Wave Surface of Thermal Layer

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Wave Surface ◽  
Turbulence Flow ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Wave Element ◽  
Thermal Layer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper advances a new physics concept, wave elements developed in flow. A wave element is the wave surface of thermal layer between two temperatures in the fluid if the fluid is not at a uniform temperature. It is generated by density difference which results from temperature difference in the flow. At non-equilibrium conditions, temperature differences exist in each part of a fluid. When the fluid is in motion, wave elements are generated among molecule groups. Wave motion and Brownian motion may be the two basic forms of motion of molecules in flow. Brownian motion is controlled by temperature. Wave elements are caused by temperature differences and the motion of the fluid. The analysis is supported by the experimental data and is further confirmed by the relationship of continuity. The salient finding is that wave motion maybe the origin of flow, such as laminar flow and turbulence flow.

Temperature-dependent reproduction and survival of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Jansen ◽  
T. A. Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Capacity For Increase

SUMMARYThe relationship of survival and reproduction of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to water temperature (2·5–19·0 °C), was studied on the basis of temporal sequence of births and age at death of individual parasites on isolated salmon, and of infrapopulation growth on isolated and grouped salmon. Mean life-span of the parasite was negatively correlated with water temperature: 33·7 days at 2·5 °C and 4·5 days at 19·0 °C. The average number of offspring per parasite peaked between 6·5 and 13·0 °C, and was approximately 2·4 at these two temperatures. Both the period between the successive births of the offspring (max 4) and the estimated generation time were negatively correlated with temperature. The innate capacity for increase (rm) was positively correlated with temperature: from 0·02 (/parasite/day) at 2·5 °C to 0·22 (/parasite/day) at 19·0 °C. Growth of the infrapopulations was positively correlated with water temperature and was higher on isolated fish than on grouped fish, though less than the potential parasite population growth estimated from rm. In the infrapopulations the mean intensity of parasites continued to increase throughout all the experiments on both isolated fish and on grouped fish.

Search for New Physics in Lepton Flavor Violating τ Decays at Belle

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3346-3348
Author(s):  
◽  
YUJI ENARI
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
Final States ◽  
Tau Decays ◽  
Lepton Flavor ◽  
Belle Detector ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We report mainly on a search for lepton-flavor-violating τ decays involving π0/η/η′ final states using a sample of 153.8 fb-1, which was recorded with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- asymmetric-energy collider. We also present searches for other possible LFV tau decays, and discuss the relationship of our results to SUSY parameters.

Non-Equilibrium Thermal Fluctuation in Flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Thermal Fluctuation ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wave Element ◽  
Scientific Testing ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract Non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations present as wave elements in a flow. A wave element is the wave interface between two molecule groups with different temperature; it is generated by density difference which results from temperature difference. Tiny temperature differences always exist everywhere in a fluid. When the fluid is in motion, wave elements are generated among molecule groups. Wave motion and Brownian motion may be the two basic forms of motion of molecules in flow. Brownian motion is controlled by temperature. Wave elements are caused by temperature differences and the motion of the fluid. Wave motion maybe the physical mechanism of convective heat transfer. Non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations exist everywhere among molecule groups in a flow. The theoretical analysis presents that a wave element presents oscillatory behavior along the space and time dimensions simultaneously. The experimental evidence for wave elements can not be directly established at present scientific testing capability because the temperature difference of two molecule groups adjoining to each other in a flow is very small. A series of “enlarged size” experiments of fouling to show the behaviors of wave elements by tracing the movement of molecules are conducted. The experimental study of fouling presents that oscillatory interface along the space and time dimensions simultaneously exists between two densities due to motion of the fluids. The experimental and theoretical analyses are supported to each other.

Two-dimensional SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of heat-modifiable outer-membrane proteins

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Neisseria Sicca ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An examination has been made of the effect which temperature of solubilization has upon the subsequent migration in SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins from the cell envelopes of Escherichia coli K12 and Neisseria sicca ATCC 9913. Conventional electrophoresis in tubes revealed substantial differences in the staining patterns of gels, depending upon whether the envelope samples were solubilized at 37 °C or 100 °C; in the case of N. sicca at least 6 of 13 discernible bands displayed heat-modifiable behavior. The relationship of the bands produced by each of the two temperatures was investigated by a two-dimensional electrophoresis procedure, in which a sample was solubilized at 37 °C and run in a usual cylindrical gel; the entire gel was then resolubilized at 100 °C, and laid along an acrylamide slab for electrophoresis in the second dimension.It was found that "free endotoxin" of both organisms examined contained the same major proteins as the total envelope fraction, and that these free endotoxin proteins showed the same heat-modifiable properties as when present in total envelopes.

scholarly journals Karhunen-Loève Expansion for the Second Order Detrended Brownian Motion

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yongchun Zhou ◽  
Xiaohui Ai ◽  
Minghao Lv ◽  
Boping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Standard Brownian Motion ◽  
Orthogonal Component ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the norm in the Hilbert SpaceL2[0,1], the second order detrended Brownian motion is defined as the orthogonal component of projection of the standard Brownian motion into the space spanned by nonlinear function subspace. Karhunen-Loève expansion for this process is obtained together with the relationship of that of a generalized Brownian bridge. As applications, Laplace transform, large deviation, and small deviation are given.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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