Optimal Placement of Horizontal- and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in a Wind Farm for Maximum Power Generation Using a Genetic Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Ramesh Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Wake Effects ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Wake Model

In this paper, we consider the Wind Farm layout optimization problem using a genetic algorithm. Both the Horizontal–Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) are considered. The goal of the optimization problem is to optimally place the turbines within the wind farm such that the wake effects are minimized and the power production is maximized. The reasonably accurate modeling of the turbine wake is critical in determination of the optimal layout of the turbines and the power generated. For HAWT, two wake models are considered; both are found to give similar answers. For VAWT, a very simple wake model is employed.

Vertical axis wind turbine operation in icing conditions: A review study

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110618
Author(s):  
Syed Abdur Rahman Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel Virk
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Accretion Physics

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) can be a promising solution for electricity production in remote ice prone territories of high north, where good wind resources are available, but icing is a challenge that can affect its optimum operation. A lot of research has been made to study the icing effects on the conventional horizontal axis wind turbines, but the literature about vertical axis wind turbines operating in icing conditions is still scarce, despite the importance of this topic. This paper presents a review study about existing knowledge of VAWT operation in icing condition. Focus has been made in better understanding of ice accretion physics along VAWT blades and methods to detect and mitigate icing effects.

scholarly journals Design and Testing of a LUT Airfoil for Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoutu Li ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Congxin Yang ◽  
Xuyao Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

The airfoil plays an important role in improving the performance of wind turbines. However, there is less research dedicated to the airfoils for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) compared to the research on Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). With the objective of maximizing the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil by optimizing its geometrical parameters and by considering the law of motion of VAWTs, a new airfoil, designated the LUT airfoil (Lanzhou University of Technology), was designed for lift-driven VAWTs by employing the sequential quadratic programming optimization method. Afterwards, the pressure on the surface of the airfoil and the flow velocity were measured in steady conditions by employing wind tunnel experiments and particle image velocimetry technology. Then, the distribution of the pressure coefficient and aerodynamic loads were analyzed for the LUT airfoil under free transition. The results show that the LUT airfoil has a moderate thickness (20.77%) and moderate camber (1.11%). Moreover, compared to the airfoils commonly used for VAWTs, the LUT airfoil, with a wide drag bucket and gentle stall performance, achieves a higher maximum lift coefficient and lift–drag ratios at the Reynolds numbers 3 × 105 and 5 × 105.

scholarly journals Actuator cylinder theory for multiple vertical axis wind turbines

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ning
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wake Interactions

Abstract. Actuator cylinder theory is an effective approach for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines at a conceptual design level. Existing actuator cylinder theory can analyze single turbines, but analysis of multiple turbines is often desirable because turbines may operate in near proximity within a wind farm. For vertical axis wind turbines, which tend to operate in closer proximity than do horizontal axis turbines, aerodynamic interactions may not be strictly confined to wake interactions. We modified actuator cylinder theory to permit the simultaneous solution of aerodynamic loading for any number of turbines. We also extended the theory to handle thrust coefficients outside of the momentum region and explicitly defined the additional terms needed for curved or swept blades. While the focus of this paper is a derivation of an extended methodology, an application of this theory was explored involving two turbines operating in close proximity. Comparisons were made against two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations, across a full 360° of inflow, with excellent agreement. The counter-rotating turbines produced a 5–10 % increase in power across a wide range of inflow conditions. A second comparison was made to a three-dimensional RANS simulation with a different turbine under different conditions. While only one data point was available, the agreement was reasonable, with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predicting a 12 % power loss, as compared to a 15 % power loss for the actuator cylinder method. This extended theory appears promising for conceptual design studies of closely spaced vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), but further development and validation is needed.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of VAWT Micro Wind Farm for Urban Rooftops

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Tahir Abbas Jauhar ◽  
Sajjad Miran ◽  
Waseem Arif ◽  
Asad Muneer ◽  
Zara Mukaddas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Preliminary Study

Technological advancements have improved energy efficiency and increased energy requirements requiring improved energy density solutions to optimally utilize the existing landscape. The renewable energy density of urban rooftops can be increased by introducing micro wind farms consisting of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). VAWTs do not require directed flow thus a feasible choice. In this paper, the preliminary study for parametric design of horizontal distance between two identical Savonius wind turbines is presented. Three different simulations were performed to reveal important insights about this problem with an inlet velocity of 2 m/s. The results suggest 3D analysis for accurate insights.

STATE OF THE ART OF SMALL WIND ENERGY ANALYSING DIFFERENT CONTROLS

10.6036/10376 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
MARLON GALLO TORRES ◽  
ENEKO MOLA SANZ ◽  
IGNACIO MUGURUZA FERNANDEZ DE VALDERRAMA ◽  
AITZOL UGARTEMENDIA ITURRIZAR ◽  
GONZALO ABAD BIAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Installation Cost

There are two wind turbine topologies according to the axis of rotation: horizontal axis, "Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines" (HAWT) and vertical axis, "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines" (VAWT) [2]. HAWT turbines are used for high power generation as they have a higher energy conversion efficiency [2]. However, VAWTs are used in mini wind applications because they do not need to be oriented to the prevailing wind and have lower installation cost.

scholarly journals Recent Development in the Design of Wind Deflectors for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5140
Author(s):  
Altaf Hussain Rajpar ◽  
Imran Ali ◽  
Ahmad E. Eladwi ◽  
Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Network Costs

Developments in the design of wind turbines with augmentation are advancing around the globe with the goal of generating electricity close to the user in built-up areas. This is certain to help lessen the power generation load as well as distribution and transmission network costs by reducing the distance between the user and the power source. The main objectives driving the development and advancement of vertical-axis wind turbines are increasing the power coefficient and the torque coefficient by optimizing the upstream wind striking on the rotor blades. Unlike horizontal-axis wind turbines, vertical axis turbines generate not only positive torque but also negative torque during operation. The negative torque generated by the returning blade is a key issue for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) that is counterproductive. Installation of wind deflectors for flow augmentation helps to reduce the negative torque generated by the returning blades as well as enhance the positive torque by creating a diversion in the upstream wind towards the forwarding blade during operation. This paper reviews various designs, experiments, and CFD simulations of wind deflectors reported to date. Optimization techniques for VAWTs incorporating wind deflectors are discussed in detail. The main focus of the review was on the installation position and orientation of the deflectors and their potential contribution to increasing the power coefficient. Topics for future study are suggested in the conclusion section of the paper.

scholarly journals Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Opportunities, Challenges and Way Forward

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8000
Author(s):  
Abel Arredondo-Galeana ◽  
Feargal Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

The offshore wind sector is expanding to deep water locations through floating platforms. This poses challenges to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) due to the ever growing size of blades and floating support structures. As such, maintaining the structural integrity and reducing the levelised cost of energy (LCoE) of floating HAWTs seems increasingly difficult. An alternative to these challenges could be found in floating offshore vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). It is known that VAWTs have certain advantages over HAWTs, and in fact, some small-scale developers have successfully commercialised their onshore prototypes. In contrast, it remains unknown whether VAWTs can offer an advantage for deep water floating offshore wind farms. Therefore, here we present a multi-criteria review of different aspects of VAWTs to address this question. It is found that wind farm power density and reliability could be decisive factors to make VAWTs a feasible alternative for deep water floating arrays. Finally, we propose a way forward based on the findings of this review.

scholarly journals Optimizing the layout of wind turbines by upgrading a wind farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Abdelouahad Bellat ◽  
Khalifa Mansouri ◽  
Abdelhadi Raihani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Wake Model ◽  
Different Characteristics

The optimization of the size of wind farms is little studied in the literature. The objective of this study is to renew the existing wind farms by inserting new wind turbines with different characteristics. To evaluate our approach, a genetic algorithm was chosen to optimize our objective function, which aims to maximize the power of the wind farm studied at a reasonable cost, the Jensen wake model was chosen for the power calculation of the park. The results obtained from the simulation on the Horns-rev wind farm showed a significant increase in energy and a relatively reasonable cost of energy.

A Pilot Study of Vertical-Axis Turbine Wind Farm Layout Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lih Shyng Shyu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Turbine Output

The purpose of this study is to investigate the parameters that affect the cost-effectiveness of wind farm land use and wind energy harvesting efficiency. The research team applies two reverse rotating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) to explore how wind speed and various distances of wind turbines affect the operation efficiency of a prospective wind farm. A data acquisition system has been constructed to record the wind speed along with a variety of wind turbine output data in a wind tunnel test in order to identify the layout that help to achieve the best wind harvesting efficiency. The layout is then applied in the field test for further observation and data collection. The experiment results show 1) when two VAWTs are moved toward each other (from 300 cm to 180 cm), both turbines observe performance gain, and 2) when two VAWTs are set at a distance of 1.5 to 2.0 times the turbine diameter, the performance of both units increases by about 11% over the efficiency obtainable by their stand-alone counterpart.

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