Technical and Economic Analysis of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lepszy ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are an interesting solution for electricity production. In relation to other biomass conversion technologies, BIGCC is characterized by relatively high energy efficiency. This article presents models and results of simulations of the gas steam cycles integrated with pressurized gasification using biomass as a feedstock. The model and simulations are preformed with Aspen Plus® computer program. The gas generator model consists of two equilibrium reactors. The use of two reactors led to more precise simulations of the flue gas composition, than the model with one reactor. The systems used for study include high-temperature gas cleaning system and a simple gas turbine. The steam cycle consists of 1-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a condensing steam turbine. The main results of the work are: comparison of energy efficiency for a system with different pressure ratio in a gas turbine, sensitive analysis of the impact of steam temperature and pressure in HRSG on energy efficiency. The economic analysis includes determination of the electricity price in Polish economic conditions.

Analysis of the Biomass Integrated Combined Cycles With Two Different Structures of Gas Turbines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lepszy ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielniak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are an interesting solution for electricity production. In relation to other biomass conversion technologies, BIGCC is characterized by relative high energy efficiency. For the sake of high complexity of such systems, one of crucial tasks is evaluation and comparison of the different technological structures of BIGCC. The article shows models and results of simulations of gas steam cycles integrated with biomass gasification. All models and simulations are preformed with Aspen Plus computer program. In the paper the main comparison is made between systems with simple gas turbine and gas turbine with regeneration. Simple gas turbine model based on LM2500 gas turbine parameters, Mercury 50 gas turbine parameters are used for model of gas turbine with regeneration. The model of gas generator consists of two equilibrium reactors. The use of two reactors led to more precise simulations of the flue gas composition, than the model with one reactor. Systems used for study include low-temperature gas cleaning system. Steam cycle consists of 1-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a condensing steam turbine. The main results of the work are: comparison of energy efficiency between system with gas turbine with regeneration and simple gas turbine, sensitive analysis of the impact of pressure in HRSG on energy efficiency, comparison of energy efficiency and heat and mass streams for different configurations of heat exchangers.

Technology Considerations for Optimizing IGCC Plant Performance

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Corman ◽  
Douglas M. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) concept is gaining acceptance as the Clean Coal technology with the best potential for continued improvement in performance and continued reduction in capital cost. In large part this potential will be realized by optimizing the integration of power generation and fuel conversion subsystems and by exploiting advances in gas turbine technology. This paper discusses the impact that technology advances in the gas turbine combined cycle are having on the commercial viability of the IGCC concept. Technical innovations in such areas as coal gas combustion, plant control, and system integration will ensure that IGCC technology will continue to advance well into the future.

The Reheat Gas Turbine With Steam-Blade Cooling—A Means of Increasing Reheat Pressure, Output, and Combined Cycle Efficiency

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blading

The reheat (RH) pressure can be appreciably increased by applying steam cooling to the gas-generator (GG) turbine blading which in turn allows a higher RH firing temperature for a fixed exhaust temperature. These factors increase gas turbine output and raise combined-cycle efficiency. The GG turbine blading will approach “uncooled expansion efficiency”. Eliminating cooling air increases the gas turbine RH pressure by 10.6 percent. When steam is used (injected) as the blade coolant, additional GG work is also developed which further increases the RH pressure by another 12.0 percent to yield a total increase of approximately 22.6 percent. The 38-cycle pressure ratio 2400° F (1316° C) TIT GG studied produces a respectable 6.5 power turbine expansion ratio. The higher pressure also noticeably reduces the physical size of the RH combustor. This paper presents an analysis of the RH pressure rise when applying steam to blade cooling.

Performance Analysis of Evaporative Biomass Air Turbine Cycle With Gasification for Topping Combustion

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Wolf ◽  
Federico Barone ◽  
Jinyue Yan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Present System ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the performance of a new power cycle, a so called Evaporative Biomass Air Turbine (EvGT-BAT) cycle with gasification for topping combustion. The process integrates an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT), an evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) and biomass gasification. Through such integration, the system may provide the potential for adapting features from different advanced solid-fuel based power generation technologies, e.g. externally fired gas turbine, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and fluidized bed combustion, thus improving the system performance and reducing the technical difficulties. In the paper, the features of the EvGT-BAT cycle have been addressed. The thermal efficiencies for different integrations of the gasification for topping combustion and the heat recovery have been analyzed. By drying the biomass feedstock, the thermal efficiency of the EvGT-BAT cycle can be increased by more than 3 percentage points. The impact of the outlet air temperature of the high temperature heat exchanger has also been studied in the present system. Finally, the size of the gasifier for topping combustion has been compared with the one in IGCC, which illustrates that the gasifier of the studied system can be much smaller compared to IGCC. The results of the study will be useful for the future engineering development of advanced solid fuel power generation technologies.

Performance Analysis of Evaporative Biomass Air Turbine Cycle With Gasification for Topping Combustion

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
F. Barone ◽  
J. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Present System ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the performance of a new power cycle, a so called evaporative biomass air turbine (EvGT-BAT) cycle with gasification for topping combustion. The process integrates an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT), an evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), and biomass gasification. Through such integration, the system may provide the potential for adapting features from different advanced solid-fuel-based power generation technologies, e.g., externally fired gas turbine, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), and fluidized bed combustion, thus improving the system performance and reducing the technical difficulties. In the paper, the features of the EvGT-BAT cycle have been addressed. The thermal efficiencies for different integrations of the gasification for topping combustion and the heat recovery have been analyzed. By drying the biomass feedstock, the thermal efficiency of the EvGT-BAT cycle can be increased by more than three percentage points. The impact of the outlet air temperature of the high-temperature heat exchanger has also been studied in the present system. Finally, the size of the gasifier for topping combustion has been compared with the one in IGCC, which illustrates that the gasifier of the studied system can be much smaller compared to IGCC. The results of the study will be useful for the future engineering development of advanced solid fuel power generation technologies.

Steam-Cooled Gas Turbine Casings, Struts, and Disks in a Reheat Gas Turbine Combined Cycle: Part II—Gas Generator Turbine and Power Turbine

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Turbine Output

High-cycle pressure-ratio (38–42) gas turbines being developed for future aircraft and, in turn, industrial applications impose more critical disk and casing cooling and thermal-expansion problems. Additional attention, therefore, is being focused on cooling and the proper selection of materials. Associated blade-tip clearance control of the high-pressure compressor and high-temperature turbine is critical for high performance. This paper relates to the use of extracted steam from a steam turbine as a coolant in a combined cycle to enhance material selection and to control expansion in such a manner that the cooling process increases combined-cycle efficiency, gas turbine output and steam turbine output.

Influence of Variable Geometry Transients on the Gas Turbine Performance

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joa˜o Roberto Barbosa ◽  
Franco Jefferds dos Santos Silva ◽  
Jesuino Takachi Tomita ◽  
Cleverson Bringhenti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Blade Geometry

During the design of a gas turbine it is required the analysis of all possible operating points in the gas turbine operational envelope, for the sake of verification of whether or not the established performance might be achieved. In order to achieve the design requirements and to improve the engine off-design operation, a number of specific analyses must be carried out. This paper deals with the characterization of a small gas turbine under development with assistance from ITA (Technological Institute of Aeronautics), concerning the compressor variable geometry and its transient operation during accelerations and decelerations. The gas turbine is being prepared for the transient tests with the gas generator, whose results will be used for the final specification of the turboshaft power section. The gas turbine design has been carried out using indigenous software, developed specially to fulfill the requirements of the design of engines, as well as the support for validation of research work. The engine under construction is a small gas turbine in the range of 5 kN thrust / 1.2 MW shaft power, aiming at distributed power generation using combined cycle. The work reported in this paper deals with the variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) transients and the engine transients. A five stage 5:1 pressure ratio axial-flow compressor, delivering 8.1 kg/s air mass flow at design-point, is the basis for the study. The compressor was designed using computer programs developed at ITA for the preliminary design (meanline), for the axisymmetric analysis to calculate the full blade geometry (streamline curvature) and for the final compressor geometry definition (3-D RANS and turbulence models). The programs have been used interatively. After the final channel and blade geometry definition, the compressor map was generated and fed to the gas turbine performance simulation program. The transient study was carried out for a number of blade settings, using different VIGV geometry scheduling, giving indication that simulations needed to study the control strategy can be easily achieved. The results could not be validated yet, but are in agreement with the expected engine response when such configuration is used.

Exergy Analysis of Combined Cycle of SOFC-Gas Turbine Using Coal-Base Syngas at Different Mixture Compositions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Zouhri
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Detailed analysis of exergy on the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) incorporated with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was conducted to explore the performance characteristics of the system. The exergy destruction and exergy efficiency were analyzed at different syngas mixture compositions by varying the compressor pressure ratio. SOFC-gas turbine system included gasifier, gas cooler, SOFC, compressor and gas turbine, combustion chamber and heat recovery system generator. Results showed that using hydrogen-enriched syngas mixture increased the net power and the exergy efficiency. The highest exergy destruction occurred at the gasifier, and combustion chamber.

The Impact of Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Control Systems on Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Z. Shilling ◽  
Robert M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
The Impact

Interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is developing from a need for fuel diversification as a hedge for natural gas price and availability. In IGCC, the gas turbine combustion system is critical to meeting this need. The combustion system also needs to achieve superior environmental performance. This paper discusses specific requirements for IGCC combustion systems that derive from characteristics of gasification fuels and integration with the gasification process. Tradeoffs between system physical design parameters and control strategies must be evaluated in terms of overall functionality of the IGGC process. The key metrics for evaluating “goodness” of design are reliability, availability, maintainability (RAM), robustness to process variability, response to upsets and trips, time to synchronization and startup and shutdown automation. For IGCC, high availability is achieved from the capability of the turbine to robustly co-fire low-calorific synthesis gas with supplementary fuels. Co-firing compensates for shortfalls in gasifier output and maintains continuity of power service during servicing of the gasification plant. Controls need to provide seamless transfers between varying levels of syngas and supplementary fuel, and over the widest range of fuel mixes and power levels. Low calorific fuels provide special challenges to control system design. Variability in syngas composition, temperature and pressure will impact the minimum and maximum nozzle pressure drops and controllability. The effect of fuel constituents on controllability is captured in the modified Wobbe index. Stability and margin against flameout is captured in the upper-to-lower flammability ratio. The paper discusses the restrictions on these parameters for IGCC combustion systems. Control hardware and manifolding necessary with low calorific fuel can potentially conflict with accessibility to the gas turbine. Safe transfers from natural gas to syngas and shutdowns require purge strategies that account for residual energy in ductwork. Finally, the design of the Exxon Singapore IGCC control system is described which provides an extended range of cofiring and load control.

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