nerves as well as in hemal nerve-associated lateral segmental organs. The characterization of a complete Ixodes neuropeptidome in ISE6 cells may serve as an effective in vitro tool to study how tick-borne pathogens interact with synganglion components that are vital to tick physiology. Therefore, our current study is a potential stepping stone for in vivo experiments to further examine the neuronal basis of tick–pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals New Biochemical Insights to Unravel the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Lesions

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S3) ◽  
pp. 408-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Roher ◽  
Kenneth C. Palmer ◽  
John Capodilupo ◽  
Arun R. Wakade ◽  
Melvyn J. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Neuritic Sprouting

ABSTRACT:Purification of amyloid plaque core proteins (APCP) from Alzheimer's disease brains to complete homogeneity and in high yield permitted its chemical fractionation and characterization of its components. APCP is mainly made of β-amyloid (βA) and an assortment of glycoproteins (accounting for 20%) rich in carbohydrates compatible with N-and O-linked saccharides. When added to tissue culture of sympathetic and sensory neurons APCP and βA inhibited neuritic sprouting, a reversible phenomenon at low doses. Higher concentrations of both substances kill the neurons in culture. APCP is significantly more toxic than βA, suggesting the minor components may play an important role in increasing the toxicity of βA. If the observed toxic effects of APCP in situ are occurring in vivo during the course of AD, then the accumulation of these extracellular proteins could be largely responsible for some of the neuronal death observed in this neuropathology.

scholarly journals In situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2541-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Fang ◽  
L. X. Zhou ◽  
P. P. Tans ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
M. Steinbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The City

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the city of Harbin in northeastern China. SDZ is located 150 km northeast of Beijing. WLG, hosting the longest record of measured CO2 mole fractions in China, is a high-altitude site in northwestern China recording background CO2 concentration. The CO2 growth rates are 3.7 ± 1.2 ppm yr−1 for LAN, 2.7 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 for LFS, 3.5 ± 1.6 ppm yr−1 for SDZ, and 2.2 ± 0.8 ppm yr−1 (1σ) for WLG during the period of 2009 to 2011. The highest annual mean CO2 mole fraction of 404.2 ± 3.9 ppm was observed at LAN in 2011. A comprehensive analysis of CO2 variations, their diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as the analysis of the influence of local sources on the CO2 mole fractions allows a characterization of the sampling sites and of the key processes driving the CO2 mole fractions. These data form a basis to improve our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in China and the underlying fluxes using atmospheric inversion models.

scholarly journals Development of a sticker sealed microfluidic device for in situ analytical measurements using synchrotron radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ITAMAR NECKEL ◽  
Lucas F. de Castro ◽  
Flavia Callefo ◽  
Verônica Teixeira ◽  
Angelo Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Synchrotron Light

Abstract Shedding synchrotron light on microfluidic systems, exploring several contrasts in situ operando at the nanoscale, like X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, luminescence, and absorption, has the potential to reveal new properties and functionalities of materials across diverse areas, such as green energy, photonics, and nanomedicine. In this work, we present the micro-fabrication and characterization of a multifunctional polyester/glass sealed microfluidic device well-suited to combine with analytical X-ray techniques. The device consists of smooth microchannels patterned on glass, where three gold electrodes are deposited into the channels to serve in situ electrochemistry analysis or standard electrical measurements. It has been efficiently sealed through an ultraviolet-sensitive sticker-like layer based on a polyester film, and The burst pressure determined by pumping water through the microchannel(up to 0.22 MPa). Overall, the device has demonstrated exquisite chemical resistance to organic solvents, and its efficiency in the presence of biological samples (proteins) is remarkable. The device potentialities, and its high transparency to X-rays, have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the X-ray nanoprobe Carnaúba/Sirius/LNLS, by obtaining 2D X-ray nanofluorescence maps on the microchannel filled with water and after an electrochemical nucleation reaction. To wrap up, the microfluidic device characterized here has the potential to be employed in standard laboratory experiments as well as in situ and in vivo analytical experiments using a wide electromagnetic window, from infrared to X-rays, which could serve experiments in many branches of science.

Platelet-rich gel-incorporated silk scaffold promotes meniscus regeneration in a rabbit total meniscectomy model

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Jianqiao Hong ◽  
Guangyao Jiang ◽  
Sihao Li ◽  
Shiming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Functional Regeneration ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Silk Scaffold ◽  
Meniscus Regeneration ◽  
Tgf Β1

Aim: To investigate whether platelet-rich gel (PRG) incorporation could promote meniscal regeneration of the silk scaffold. Materials & methods: A PRG-incorporated silk sponge was fabricated for reconstruction of the meniscus in a rabbit meniscectomy model. Subsequently, characterization of the scaffold, as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo function was evaluated. Results: Our results showed that the PRG-incorporated silk scaffold provided a sustained release of TGF-β1 over 1 week. The PRG enhanced the cytocompatibility in vitro and cell infiltration in vivo of the silk sponge. Meanwhile, the implantation of the composite in situ ameliorated the cartilage degeneration in knee at 3 months. Conclusion: These findings indicated that PRG-incorporated silk scaffold could promote functional regeneration of the meniscus and effectively prevented subsequent osteoarthritis after meniscectomy.

scholarly journals CITI-SENSE: methods and tools for empowering citizens to observe acoustic comfort in outdoor public spaces

Noise Mapping ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Aspuru ◽  
Igone García ◽  
Karmele Herranz ◽  
Alvaro Santander
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to design and deploy tools that apply the concept of citizen observatories and empowering citizens in the assessment of acoustic comfort in public places. The research applies an iterative cycle of design and this article presents the results of a demonstrative experiment carried out in situ using the first products developed. This work was undertaken as part of the CITI-SENSE project. A viable technical and procedural solution was designed and tested in a field demonstration, where 53 people were engaged to provide 137 observations in the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, using environmental sensors connected to a smartphone. The results have been analyzed and discussed in terms of the product’s attractiveness for engaging citizens in the evaluation of acoustic comfort in urban places, the accuracy of the noise levels measured by the acoustic app service integrated into the smartphone, and its ability to obtain simultaneous acoustic and perception data. The results presented in this article are considered a step forward in the research into developing solutions for assessing acoustic comfort. Limitations of the proposed solution are discussed, as are suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals Fiber-integrated Brillouin microspectroscopy: Towards Brillouin endoscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1742002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kabakova ◽  
YuChen Xiang ◽  
Carl Paterson ◽  
Peter Török
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Micromechanical Characterization ◽  
First Time

Brillouin imaging (BI) for micromechanical characterization of tissues and biomaterials is a fast-developing field of research with a strong potential for medical diagnosis of disease-modified tissues and cells. Although the principles of BI imply its compatibility with in vivo and in situ measurements, the integration of BI with a flexible catheter, capable of reaching the region of interest within the body, is yet to be reported. Here, for the first time, we experimentally investigate integration of the Brillouin spectroscope with standard optical fiber components to achieve a Brillouin endoscope. The performance of single-fiber and dual-fiber endoscopes are demonstrated and analyzed. We show that a major challenge in construction of Brillouin endoscopes is the strong backward Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and we present a dual-fiber geometry as a possible solution. Measurements of Brillouin spectra in test liquids (water, ethanol and glycerol) are demonstrated using the dual-fiber endoscope and its performance is analyzed numerically with the help of a beam propagation model.

Characterization of adhesion and viability of early seeding hematopoietic cells in the host bone marrow in vivo and in situ

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Askenasy ◽  
Esma S Yolcu ◽  
Haval Shirwan ◽  
Jeremiah Stein ◽  
Isaac Yaniv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Host Bone

scholarly journals Development of a sticker sealed microfluidic device for in situ analytical measurements using synchrotron radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar T. Neckel ◽  
Lucas F. de Castro ◽  
Flavia Callefo ◽  
Verônica C. Teixeira ◽  
Angelo L. Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Synchrotron Light

AbstractShedding synchrotron light on microfluidic systems, exploring several contrasts in situ/operando at the nanoscale, like X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, luminescence, and absorption, has the potential to reveal new properties and functionalities of materials across diverse areas, such as green energy, photonics, and nanomedicine. In this work, we present the micro-fabrication and characterization of a multifunctional polyester/glass sealed microfluidic device well-suited to combine with analytical X-ray techniques. The device consists of smooth microchannels patterned on glass, where three gold electrodes are deposited into the channels to serve in situ electrochemistry analysis or standard electrical measurements. It has been efficiently sealed through an ultraviolet-sensitive sticker-like layer based on a polyester film, and The burst pressure determined by pumping water through the microchannel(up to 0.22 MPa). Overall, the device has demonstrated exquisite chemical resistance to organic solvents, and its efficiency in the presence of biological samples (proteins) is remarkable. The device potentialities, and its high transparency to X-rays, have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the X-ray nanoprobe Carnaúba/Sirius/LNLS, by obtaining 2D X-ray nanofluorescence maps on the microchannel filled with water and after an electrochemical nucleation reaction. To wrap up, the microfluidic device characterized here has the potential to be employed in standard laboratory experiments as well as in in situ and in vivo analytical experiments using a wide electromagnetic window, from infrared to X-rays, which could serve experiments in many branches of science.

scholarly journals Dinâmica locacional dos espaços públicos de lazer na cidade de Teresina-PI / Locational dynamics of public leisure spaces in the city of Teresina-PI

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Laudenides Pontes Dos Santos ◽  
Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
The City

<p>Este artigo visa analisar como o lazer tem sido vivenciado na cidade de Teresina-PI, através da caracterização da dinâmica locacional dos espaços públicos utilizados para esse fim. Os objetivos foram constatar os tipos de espaços mais presentes, verificar a distribuição destes nas zonas e bairros e analisar as causas de tal distribuição. Como procedimento metodológico adotou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas junto aos órgãos de planejamento da cidade e moradores, visitas e mapeamento dos espaços. Como resultados verificou-se uma má distribuição desses espaços dentro das zonas, ou seja, alguns bairros centralizam os espaços enquanto outros não os possuem. O espaço em maior número são as praças, há uma centralização dos espaços culturais e que a zona com menos equipamentos é a Sudeste, apesar de apresentar uma forte expansão urbana.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> Espaços Públicos. Lazer. Teresina-PI.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to analyze how leisure has been experienced in the city of Teresina-PI, through the characterization of the locational dynamics of the public spaces used for this purpose. The objectives were to verify the most common types of leisure spaces, to verify their distribution in the areas and in the neighborhoods of the city and to analyze the causes of such distribution. As a methodological procedure were adopted a bibliographic research, documentary research and field research through interviews with the planning sectors of the city and residents, visits and mapping of the spaces. As a result, it was verified a poor distribution of these spaces through the areas of the city, in other words, some neighborhoods concentrate such spaces while other neighborhoods have none of them. The most found leisure spaces present in the city are squares, there is a centralization of cultural spaces and the area with the least number of equipment is the Southeast region of the city, although this region has a strong urban expansion.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Public Spaces. Leisure. Teresina-PI.</p>

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