Design of an Onboard Directional Anemometer for Bicycles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Hurtado ◽  
Santiago Arango ◽  
Luis Muñoz ◽  
Omar López
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Large Influence ◽  
Main Component

Abstract Wind speed has large influence on the results of road tests applied to bicycles. For this reason, this paper presents the design process of an onboard anemometer dedicated to bicycle testing. The design provides an affordable way to quantify both magnitude and direction of the wind velocity relative to the bicycle, allowing recording on arbitrary wind conditions that could arise during a test. The design methodology was structured with two major phases. The first was centered on the proof-of-concept for the use of a multi-hole pitot tube as main component for the onboard anemometer. The second was focused on the design of the structure, considering both packaging and structural integrity. The prototype of anemometer was tested in a wind tunnel to verify its performance, and it was also tested under severe vibrations to verify its structural integrity. The results showed that this concept can be used as a part of the bicycle instrumentation for road tests.

scholarly journals A Wind Tunnel Study on the Correlation between Urban Space Quantification and Pedestrian–Level Ventilation

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Peng ◽  
Ji ◽  
Hu ◽  
Ding
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Spatial Indices ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Partition ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Partition Method

Correlation research on urban space and pedestrian–level wind (PLW) environments is helpful for improving the wind comfort in complex urban space. It could also be significant for building and urban design. Correlation research is usually carried out in a space with clear urban spatial characteristics, so it is necessary to define the space first. In this paper, a typical urban area in Nanjing, China, is selected as the research object, and a spatial partition method is used to divide the real complex urban space into subspaces. The urban spatial characteristics of such subspaces are quantified using three urban spatial indices: openness (O), area (A), and shape (S). By comparing the quantitative results, 24 (12 pairs) subspaces with prominent urban spatial indices are selected as the correlation research cases. The 24 subspaces also provide a reference for the layout of the measurement points in a wind tunnel experiment. This is a new arrangement for locating the measurement points of a wind tunnel for correlation research. In the experiment, 45 measurement points are located, and the mean wind velocity of four different wind directions at 45 measurement points is experimented. The results clearly show that, when the experimental conditions are the same, the changes of mean wind velocity ratio (UR) of 24 (12pairs) subspaces under the four experimental wind directions are close. The URs of the subspaces are not significantly affected by the wind direction, which is affected more by the subspaces’ spatial characteristics. When making the correlation analysis between mean wind speed ratio and spatial characteristics’ indices, a direct numerical comparison was not able to find a correlation. By comparing the difference values of mean wind speed (△UR) and indices between each pair of subspaces, the correlation between UR and openness of subspaces were found. Limited by spatial partition method, the correlation between UR and the other indices was not obvious.

Sailing Performance of "Naniwa-maru" - A Full Scale Reconstruction of a Sailing Trader of Japanese Heritage

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensaku Nomoto ◽  
Yutaka Masuyama ◽  
Akira Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sea Trial

"Naniwa-maru" is a reconstruction of a sailing trader that used to ply between Osaka and Edo, today's Tokyo, in the 18th to the mid-19th century. The rig was simple; single mast with a huge square sail. It was of totally wooden construction in a genuine Japanese manner. The present paper relates to her sailing sea-trial results compared with performance prediction based upon tank tests and wind tunnel studies. According to the trial the ship could reach as high as 70° to weather on her track and the speed then was some 30% of the true wind velocity in a fair sailing breeze. She was swiftest on a broad reach, achieving more than 40% of the wind speed. The said prediction proved to explain the test results fairly well.

Crayfish chimneys function as burrow-ventilation structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Stoeckel ◽  
Mary Szoka ◽  
Hisham A Abdelrahman ◽  
Jeremiah D Davis ◽  
David M Blersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Tunnel Angle ◽  
Burrow Morphology

Abstract Most crayfish species are capable of constructing underground burrows. Burrow construction provides crayfishes the potential to actively engineer microhabitat and optimize local environmental conditions. Little attention, however, has been paid to quantifying the environmental outcomes of burrow morphology. We examined the potential of chimneys to ventilate burrows via wind-assisted buoyancy ventilation. We first conducted proof-of-concept trials in the field using smoke tracers. We then used a wind tunnel to quantify effects of wind velocity, chimney height, burrow orientation, and tunnel angle on model burrow ventilation rates. We developed a predictive model to predict burrow airflow based on endogenous and exogenous factors, and proofed the model with field measurements from a natural burrow. Proof-of-concept trials showed that during breezy conditions (i.e., 8–16 km−h wind gusts), smoke generated near a natural burrow was rapidly drawn into the non-chimney entry, through the burrow, and out the chimney. Wind-tunnel trials revealed significant effects of chimney height and wind velocity on burrow airflow, but no significant effects of burrow orientation towards the prevailing wind direction, nor of the angle of the burrow beneath the chimney. A model developed from wind-tunnel trials predicted air velocities exiting a theoretical chimney that were within 85% of observed velocities exiting natural chimney-burrow complexes. We conclude that crayfish chimneys can serve as passive ventilation systems for crayfish burrows, with chimney height and wind velocity exerting particularly strong effects on airflow. Costs and benefits associated with chimney construction and ventilation are still speculative but should comprise a productive line of research for future studies focused on burrowing crayfish ecology and conservation.

scholarly journals On the use of very small pitot-tubes for measuring wind velocity

1922 ◽  
Vol 101 (712) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors

A recent paper by Stanton and Marshall describes experiments made to determine the distribution of velocity close to the wall of a pipe through which air in a turbulent state is flowing. In order to measure the velocity of the air, Stanton used a very fine Pitot-tube placed in the pipe so that it faced the wind. There is plenty of evidence that Pitot-tubes used in ordinary aeronautical work do provide an accurate measure of wind speed, the excess of pressure inside the tube over that in the surrounding air being 1/2 pv 2 ,where is p is the density and v the velocity of the air. On the other hand, there are two factors which would lead one to expect that this law might not hold under the conditions which occurred in Stanton’s experiment.

Extremely Gusty Winds from a Viewpoint of Aerodynamic Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Maeda ◽  
Takashi Takeuchi ◽  
Eriko Tomokiyo ◽  
Yukio Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Wind Observation

To quantitatively investigate a gusty wind from the viewpoint of aerodynamic forces, a wind tunnel that can control the rise time of a step-function-like gust was devised and utilized. When the non-dimensional rise time, which is calculated using the rise time of the gusty wind, the wind speed, and the size of an object, is less than a certain value, the wind force is greater than under the corresponding steady wind. Therefore, this wind force is called the “overshoot wind force” for objects the size of orbital vehicles in an actual wind observation. The finding of the overshoot wind force requires a condition of the wind speed recording specification and depends on the object size and the gusty wind speed.

FSS-based triplate antenna design concept for wireless devices

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ashwini Kotrashetti ◽  
B. K Lande ◽  
Ajay Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Multiband Antennas ◽  
Mode Behavior ◽  
Radiating Element

Abstract Conventional multiband antennas suffer from strong interactions among different operating frequencies, complex configurations, low bandwidth, and reduced efficiencies. A design concept for a multibeam multiband antenna in wireless devices is proposed in this paper. The design concept provides a promising approach to augment transmission and reception. The principle of design involves a primary radiating element embedded in a triplate conformation which excites a passive array of multiple frequency secondary radiators, forming a frequency selective structure in triplate (FSST). The higher order mode behavior of the parent antenna characterizes the design of FSST placed in its nearfield. The mathematical modeling and analysis of the design methodology is also presented. As proof of concept, the proposed design methodology is validated with simulations and experiments at four unlicensed communication bands and the results are compared.

Sensor e-textiles: person centered co-design for people with late stage dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Treadaway ◽  
Gail Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Grounded Practical Theory ◽  
The Moment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present design research investigating the development of sensory textiles with embedded electronics to support the wellbeing of people with late stage dementia in residential care. Design/methodology/approach – The research presented is qualitative and uses a mixed method approach informed by grounded practical theory and positive design methodologies. It uses an inclusive and participatory co-design process involving people with dementia and their families with an interdisciplinary team of experts. Findings – Both the co-design process and the artefacts developed have been beneficial in supporting wellbeing. The textile artefacts have been found to soothe, distract and comfort people with dementia. They have also been shown to facilitate in the moment conversational bridges between family members and carers with persons with dementia. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on a small cohort of participants, observational reports and descriptive accounts from family members and carers. Practical implications – The paper proposes ways in which simple hand-crafted textiles can be used beneficially to support the wellbeing of people with late stage dementia. It provides examples of how technology can be used to personalise and extend the sensory properties of the artefacts created. Social implications – It promotes an inclusive co-design methodology involving care professionals, carers and people with dementia with designers and technologists. Originality/value – The paper describes new ways of extending sensory properties of textiles through the integration of technology.

Functional Design Methodology Based on Knowledge Databases Achievements

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 865-870
Author(s):  
Manuela Roxana Dijmărescu ◽  
Dragoș Iliescu ◽  
Marian Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Early Phases

Various architectures exposing certain phases of the design process have been developed. A closer analysis of the presented timelines is leading more to postpone the design solution rather than advancing it in the early phases. This paper advances a new architecture for the design process with the main emphasize on the product functional design, based on functional-constructive knowledge stored in databases, and on the principle of selecting design solutions in an incipient phase and developing them during the further design process stages.

Design and topological optimization of rear pressure bulkhead for a typical aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshal Thakran ◽  
Meenakshi ◽  
Jitender Sharma ◽  
Charles Gilbert Martin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the model of a rear pressure bulkhead with different design optimizations to meet the pressurized cabin requirements of an aircraft. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of the static analysis of a dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead model designed in Catia-v5. Numerical analysis of model meshed in hyper-mesh and solved using Opti-Struct for iterative design optimizations. Findings All the iterative models are analyzed at 9 Psi. Rear pressure bulkhead designed with L-section stringer shows better results than the model optimized with T-section stringer for the same thickness. The model optimized with L-shaped stinger also reduces the weight of the bulkhead without affecting the structural integrity. Practical implications It has been concluded in this paper that the selection of specific shapes of the stringers shows a significant influence on weight reduction. Originality/value This paper provides a topical, technical insight into the design and development of a rear pressure bulkhead. It also outlines the future development of dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead.

A numerical approach for the assessment of crosswind effects on barrier-protected trains running on bridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Porpiglia ◽  
Paolo Schito ◽  
Tommaso Argentini ◽  
Alberto Zasso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Moving Train

<p>This paper introduces a new methodology to assess the influence of a windscreen on the crosswind performance of trains running on a bridge. Considering the difficulties encountered in both carrying out wind tunnel tests that consider the vehicle speed or complete CFD analyses, a simplified CFD approach is here discussed. Instead of simulating simultaneously the windscreen plus the moving train, the numerical problem is split into two parts: firstly, a simulation of the windshield alone is used to extract the perturbed velocity profile at the railway location; secondly, this profile used as an inlet condition for the wind velocity acting on an isolated train. The method is validated against a complete train plus windshield simulation in terms of pressure distribution and aerodynamic force coefficients on the train, and flow streamlines. This approach opens to the possibility of evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle on bridges considering bridge and vehicle as separated. Wind velocity profiles measured on the bridge during a wind tunnel campaign could be used as the initial condition for numerical simulations on vehicles.</p>

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