A Simplified Method for Determining Gas Turbine Performance Parameters Based Upon Available Catalogue Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamila Ranasinghe ◽  
Hina Noor ◽  
Jeevan Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Overall theoretical performance analysis of gas turbines can be conducted by applying design parameters into several thermodynamic theories and equations. However, limited availability of the design parameters will not provide sufficient room for a detailed analysis. Gas turbine manufacturers publish only a limited amount of design/performance data, while important parameters remained hidden and the available information is not sufficiently enough for obtaining a complete gas turbine performance dataset. Five main parameters commonly provided by a gas turbine manufacturer’s catalogues; pressure ratio of the compressor, exhaust mass flow rate, exhaust temperature of flue gas, overall efficiency, and electrical output. A theoretical model developed based on Mathcad software as documented in literature is used to reveal other hidden gas turbine parameters. A similar theoretical model using another solver was developed to obtain a complete dataset by using the available catalogue data with additional assumptions, which correspond to the commercial state of the art. The engineering equation solver (EES) software has been used as a platform to rebuild the theoretical model. As the main development, a graphical user interphase (GUI) has been introduced to the new program with the aim to make it more user friendly. Furthermore on top of obtaining the hidden thermodynamic parameters for the gas turbine, performing flue gas analysis and an exergy analysis has now become possible through this program. The developed EES program is expected to be run in the learning laboratory at the Division of Heat and Power Technology, Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm and finally it is going to be incorporated into CompEdu Learning Platform of the same division.

First Experiments on an Evaporative Gas Turbine Pilot Power Plant: Water Circuit Chemistry and Humidification Evaluation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas D. Ågren ◽  
Mats O. Westermark ◽  
Michael A. Bartlett ◽  
Torbjörn Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Current Contact ◽  
Alkali Compounds ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), also known as the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, is a novel advanced gas turbine cycle that has attracted considerable interest for the last decade. This high efficiency cycle shows the potential to be competitive with Diesel engines or combined cycles in small and intermediate scale plants for power production — and/or cogeneration. A 0.6 MW natural gas fired EvGT pilot plant has been constructed by a Swedish national research group in cooperation between universities and industry. The plant is located at the Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. The pilot plant uses a humidification tower with metallic packing in which heated water from the flue gas economizer is brought into direct counter current contact with the pressurized air from the compressor. This gives an efficient heat recovery and thereby a thermodynamically sound cycle. As the hot sections in high temperature gas turbines are sensitive to particles and alkali compounds, water quality issues need to be carefully considered. As such, apart from evaluating the thermodynamic and part load performance characteristics of the plant, and verifying the operation of the high pressure humidifier, much attention is focused on the water chemistry issues associated with the recovery and reuse of condensate water from the flue gas. A water treatment system has been designed and integrated into the pilot plant. This paper presents the first water quality results from the plant. The experimental results show that the condensate contains low levels of alkali and calcium, around 2 mg/l Σ(K,Na,Ca), probably originating from the unfiltered compressor intake. About 14 mg/l NO2− + NO3− comes from condensate absorption of flue gas NOx. Some Cu is noted, 16 mg/l, which originates from copper corrosion of the condenser tubes. After CO2-stripping, condensate filtration and a mixed bed ion exchanger, the condensate is of suitable quality for reuse as humidification water. The need for large quantities of demineralized water has by many authors been identified as a drawback for the evaporative cycle. However, by cooling the humid flue gas, the recovery of condensed water cuts the need of water feed. A self supporting water circuit can be achieved, with no need for any net addition of water to the system. In the pilot plant, this was achieved by cooling the flue gas to around 35°C.

Technological Trend of Aircraft Gas Turbines and its Effect on the Development for Ship Propulsion Plants

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. H. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Ship Propulsion

The effect of the main design parameters of the aero gas turbine engine cycle, namely combustion temperature and compression pressure ratio, on the specific performance values is discussed. The resulting development trend has been of essential influence on the technology. Relevant approaches are outlined. The efforts relating to weight and manufacturing expense are also indicated. In the design of aero gas turbine engines increasing consideration is given to the specific flight mission requirements, such as for instance by the introduction of the by-pass principle. Therefore direct application of aero gas turbine engines for ship propulsion without considerable modifications, as has been practiced in the past, is not considered very promising for the future. Nevertheless, there are possibilities to take advantage of aero gas turbine engine developments for ship propulsion systems. Appropriate approaches are discussed. With the experience obtained from aero gas turbine engines that will enter service in the early seventies it should be possible to develop marine gas turbine engines achieving consumptions and lifes that are competitive with those of advanced diesel units.

Evaluation of Advanced Combustors for Dry NOx Suppression With Nitrogen Bearing Fuels in Utility and Industrial Gas Turbines

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Cutrone ◽  
M. B. Hilt ◽  
A. Goyal ◽  
E. E. Ekstedt ◽  
J. Notardonato
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Levels

The work described in this paper is part of the DOE/LeRC Advanced Conversion-Technology Project (ACT). The program is a multiple contract effort with funding provided by the Department of Energy, and technical program management provided by NASA LeRC. Combustion tests are in progress to evaluate the potential of seven advanced combustor concepts for achieving low NOx emissions for utility gas turbine engines without the use of water injection. Emphasis was on the development of the required combustor aerothermodynamic features for burning high nitrogen fuels. Testing was conducted over a wide range of operating conditions for a 12:1 pressure ratio heavy-duty gas turbine. Combustors were evaluated with distillate fuel, SRC-II coal-derived fuel, residual fuel, and blends. Test results indicate that low levels of NOx and fuel-bound nitrogen conversion can be achieved with rich-lean combustors for fuels with high fuel-bound nitrogen. In addition, ultra-low levels of NOx can be achieved with lean-lean combustors for fuels with low fuel-bound nitrogen.

The Fouling of Axial Flow Compressors: Causes, Effects, Susceptibility, and Sensitivity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji ◽  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Andrew F. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Increased fuel costs have created a strong incentive for gas turbine operators to understand, minimize and control performance deterioration. The most prevalent deterioration problem faced by gas turbine operators is compressor fouling. Fouling causes a drop in airflow, pressure ratio and compressor efficiency, resulting in a “re-matching” of the gas turbine and compressor and a drop in power output and thermal efficiency. This paper addresses the causes and effects of fouling and provides a comprehensive treatment of the impact of salient gas turbine design parameters on the susceptibility and sensitivity to compressor fouling. Simulation analysis of ninety two (92) gas turbines of ranging from a few kW to large engines rated at greater than 300 MW has been conducted. It is hoped that this paper will provide practical information to gas turbine operators.

Optimization of an Oxyfuel Combined Cycle Regarding Performance and Complexity Level

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Dahlquist ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Mats Sjoedin ◽  
Klas Jonshagen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Model

The aim of this paper is to establish and motivate the design parameters of a 125 MW Oxyfuel Combined Cycle (OCC) also referred to as the Semi-Closed Oxyfuel-Combusted Combined Cycle (SCOC-CC). This paper proposes a compatible OCC that does not include any unconventional features, beyond what is state-of-the-art in gas turbine technology today. Such features could challenge the feasibility to bring the concept to the market in a reasonable time. The OCC requires a higher pressure ratio compared to a conventional combined cycle in order to achieve exhaust conditions that fit the design of the bottoming cycle. However, a high gas turbine pressure ratio increases the complexity of the machine and must be weighted against the gain in efficiency. The OCC gas turbine is modeled using a cooling model which keeps the metal temperature of all cooled turbine stages constant while seeking the optimum pressure ratio. As the cycle is semi-closed the compressor inlet temperature is a design parameter: it is shown that there is an efficiency optimum clearly in the range of what is normally achievable. As the gas properties of the OCC flue gas differ from the conventional plant, the effects of this on the HRSG design are explored.

scholarly journals Thermal calculations and NOx emission analysis of a micro gas turbine system without a recuperator

2021 ◽  
pp. 336-336
Author(s):  
Yunyun Wang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Luyu Wang ◽  
Fu Zaiguo ◽  
Peifen Weng
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Calculations

A thermal calculation based on a table of thermal properties of gas was carried out for a micro gas turbine system without a recuperator. The performance parameters of the micro gas turbine system were obtained. The results of the thermal calculations were verified using Aspen Plus, and it shows that the thermal calculations fit well with the Aspen simulation results. Based on this thermal calculation method, the variation of the performance parameters of the micro gas turbine system under different pressure and temperature ratios was analyzed. The results show that there is no optimum pressure ratio within the general design parameters of micro gas turbines, which leads to extreme values of thermal efficiency. The NOx generation in the combustion chamber of the micro gas turbine based on the Zeldovich mechanism was modeled and analyzed by coupling the one-dimensional thermal calculation model with the NOx emission model. The relationship between NOx generation rate, molar fuel factor, the characteristic pressure, and the characteristic temperature was obtained. The results of the analysis show that, in terms of controlling NOx emissions from a gas turbine, the use of an increased pressure ratio has a significant advantage over an increased temperature ratio to improve the thermal efficiency of the micro gas turbine.

First Experiments on an Evaporative Gas Turbine Pilot Power Plant: Water Circuit Chemistry and Humidification Evaluation

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. A˚gren ◽  
M. O. Westermark ◽  
M. A. Bartlett ◽  
T. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Current Contact ◽  
Alkali Compounds ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), also known as the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, is a novel advanced gas turbine cycle that has attracted considerable interest for the last decade. This high-efficiency cycle shows the potential to be competitive with Diesel engines or combined cycles in small and intermediate scale plants for power production and/or cogeneration. A 0.6 MW natural gas-fired EvGT pilot plant has been constructed by a Swedish national research group in cooperation between universities and industry. The plant is located at the Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. The pilot plant uses a humidification tower with metallic packing in which heated water from the flue gas economizer is brought into direct counter current contact with the pressurized air from the compressor. This gives an efficient heat recovery and thereby a thermodynamically sound cycle. As the hot sections in high-temperature gas turbines are sensitive to particles and alkali compounds, water quality issues need to be carefully considered. As such, apart from evaluating the thermodynamic and part-load performance characteristics of the plant, and verifying the operation of the high-pressure humidifier, much attention is focused on the water chemistry issues associated with the recovery and reuse of condensate water from the flue gas. A water treatment system has been designed and integrated into the pilot plant. This paper presents the first water quality results from the plant. The experimental results show that the condensate contains low levels of alkali and calcium, around 2 mg/l Σ(K,Na,Ca), probably originating from the unfiltered compressor intake. About 14 mg/l NO2−+NO3− comes from condensate absorption of flue gas NOx. Some Cu is noted, 16 mg/l, which originates from copper corrosion of the condenser tubes. After CO2 stripping, condensate filtration and a mixed bed ion exchanger, the condensate is of suitable quality for reuse as humidification water. The need for large quantities of demineralized water has by many authors been identified as a drawback for the evaporative cycle. However, by cooling the humid flue gas, the recovery of condensed water cuts the need of water feed. A self-supporting water circuit can be achieved, with no need for any net addition of water to the system. In the pilot plant, this was achieved by cooling the flue gas to around 35°C.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ingistov ◽  
Michael Milos ◽  
Rakesh K. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Operational Data

A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Methanol Dissociative Intercooling in Gas Turbines

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Bardon ◽  
J. A. C. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Compressor Work

This paper examines the possibility of injecting methanol into the compressor of a gas turbine, then dissociating it to carbon monoxide and hydrogen so as to cool the air and reduce the work of compression, while simultaneously increasing the fuel’s heating value. A theoretical analysis shows that there is a net reduction in compressor work resulting from this dissociative intercooling effect. Furthermore, by means of a computer cycle model, the effects of dissociation on efficiency and work per unit mass of airflow are predicted for both regenerated and unregenerated gas turbines. The effect on optimum pressure ratio is examined and practical difficulties likely to be encountered with such a system are discussed.

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