Kinesthetic Perceptual Symmetry in Bi-Manual Interactions: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak R. Mohanty ◽  
Riddhi R. Adhikari ◽  
Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Perceptual Illusions ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Resistive Forces ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kinesthetic Perception

Abstract In this paper, we present a study to explore the symmetry of kinesthetic perception. Our goal is to add to the growing literature that investigates haptics technologies for therapeutic and rehabilitative applications. To this end, we study how selective activation/ deactivation of haptic (specifically force) feedback affects human perception during symmetric bi-manual (two-handed) spatial tasks. We conducted a simple experiment where healthy individuals are tasked with stretching a virtual spring using two symmetrically located haptics devices that provide an equal amount of resistive forces on each hand while pulling the spring. In this experiment, we implement four kinesthetic conditions, namely (1) feedback on both hands, (2) feedback only on dominant hand, (3) feedback only on non-dominant hand, and (4) no feedback as our control. Our first goal was to determine if there exists a range of spring stiffness in which the individual incorrectly perceives bi-manual forces when the feedback is deactivated on one hand. Subsequently, we also wanted to investigate what range of spring stiffness would lead to such perceptual illusions. Our studies show that not only does such a range exist, wide enough so as to be potentially utilized in future rehabilitative applications. Interestingly, we also observe that for few cases, symmetry can be independent of the kinesthetic perception.

Motoric and Perceptual Kinesthetic Symmetry in Bi-manual Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ronak Ranjitkumar Mohanty ◽  
Riddhi R. Adhikari ◽  
Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Perceptual Illusions ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Perceptual Aspect

Abstract Bi-manual (two-handed) actions have shown notable success in rehabilitative and therapeutic applications from the point of motor symmetry. Recent studies have shown that symmetry in actions is attributed to sensorimotor perception than mere co-activation of homologous muscles. In this paper, we present a study of symmetric and asymmetric haptic (specifically force) feedback on human perception and motor action during bi-manual spatial tasks. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first procedure to specifically test the perceptual aspect of bi-manual actions in contrast to other works that typically characterize the physical/bio-mechanical aspects. Thereby in our experiment, healthy individuals were tasked with stretching a virtual spring using two symmetrically located haptics devices that provide an equal amount of resistive force on each hand while pulling the spring. In this experiment, we implement four kinesthetic conditions, namely (1) feedback on both hands, (2) feedback only on dominant hand, (3) feedback only on non-dominant hand, and (4) no feedback as our control. Our first goal was to determine if there exists a range of spring stiffness in which the individual incorrectly perceives bi-manual forces when the feedback is deactivated on one hand. Subsequently, we also wanted to investigate what range of spring stiffness would lead to such perceptual illusions. Our analysis shows that not only does such a range exist, it is wide enough so as to be potentially utilized in future rehabilitative applications.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Role of Place in Geographic Information Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Merschdorf ◽  
Thomas Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Geographic Information Science ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Although place-based investigations into human phenomena have been widely conducted in the social sciences over the last decades, this notion has only recently transgressed into Geographic Information Science (GIScience). Such a place-based GIS comprises research from computational place modeling on one end of the spectrum, to purely theoretical discussions on the other end. Central to all research that is concerned with place-based GIS is the notion of placing the individual at the center of the investigation, in order to assess human-environment relationships. This requires the formalization of place, which poses a number of challenges. The first challenge is unambiguously defining place, to subsequently be able to translate it into binary code, which computers and geographic information systems can handle. This formalization poses the next challenge, due to the inherent vagueness and subjectivity of human data. The last challenge is ensuring the transferability of results, requiring large samples of subjective data. In this paper, we re-examine the meaning of place in GIScience from a 2018 perspective, determine what is special about place, and how place is handled both in GIScience and in neighboring disciplines. We, therefore, adopt the view that space is a purely geographic notion, reflecting the dimensions of height, depth, and width in which all things occur and move, while place reflects the subjective human perception of segments of space based on context and experience. Our main research questions are whether place is or should be a significant (sub)topic in GIScience, whether it can be adequately addressed and handled with established GIScience methods, and, if not, which other disciplines must be considered to sufficiently account for place-based analyses. Our aim is to conflate findings from a vast and dynamic field in an attempt to position place-based GIS within the broader framework of GIScience.

scholarly journals Benefits of exercise in older persons at primary level

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Annie Kunda ◽  
Seyi L. Amosun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The National Department of Health invited comments on proposed policy guidelines on the prevention of physical inactivity in older persons at primary level. The guidelines recommended the use of exercises which are dynamic, interesting, fun, easily implemented, safe and tailored to suit the individual needs. In order to make informed comments on the policy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the recommended exercise program among older persons in a local community over a six-week period. Promoting physical activity among the participants in the study resulted in marked improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and dominant hand grip strength. The time taken to perform some selected functional tasks also improved. The findings gave credence to the need to discourage physical inactivity among older persons, but there is need to overcome formidable methodological problems in evaluating the effects of exercise intervention among older persons in the community.

Impact of Fidelity in 3D Space Visualisation Across the Construction Asset Lifecycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Noha Saleeb
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

3D virtual building models are used to help clients reach decisions during concept and detailed design phases. However, previously published research provides evidence for discrepancies between human perception of virtual and physical spaces; thus perceiving each virtual dimension (height, width, depth) differently from its physical counterpart, with varying percentages. This can affect clients' effective decision-making during coordination if 3D virtual representations are not perceived identical to their physical equivalent. This paper discusses the impact of these discrepancies beyond the design phases and into the whole lifecycle, construction and operations. Moreover, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis provides evidence of relationships between the physical and virtual perception differences in dimension, discussing possible factors contributing to perception discrepancies affecting the individual viewer, in 2 main areas 1) 3D authoring software 2) psychophysical factors. Possible solutions are also proposed to accommodate for the discrepancy between physical and virtual spaces.

scholarly journals Humans-as-a-Sensor for Buildings—Intensive Longitudinal Indoor Comfort Models

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prageeth Jayathissa ◽  
Matias Quintana ◽  
Mahmoud Abdelrahman ◽  
Clayton Miller
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Body Sensors ◽  
Thermal Light ◽  
Multi Class Classification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Indoor Comfort

Evaluating and optimising human comfort within the built environment is challenging due to the large number of physiological, psychological and environmental variables that affect occupant comfort preference. Human perception could be helpful to capture these disparate phenomena and interpreting their impact; the challenge is collecting spatially and temporally diverse subjective feedback in a scalable way. This paper presents a methodology to collect intensive longitudinal subjective feedback of comfort-based preference using micro ecological momentary assessments on a smartwatch platform. An experiment with 30 occupants over two weeks produced 4378 field-based surveys for thermal, noise, and acoustic preference. The occupants and the spaces in which they left feedback were then clustered according to these preference tendencies. These groups were used to create different feature sets with combinations of environmental and physiological variables, for use in a multi-class classification task. These classification models were trained on a feature set that was developed from time-series attributes, environmental and near-body sensors, heart rate, and the historical preferences of both the individual and the comfort group assigned. The most accurate model had multi-class classification F1 micro scores of 64%, 80% and 86% for thermal, light, and noise preference, respectively. The discussion outlines how these models can enhance comfort preference prediction when supplementing data from installed sensors. The approach presented prompts reflection on how the building analysis community evaluates, controls, and designs indoor environments through balancing the measurement of variables with occupant preferences in an intensive longitudinal way.

scholarly journals The discovery of third pole between a pair of like poles of an iron-core solenoid and a permanent magnet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Vector Sum ◽  
Repulsion And Attraction

Creation of a third magnetic pole between a pair of like poles has been detected. Reason of the creation of the third pole is very simple but effects and ultimate results of the third pole are unbelievably immense. The result of a simple experiment is the basis of this discovery. In the experiment, like poles of an iron core-solenoid and a permanent magnet have been interacted with each other. Unexpectedly, both repulsion and attraction were produced between the like poles (one after the other) instead of only repulsion.Not only scientists have never conducted this experiment but also their assumption about this matter is totally contrary to the experimental findings. Opinion of a qualified scientist about this matter: “The strength and direction of a magnetic field at any point is the vector sum of all the individual fields at that point, so the situation you describe is not possible as the field at any point will always be a single vector. So it is not possible for the unaligned domains to be attracted by the permanent magnet while other domains are repelled because the unaligned domains will be acted upon only by the net field.” There seems an irremovable contradiction between the experimental findings and the opinion of the scientist but the discovery of the third magnetic pole solves this problem sufficiently.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study

10.2196/20625 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e20625
Author(s):  
Mehrab Bin Morshed ◽  
Samruddhi Shreeram Kulkarni ◽  
Richard Li ◽  
Koustuv Saha ◽  
Leah Galante Roper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Detection System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Background Eating behavior has a high impact on the well-being of an individual. Such behavior involves not only when an individual is eating, but also various contextual factors such as with whom and where an individual is eating and what kind of food the individual is eating. Despite the relevance of such factors, most automated eating detection systems are not designed to capture contextual factors. Objective The aims of this study were to (1) design and build a smartwatch-based eating detection system that can detect meal episodes based on dominant hand movements, (2) design ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions to capture meal contexts upon detection of a meal by the eating detection system, and (3) validate the meal detection system that triggers EMA questions upon passive detection of meal episodes. Methods The meal detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of 3 weeks. The participants reported various contextual data through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria. Results Among the total consumed meals, 89.8% (264/294) of breakfast, 99.0% (406/410) of lunch, and 98.0% (589/601) of dinner episodes were detected by our novel meal detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 96.48% (1259/1305) of the meals consumed by the participants. The meal detection classifier showed a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87.3%. We found that over 99% (1248/1259) of the detected meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. A high proportion of meals was consumed alone (680/1259, 54.01%). Our participants self-reported 62.98% (793/1259) of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior. Conclusions The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture the eating context, which has strong implications for well-being research. We reflected on the contextual data gathered by our system and discussed how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the coracoid morphology with multiplanar 2D CT and its effects on the graft size in the Latarjet procedure

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949902096460
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Sarı ◽  
Hadi Sasani ◽  
Mehmet Ümit Çetin ◽  
Burak Günaydin ◽  
Seyran Kilinç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to reveal the individual differences regarding the size of the coracoid and their effects on the classical and modified Latarjet procedures. Methods: Computed tomography images of 120 patients (mean age: 41.18 ± 12.01 years) without shoulder complaints or shoulder instability were evaluated retrospectively. The glenoid width, the surgical graft length, and the coracoid total length, width, and thickness were measured using the multiplanar reconstruction method on the Sectra Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) system. Age, gender, side, the dominant hand, and the height of the patients were recorded and the correlations between them were investigated. On the created hypothetical model, the current size of the coracoid was evaluated to determine what size of glenoid defects it could repair by employing the classical and the modified Latarjet techniques. Results: There was no significant difference between the right-hand-dominant group and the left-hand-dominant group in terms of coracoid measurement results ( p > 0.05). Again, there was no statistically significant difference between the right and the left side regarding the coracoid size ( p > 0.05). A positive correlation could be detected only between age and the coracoid width and thickness ( p < 0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the glenoid width and the coracoid width and thickness in both shoulders ( p < 0.001). Coracoid thickness could fill in the defects that amounted to 40% of the glenoid width, while the coracoid width could fill in for the defects that were 50% of the glenoid width in both genders. Conclusion: Our study showed that hand dominance and side were not effective on the coracoid dimensions. In addition, it has been shown that the coracoid dimensions did not have a significant effect in the choice of Latarjet technique in terms of defect repair and that repair rates of up to 40% could be achieved in glenoid defects with both techniques.

A hierarchical Bayesian analysis of multiple order constraints in behavioral science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julia M. Haaf
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
The Individual

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Psychology is an empirical science, and oftentimes the main target of interest is an empirical effect. For example, we may be interested in human perception and ask participants to react to light spots flashing up on a screen as fast as they can. Psychologists typically ask whether, on average, participants respond faster to bright lights than to dim ones. In my dissertation, I attempt to extend this question on the individual participant's level: Does everyone react to bright lights faster than to dim ones? In case of perception, this seems reasonable: After accounting for sample noise, we probably would expect that indeed everyone is better at perceiving higher-signal visual stimuli. Yet, we may not expect that everyone throws a ball further with their right hand than their left hand. Clearly, left-handed people may not. And in other areas, we do not have any expectation of whether everyone truly shows an effect or not. In my dissertation, I provide the means of studying the "Does Everyone" question. I develop a set of statistical models including a model where some people show an effect while others show the opposite effect; a model where some people show an effect while others do not; and a model where all people show an effect. I provide a Bayesian model-comparison approach to quantify evidence for these theoretically motivated models. And, finally, I show how the modeling approach can be applied both in a single-experiment setting and in meta-analysis to quantify evidence across many studies.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of Deep Visual Data for Quantifying Facial Expression Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Leo ◽  
Pierluigi Carcagnì ◽  
Cosimo Distante ◽  
Pier Luigi Mazzeo ◽  
Paolo Spagnolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Virtual Sensors ◽  
The Individual

The computational analysis of facial expressions is an emerging research topic that could overcome the limitations of human perception and get quick and objective outcomes in the assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD). Unfortunately, there have been only a few attempts to quantify facial expression production and most of the scientific literature aims at the easier task of recognizing if either a facial expression is present or not. Some attempts to face this challenging task exist but they do not provide a comprehensive study based on the comparison between human and automatic outcomes in quantifying children’s ability to produce basic emotions. Furthermore, these works do not exploit the latest solutions in computer vision and machine learning. Finally, they generally focus only on a homogeneous (in terms of cognitive capabilities) group of individuals. To fill this gap, in this paper some advanced computer vision and machine learning strategies are integrated into a framework aimed to computationally analyze how both ASD and typically developing children produce facial expressions. The framework locates and tracks a number of landmarks (virtual electromyography sensors) with the aim of monitoring facial muscle movements involved in facial expression production. The output of these virtual sensors is then fused to model the individual ability to produce facial expressions. Gathered computational outcomes have been correlated with the evaluation provided by psychologists and evidence has been given that shows how the proposed framework could be effectively exploited to deeply analyze the emotional competence of ASD children to produce facial expressions.

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