Experimental Investigation of a FLOX®-Based Combustor for a Small-Scale Gas Turbine Based CHP System Under Atmospheric Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of a newly designed single-stage combustion system based on the flameless oxidation (FLOX®) technology for a small scale micro gas turbine (MGT). It is used for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) with an electrical power output of 3 kW, using natural gas as fuel. Flameless oxidation is characterized by a flame distributed over a large volume and a high internal recirculation of flue gas. Considering the high combustor inlet temperatures up to 1000 K as required for this application, the FLOX®-combustion concept offers various advantages compared to swirl-stabilized combustion systems in terms of flashback risk and exhaust gas emissions. This paper describes the detailed characterization of the jet-stabilized combustor. Two versions of the combustor were tested, one generic and one modified version suitable for the integration into the micro gas turbine at an atmospheric test rig with optical access. The stable operating range, including lean blow out (LBO) limits, was determined for varying equivalence ratios, thermal powers and preheat temperatures. The influence of these parameters on the combustion characteristics is discussed. Furthermore, the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated with OH*-chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The exhaust gas emissions NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) were also measured. The results demonstrate that the developed combustor design ensures stable and reliable performance. It also offers a high operational flexibility and low pressure loss with NOx, CO and UHC emissions far below regulation limits for all relevant engine conditions.

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biogas on a 3 kW Micro Gas Turbine FLOX®-Based Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger-Ost ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of biogas has currently two disadvantages. Firstly, processing biogas to natural gas quality for feeding into the natural gas grid is a rather energy consuming process. Secondly, the conversion into electricity directly in biogas plants produces waste heat, which largely cannot be used. Therefore, a feed-in of the desulfurized and dry biogas to local biogas grids would be preferable. Thus, the biogas could be used directly at the end consumer for heat and power production. As biogas varies in its methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content, respectively, this paper studies the influence of different biogas mixtures compared to natural gas on the combustion in a FLOX®-based six nozzle combustor. The single staged combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3 kW. The combustor is studied in an optically accessible atmospheric test rig, as well as integrated into the MGT system. This paper focuses on the influence of the admixture of CO2 to natural gas on the NOX and CO emissions. Furthermore, at atmospheric conditions the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated using OH* chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The combustor could be stably operated in the MGT within the complete stationary operating range with all fuel mixtures.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Biomass Fuel Driven EFMGT Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2421-2425
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Biomass fuel as carbon neutral, abundant, domestic, cost effective is being reconsidered to fuel-up the power plant to produce electricity in clean way. But utilization of biomass fuel directly in existing conventional power plant causes problem in turbine such as erosion, hot corrosion, clogging and depositions [1]. As such combustion of biomass fuel outside the primary cycle eradicates potential hazards for turbine. In such a case indirectly fired micro gas turbine opens a door to biomass fuel as this technology is free from negative aspects of direct combustion as well as making micro gas turbine feasible to generate electricity in small scale at non-grid areas for individual consumer or group of consumers. In this research, the effect of different types of biomass fuel on operating parameters as well as on output electrical power of externally fired micro gas turbine (EFmGT)has been analyzed. The biomass fuels are categorized on the basis of air to fuel ratio (AFR) using stoichiometry combustion theory. It is found from results that parameters like air mass flow rate, compression ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbine inlet temperature, combustion temperature, and temperature difference in heat exchanger affect the performance of EFmGT. Also types of biomass fuel have substantial impacts on these performance parameters as well as on electrical power output of EFmGT cycle.

Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of a Double-Staged FLOX®-Based Combustor on an Atmospheric and a Micro Gas Turbine Test Rig

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Thomas Monz ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

To establish micro gas turbine (MGT) systems in a wide field of CHP applications, innovative combustion concepts are needed to meet the demands for low exhaust gas emissions, high efficiency and reliability as well as high fuel flexibility. A promising technology for future MGT combustion is the FLOX® concept. The goal of the presented work is to prove the feasibility of a double–staged, FLOX®–based MGT combustion system on a MGT test rig. The paper reports a reliable operating behavior of a Turbec T100 MGT in combination with the new FLOX®–based combustion chamber utilizing natural gas. The measured exhaust gas emissions are compared for different configurations of the combustion chamber and the standard Turbec system. It is shown that the carbon monoxide emissions are reduced whereas the nitrogen oxide emissions exceed the emission levels of the standard MGT burner. However, they still fall far below the German legal limits. For helping to interpret the results of the MGT combustion system, the double–staged combustor is compared to a single–staged FLOX®burner on basis of atmospheric measurements. Here, it is shown that the margin to lean blow–off is substantially increased by the fuel staging. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the exhaust gas emissions of the double–staged combustor could be kept at a similar very low level by applying the staging. Additionally, the overall reaction regions are reported by OH* chemiluminescence imaging as a function of burner air number. Based on this atmospheric study the transfer to MGT conditions is made and appropriate measures are derived to optimize the exhaust gas emissions of the MGT FLOX® combustion system.

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biogas On a 3kW Micro Gas Turbine FLOX®-Based Combustor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger-Ost ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of biogas has currently two disadvantages. Firstly, processing biogas to natural gas quality for feeding into the natural gas grid is a rather energy consuming process. Secondly, the conversion into electricity directly in biogas plants produces waste heat, which largely cannot be used. Therefore, a feed-in of the desulfurized and dry biogas to local biogas grids would be preferable. Thus, the biogas could be used directly at the end consumer for heat and power production. As biogas varies in its methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content, respectively, this paper studies the influence of different biogas mixtures compared to natural gas on the combustion in a FLOX®-based six nozzle combustor. The single staged combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3kW. The combustor is studied in an optically accessible atmospheric test rig, as well as integrated into the MGT system. This paper focuses on the influence of the admixture of CO2 to natural gas on the NOx and CO emissions. Furthermore, at atmospheric conditions the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated using OH* chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The combustor could be stably operated in the MGT within the complete stationary operating range with all fuel mixtures.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Experimental Investigation of a MGT/SOFC Hybrid Power Plant Based on a 3kWel Micro Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Melanie Herbst ◽  
Anna Marcellan ◽  
Timo Lingstädt ◽  
Thomas Krummrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Electrical Power Output

A hybrid power plant consisting of a micro gas turbine (MGT) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising technology to reach the demands for future power plants. DLR aims to set up a MGT/SOFC hybrid power plant demonstrator based on a 3 kWel MTT EnerTwin micro gas turbine and an SOFC module with an electrical power output of 30 kWel from Sunfire. For the detailed investigation of the subsystems under hybrid conditions two separate test rigs are set up, one in which the MGT is connected to an emulator of the SOFC and vice versa. The paper introduces the set-up and the functionalities of the MGT based test rig. The special features are highlighted and the possibilities of the cyber physical system for emulation of a hybrid system are explained.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of FLOX®-Based Combustor for a 3kW Micro Gas Turbine Under Atmospheric Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger ◽  
Michael Stöhr ◽  
Zhiyao Yin ◽  
Andreas Huber ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the flow field and heat release (HRL) zone of a six-nozzle FLOX®-based combustor at atmospheric pressure. The combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3 kW. The velocity field was measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV). The heat release zone was visualized by OH*-chemiluminescence (OH* CL) and the flame front by OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH PLIF). The results are compared with CFD simulations to evaluate the quality of the applied numerical turbulence and combustion models. The simulations were performed using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in combination with the k-ω-SST-turbulence model. Since the FLOX®-based combustion is dominated by chemical kinetics, a reaction mechanism with detailed chemistry, including 22 species and 104 reactions (DRM22), has been chosen. To cover the turbulence-chemistry interaction, an assumed probability density function (PDF) approach for species and temperature was used. Except for minor discrapancies in the flow field, the results show that the applied models are suitable for the design process of the combustor. In terms of the location of the heat release zone, it is necessary to consider possible heat losses, especially at lean operating conditions with a distributed heat release zone.

Gas Turbine Part Load Exhaust Gas Emissions Turndown Envelope Testing Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen LeClair ◽  
Thomas Schmitt ◽  
Garth Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Economic and regulatory requirements have transformed today’s power plant operations. High reserve margins and increased fuel costs have driven combined cycle plants that were once dispatched primarily at base-load to be cycled off during off-peak hours. For many plants, the increased cycling has contributed to shorter maintenance intervals and higher overall operating costs. Technology advancements in combustion system design and in gas turbine control systems has led to extensions in the emissions-compliant operating window of gas turbines, also known as turndown. With extended turndown capability, customers are now able to significantly reduce fuel consumption during minimum load operation at off-peak hours, while simultaneously minimizing the number of shutdowns. Extended turndown reduces operational costs by offsetting the fuel consumption costs against the costs associated with starting up and the maintenance costs associated with such starts. Along with the increased emphasis on turndown capability, there has been a rising need to develop and standardize methods by which turndown capability can be accurately measured and reported. By definition, the limiting factor for turndown is the exhaust gas emissions, primarily CO and NOx. A concurrent and accurate measurement of performance and emissions is an essential ingredient to the determination of turndown capability. Of particular challenge is the method by which turndown results that were measured at one set of ambient conditions can be accurately projected to a specific guarantee condition, or to a range of ambient conditions, for which turndown capabilities have been guaranteed. The turndown projection methodology needs to consider combustion physics, control system algorithms, and basic cycle thermodynamics. Recent advances in the integration of empirically tuned physics-based combustion models with control system models and the gas turbine thermodynamic simulation, has resulted in test procedures for use in the contractual demonstration of turndown capability. A discussion of these methods is presented, along with data showing the extent to which the methods have provided accurate and repeatable test results.

Experimental investigation of the impacts of selective exhaust gas recirculation on a micro gas turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 102809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Bellas ◽  
Karen N. Finney ◽  
Maria Elena Diego ◽  
Derek Ingham ◽  
Mohamed Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Experimental Characterization of a Micro Gas Turbine Test Rig

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hohloch ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Axel Widenhorn ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

For the development of efficient and fuel flexible decentralized power plant concepts a test rig based on the Turbec T100 micro gas turbine is operated at the DLR Institute of Combustion Technology. This paper reports the characterization of the transient operating performance of the micro gas turbine by selected transient maneuvers like start-up, load change and shut-down. The transient maneuvers can be affected by specifying either the electrical power output or the turbine speed. The impact of the two different operation strategies on the behavior of the engine is explained. At selected stationary load points the performance of the gas turbine components is characterized by using the measured thermodynamic and fluid dynamic quantities. In addition the impact of different turbine outlet temperatures on the performance of the gas turbine is worked out. The resulting data set can be used for validation of numerical simulation and as a base for further investigations on micro gas turbines.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Vanadium Inhibition

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Krulls
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

The mechanism of gas turbine vanadium inhibition is discussed as well as corrosion, hot gas path deposition and exhaust gas emissions. A cost comparison is presented for the various types of inhibition based on a typical power plant situation. A brief description is provided of three different kinds of inhibition systems. The aim of this paper is to provide the gas turbine user with a practical evaluation of the various inhibition processes.

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