Mercury Removal in the Flue Gas Scrubber of a Fluidized-Bed Sewage Sludge Incinerator

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Malerius ◽  
J. Werther ◽  
M. Mineur
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Mercury Capture ◽  
Operation Parameters

The fluidized bed sewage sludge incineration plant of the city of Hamburg started its operation in May, 1997. An acid scrubber was designed as the main sink of mercury. A first modification of the mercury removal concept was presented on the 16th Fluidized Bed Combustion Conference in 2001 [1]. Mercury compounds are now dissolved in the acid scrubber and precipitated with a solution of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate. In the year 2002 the operation of the acid scrubber has been investigated to optimize the scrubber performance. Suspension pH, amount of precipitant and density of the scrubber suspension were varied to find the optimum operation parameters for the capture of mercury at minimum cost. It was found that with an increase of the density of the scrubber suspension the mercury removal efficiency was enhanced such that the dosage of the precipitant could be decreased significantly. After this optimization process the pollutant streams into the environment were minimized. The paper presents the influence of the scrubber operation parameters on the mercury capture using continuous mercury measurements in the flue gas upstream and downstream of the scrubber. The results of this investigation led to both a minimization of the pollutant streams into the atmosphere and a reduction of the operation cost.

Results of Long-Term Trials First Large Scale Fluidized Bed Furnaces for Sewage Sludge Worldwide Boosted by Oxygen

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ludwig ◽  
Gerhard Gross
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Dry Substance

Oxygen is required in every combustion process, including the incineration of sewage sludge. When air is used to provide oxygen the nitrogen it contains is only ballast which has to be heated up in the furnace and which further increases the volume of flue gas to be purified. The process for partial oxygen combustion (POC) jointly developed and patented by Messer Griesheim and Infraserv Ho¨chst avoids this problem. In this process, oxygen is blown directly and transversally into the fluidized bed at supersonic speed. The first promising test results were already presented at the 16th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion 2001 in Reno. In the meantime we have three years of experience with detailed operating results. Up to 2000 m3/h of pure oxygen is blasted into the two furnaces transversally via the supersonic nozzles built into the walling. This results in a highly turbulent flow which considerably improves the mixing and the combustion in the fluidized bed. Using the POC method it has been possible to increase the combustion capacity of the systems from 130,000 to currently 160,000 t/a. The hourly throughput of waste material suitable for fluidized bed combustion has been increased by up to 40%. At the same time the combustion air volume has been reduced by 15% and the specific natural gas consumption by 35%. This considerably reduces the specific incineration costs (€ / t waste material). Alongside industrial and residential sewage sludges with calorific values of 500 to 11,000 KJ/kg (depending on the original substance) and dry-substance contents between 22 and 60%, other solid and liquid waste material suitable for fluidized bed combustion can also be processed, including bone meal, screenings, plastics granulate, spent active carbon, building timber, contaminated packaging material, organic solvents and urea waste. Calorific values can here fluctuate between 1,500 and 42,000 KJ/kg (depending on the original substance) and the dry-substance content between 5 and 100%. The specific emissions, e.g. carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides per ton of incinerated waste material are reduced. Thus the POC process gives Infraserv a third virtual furnace at low investment cost, enabling it to respond to the demands of the market. With this technology, the status of “Best Available Technology” (BAT) was conferred upon the sewage sludge incineration plant operated by Infraserv Ho¨chst by the German Ministry for the Environment.

New Approach to the Emission of Flue Gases Caused by Sludge Incineration in the Netherlands

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. van der Vlies ◽  
J. H. B. te Marvelde
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
The Town

Recycling of sewage sludge will soon no longer be possible in The Netherlands, or will be possible only to a very limited degree. For that reason, part of the sewage sludge will have to be incinerated. This will happen particularly in those areas where tipping space is very limited. A sludge incineration plant is planned to be built in the town of Dordrecht, with a capacity of 45,000 tonnes dry solids per year. The plant will be subject to the very strict flue gas emission requirements of the Dutch Guideline on Incineration. The Guideline demands a sophisticated flue gas purification procedure.

scholarly journals Highly Effective Adsorption Process of Ni(II) Ions with the Use of Sewage Sludge Fly Ash Generated by Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) Technology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kalak ◽  
Kinga Marciszewicz ◽  
Joanna Piepiórka-Stepuk
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the removal of nickel ions due to their negative effects on the environment and human health. In this research, fly ash obtained as a result of incineration of municipal sewage sludge with the use of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) technology was used to analyze the possibility of removing Ni(II) ions in adsorption processes. The properties of the material were determined using analytical methods, such as SEM-EDS, XRD, BET, BJH, thermogravimetry, zeta potential, SEM, and FT-IR. Several factors were analyzed, such as adsorbent dose, initial pH, initial concentration, and contact time. As a result of the conducted research, the maximum sorption efficiency was obtained at the level of 99.9%. The kinetics analysis and isotherms showed that the pseudo-second order equation model and the Freundlich isotherm model best suited this process. In conclusion, sewage sludge fly ash may be a suitable material for the effective removal of nickel from wastewater and the improvement of water quality. This research is in line with current trends in the concepts of circular economy and sustainable development.

NOx and N2O Emission Characteristics From Circulation Fluidized Bed Combustion of Blends of Paper Mill Sludge and Coal

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ping Chen ◽  
Li-Feng Gu ◽  
Chang-Sui Zhao ◽  
Ai-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Excess Air

With the rapid economic development and the increase in population in the whole world, the amount of municipal sewage (MS) is increasing and lead to a rapid increasing in amount of municipal sewage sludge (MSS). Combustion of municipal sewage sludge may be a viable solution for its disposal in some cases and so is its co-combustion with coal. Whereas significant information is available on NOx and N2O emissions characteristics of sludge and coal individually, not much has been reported on sludge/coal blends. In the present paper, investigations in NOx and N2O emission characteristics from circulation fluidized bed combustion of blends of municipal sewage sludge and coal were conducted in a 0.2MWth circulating fluidized bed test facility with cross section of 0.23×0.23m2 and height of 5.9m. Coal sample selected was a kind of lignite, while a kind of paper mill sludge was used as sludge sample. The influences of sludge/coal mixing rate, excess air ratio and second air ratio on NOx and N2O emission characteristics have been studied. Test results show that co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal is feasible. With the increasing in proportion of sludge of the sludge/coal blends, the temperatures in dense bed and freeboard decrease rapidly, and the emissions of NOx decrease while the emission of N2O increases obviously. With the increasing in excess air ratio, the emission concentrations of NOx and N2O increase. While with the increasing in secondary air ratio, the emission concentrations of NOx and N2O decrease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document