Dimensions of Product Similarity in Design by Analogy: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaninder Singh Gill ◽  
Arnold N. Tsoka ◽  
Chiradeep Sen
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
User Study ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Computational Support ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Design By Analogy

Abstract This paper explores dimensions of similarity in analogy-based design through a user study. Analogy is used in design to help designers use knowledge that exists between and across domains in order to solve design problems at hand. The five dimensions of similarity that were explored in this paper are: function, form, energy flow, material flow, and motion. Fifty student volunteers, majoring in Mechanical Engineering, were given electro-mechanical products that are to be designed, and were asked to select, from a set of options, other products that they considered could be useful references for their task, if those options were offered by a hypothetical design-by-analogy web-service. In their response, they were also asked to identify the dimensions along which they found their preferred reference products to be similar to the design product. It was observed that participants selected products based on similarity along multiple dimensions of analogy. Function-based similarity was the most dominant trait, followed by energy, motion, material, and form. The results from this study will help to design more elaborate studies that will inform the design of computational support algorithms that will aid designers by recommending analogous solutions to help with solution search and ideation.

Fundamental studies in Design-by-Analogy: A focus on domain-knowledge experts and applications to transactional design problems

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Moreno ◽  
Alberto A. Hernández ◽  
Maria C. Yang ◽  
Kevin N. Otto ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Design By Analogy

Modality and representation in analogy

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Linsey ◽  
K.L. Wood ◽  
A.B. Markman
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
English Language ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Design By Analogy ◽  
General Semantic

AbstractDesign by analogy is a powerful part of the design process across the wide variety of modalities used by designers such as linguistic descriptions, sketches, and diagrams. We need tools to support people's ability to find and use analogies. A deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying design and analogy is a crucial step in developing these tools. This paper presents an experiment that explores the effects of representation within the modality of sketching, the effects of functional models, and the retrieval and use of analogies. We find that the level of abstraction for the representation of prior knowledge and the representation of a current design problem both affect people's ability to retrieve and use analogous solutions. A general semantic description in memory facilitates retrieval of that prior knowledge. The ability to find and use an analogy is also facilitated by having an appropriate functional model of the problem. These studies result in a number of important implications for the development of tools to support design by analogy. Foremost among these implications is the ability to provide multiple representations of design problems by which designers may reason across, where the verb construct in the English language is a preferred mode for these representations.

Analysis and Optimization of Material Flow and Energy Flow in the Coking-Steel Co-Production System

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1980-1988
Author(s):  
Hong Fu Li ◽  
Shuo Yun Liu ◽  
Li Hua Zhao ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
Da Qiang Cang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Production System ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Coal Resources ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Coking Industry

In this paper, material and energy flow in the coking process were analyzed and thus the possibility of resource and energy efficiency increase was pointed out. Considering the unreasonable structure of coking industry currently, a novel model of coking-steel co-production system was built and its advantages were analyzed in the respects of the use of coal gas, waste heat and coal resources. The results show that the coking-steel co-production system has the more obvious advantages than the traditional coking process.

Initial Steps Toward an Analogy Retrieval Tool Based on Performance Specification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ngo ◽  
Vimal Viswanathan ◽  
Cameron J. Turner ◽  
Julie Linsey
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
New Product ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Performance Specification ◽  
Tidal Turbine ◽  
Design By Analogy ◽  
Analog Systems ◽  
Product Study ◽  
Insight Into

In design-by-analogy, inventors draw inspiration from natural and man-made systems to create new, often innovative engineering products. Though methods exist to aid concept generation through design-by-analogy, they are not built on fundamental knowledge of how inventors inherently use analogies. Such a foundation is critical for developing effective analogy-finding tools and methods. In this research, we pursue an empirical product study to guide the creation of a computational tool that presents relevant analogies based on designers’ objectives. Using an inductive approach, we studied 57 design-by-analogy products and their inspiring analogs to identify how analogies entered the design process. We developed classification schemes that characterize the analogies and their design contexts, which includes the inventors’ field of work and design objectives. Findings emerged from identifying patterns in the classification results. When comparing academic and commercial inventors, we found differences in how they use analogies to find new product functions or gain better performance. We gained insight into how knowledge-driven and problem-driven analogy usage cases differ. Most intriguingly, we found that products commonly borrow critical functions directly from analog systems, but we also discovered instances of critical function inversion, where the sense of the critical function is reversed between the analog and the product. For example, this occurred with the ECO-Auger Tidal Turbine (critical function: “Convert fluid flow into rotation”) which was inspired by screw conveyors (“Convert rotation into material flow”). This discovery implies that a computational search for analogs should expand from a designers’ function specification to include analogs with inverted critical functions, thus widening the space of possible inspiration sources.

The Multiple Dimensions of the Acceptance of Mental Illness

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Lauren Mizock ◽  
Zlatka Russinova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Clinical Strategies ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
The Face

This chapter explains the multidimensional construct of acceptance, including the five dimensions of this process. Interview excerpts are provided as evidence of each of these five dimensions. The five dimensions include (1) identity dimension (developing a positive sense of self in the face of mental illness); (2) cognitive dimension (developing thoughts, beliefs, and awareness around accepting one’s mental illness); (3) behavioral dimension (engaging in actions and behaviors that signify acceptance of one’s mental illness); (4) emotional dimension (experiencing emotions that signify acceptance of one’s mental illness); and (5) relational dimension (engaging in relationships and interacting with others in a manner that promotes acceptance of the illness). A clinical strategies list, discussion questions, activities, the “Dimensions of Acceptance Worksheet,” and diagrams are also included.

Design by Analogy: A Study of the WordTree Method for Problem Re-Representation

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Linsey ◽  
A. B. Markman ◽  
K. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Team Projects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Design By Analogy ◽  
Available Information

This paper presents a novel approach, referred to as the WordTree design-by-analogy method, for identifying distant-domain analogies as part of the ideation process. The WordTree method derives its effectiveness through a design team’s knowledge and readily available information sources (e.g., patent databases, Google) and does not require specialized computational knowledge bases. A controlled cognitive experiment and an evaluation of the method with redesign projects illustrate the method’s influence in assisting engineers in design-by-analogy. Individuals using the WordTree method identified significantly more analogies and searched outside the problem domain as compared to the control group. The team redesign projects demonstrate the WordTree method’s effectiveness in longer-term, more realistic, higher validity team projects and with a variety of different design problems. Teams successfully identified effective analogies, analogous domains, and analogous patents. Unexpected and unique solutions are identified using the method. For example, one of the teams identified a dump truck and panning for gold as effective analogies for the design of a self-cleaning cat litter box. In the controlled experiment, a cherry pitter was identified and implemented as a solution for designing a machine to shell peanuts. The experimental results also highlight potential improvements for the method and areas for future research in engineering design theory.

Increasing Innovation: A Trilogy of Experiments Towards a Design-by-Analogy Method

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Linsey ◽  
J. P. Laux ◽  
E. Clauss ◽  
K. L. Wood ◽  
A. B. Markman
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Domain Specific Language ◽  
General Representation ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Analogy Method ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Design By Analogy ◽  
Product Description ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Analogous Product

Design by analogy is a noted approach for conceptual design. This paper seeks to develop a robust design-by-analogy method. This endeavor is sought through a series of three experiments focusing on understanding the influence of representation on the design-by-analogy process. The first two experiments evaluate the effects of analogous product description—presented in either domain-general or domain-specific language—on a designer’s ability to later use the product to solve a novel design problem. Six different design problems with corresponding analogous products are evaluated. The third experiment in the series uses a factorial design to explore the effects of the representation (domain specific or general sentinel descriptions) for both the design problem and the analogous product on the designer’s ability to develop solutions to novel design problems. Results show that a more general representation of the analogous products facilitates later use for a novel design problem. The highest rates of success occur when design problems are presented in domain specific representations and the analogous product is in a domain general representation. Other insights for the development of design by analogy methods and tools are also discussed.

scholarly journals E-GOVERNMENT GATEWAY: A USER STUDY FOR USABILITY AND TRUST ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Alper Turan ALAN
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
User Study ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
User Trust

E-Government Gateway is a web application that aims to increase efficiency in public services by enabling citizens to access all services electronically from a single point. This application has started to take a critical place in our lives, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic period. However, we yet know very little about how citizens perceive and use it. This study aims to shed light on users' experience with the application, and to address potential issues they face in terms of usability and trust. To this end, a task-based user study was conducted with 10 volunteer participants, followed by a post- study survey and an interview. The findings of the study, based on both quantitative and qualitative data, show that the participants found the application very useful and easy to use in overall. However, the results also indicate a few design problems. In particular, it has been observed that the difficulty of accessing the information provided by the application regarding data privacy has led to a decrease in user trust. Building on the findings, this article presents a number of design suggestions to improve user experience and trust.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document