Ignition Stability Improvement and Emission Reduction via Multiple Ignition Sites Strategy Under Cold Start and Transient Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Simon Leblanc ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Jimi Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Engine Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Downsizing, turbocharging, and lean burn strategies offer improved fuel efficiency and engine-out emissions to that of conventional spark ignition engines. However, maintaining engine stability becomes difficult, especially at low load and low speed operation such as cold start conditions. Under cold start operation, the spark timing is retarded to rush catalyst warm-up temperature followed by advancing the spark timing for engine stability. In this sequence, securing ignition while using retarded spark timing is difficult because of the cold cylinder walls and low engine loads. Through previous investigations, the noval multiple ignition sites strategy demonstrated its capability to expend lean burn boundaries beyond traditional single core spark plug and improve cycle to cycle variation. In this work, multisite ignition is tested on a production 4-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine. A large number of tests are performed on the engine to investigate the impact of ignition strategy on emissions and stability during catalytic converter warm up period as part of the cold-start operation. Results show that the three-core spark igniter shortens the ignition delay thus providing a wider stable spark timing window for stable engine operation. As a result, the concentration of unburnt fuel in the exhaust gas can be reduced before the catalyst reaches the light-off temperature.

Experimental Analysis of Telescopic Catalytic Converter in a Petrol Engine to Reduce Cold Start Emission

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
M. Ganesan ◽  
S. Sendilvelan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Off Time

Control of harmful emissions during cold start of the engine has become a challenging task over the years due to the ever increasing stringent emission norms. Positioning of the catalytic converter closer to the exhaust manifold is an efficient way of achieving rapid light-off temperature. On the other hand, the resulting higher thermal loading under high-load engine operation may substantially cause thermal degradation and accelerate catalyst ageing. The objective of the present work is to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst and at the same time to reduce the thermal degradation and ageing of the catalyst to the minimum possible extent. In the present work two innovative approaches namely Parallel Catalytic Converter System (PCCS) and Telescopic Catalytic Converter System (TCCS) have been adopted to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst. The tests were conducted on a 4 cylinder Spark Ignition Engine under cold start condition. It was established that considerable reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using TCCS. Further reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using pre catalysts (40%vol. & 20%vol.) and hot air injection. It has been found that 13% reduction in CO light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 50% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 66% reduction with hot air injector system, when compared to TCCS. Also 14% reduction in HC light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 43% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 63% reduction with hot air injection system, when compared to TCCS. It was also established that light-off time of TCCS can be brought down to 10 seconds using hot air injection.

scholarly journals The analysis of heating process of catalytic converter using thermo-vision

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Barbara WORSZTYNOWICZ ◽  
Andrzej UHRYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Heat State

The article tackles the issues related to a process of heating of three way catalytic converter during the cold start and the heating of the spark ignition engine. The measurements on the test bench were performed, taking into consideration how engine works directly after the start, on the idle speed and under the load, during which the temperature of the exhaust gases in the exhaust system and coolant on the cylinder head were measured. At the same time the track of the heat state of the catalytic converter was monitored using thermo-vision camera. The results of the measurements were presented as charts and selected thermo-grams, qualitatively representing the issue of heating of the catalytic converter.

Effect of key parameters on knock suppression in a two-stroke spark ignition engine with aviation kerosene fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055
Author(s):  
Cheng Chang ◽  
Minxiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Ignition Energy ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Aviation Kerosene ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
The Impact

This research work studies the impact of the mixture concentration, spark timing, and ignition energy on the knock suppression of a two-stroke spark ignition aviation kerosene-fueled engine. Bench tests on different working conditions were conducted and some related data including in-cylinder pressure, cylinder head temperature, exhaust temperature, engine power, and torque were collected to analyze the influence of different control parameters on the knock characteristics of the engine. The results show that the knock can be suppressed at leaner and richer (than the stoichiometric) mixtures, and the richer mixture has a more obvious effect on suppressing knock. Retarding the ignition advanced angle will reduce the knock intensity but will make the exhausted temperature exceed and the output power decrease. The use of a rich mixture with early spark timing has a better effect on the knock suppression as compared to the use of a lean mixture with late spark timing. Reducing the ignition energy can suppress the knock slightly, but experimental results show that it is not an effective way.

Laser Spark Ignition: Laser Development and Engine Testing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. McMillian ◽  
Steven D. Woodruff ◽  
Steven W. Richardson ◽  
Dustin L. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Laser Spark Ignition

Evermore demanding market and legislative pressures require stationary lean-burn natural gas engines to operate at higher efficiencies and reduced levels of emissions. Higher in-cylinder pressures and leaner air/fuel ratios are required in order to meet these demands. Contemporary ignition systems, more specifically spark plug performance and durability, suffer as a result of the increase in spark energy required to maintain suitable engine operation under these conditions. This paper presents a discussion of the need for an improved ignition source for advanced stationary natural gas engines and introduces laser spark ignition as a potential solution to that need. Recent laser spark ignition engine testing with natural gas fuel including NOx mapping is discussed. A prototype laser system in constructed and tested and the results are discussed and solutions provided for improving the laser system output pulse energy and pulse characteristics.

Mathematical analysis of spark ignition engine operation via the combination of the first and second laws of thermodynamics

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2100) ◽  
pp. 3107-3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmet Sezer ◽  
Atilla Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Spark Timing

This study aims at the theoretical exergetic evaluation of spark ignition engine operation. For this purpose, a two-zone quasi-dimensional cycle model was installed, not considering the complex calculation of fluid motions. The cycle simulation consists of compression, combustion and expansion processes. The combustion phase is simulated as a turbulent flame propagation process. Intake and exhaust processes are also computed by a simple approximation method. The results of the model were compared with experimental data to demonstrate the validation of the model. Principles of the second law are applied to the model to perform the exergy (or availability) analysis. In the exergy analysis, the effects of various operational parameters, i.e. fuel–air equivalence ratio, engine speed and spark timing on exergetic terms have been investigated. The results of exergy analysis show that variations of operational parameters examined have considerably affected the exergy transfers, irreversibilities and efficiencies. For instance, an increase in equivalence ratio causes an increase in irreversibilities, while it decreases the first and also the second law efficiencies. The irreversibilities have minimum values for the specified engine speed and optimum spark timing, while the first and second law efficiencies reach a maximum at the same engine speed and optimum spark timing.

An experimental study the impact of the hydrogen enrichment on cycle-to-cycle variations of the large bore and lean burn natural gas spark-ignition engine

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 118868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongbo Duan ◽  
Banglin Deng ◽  
Yiqun Liu ◽  
Shunzhang Zou ◽  
Jingping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Hydrogen Enrichment ◽  
The Impact

The impact of gasoline and synthesized ethanol blends on the emissions of a spark ignition engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laminu Kuburi ◽  
David Obada ◽  
Ibraheem Samotu ◽  
M. Jeremiah ◽  
Zainab Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
The Impact

Considering pollution problems and the energy crisis today, investigations have been concentrated on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products and decreasing fossil fuel consumption by using renewable alternative fuels. In this work, the effect of ethanol addition to gasoline on the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine at various speeds was established. Ethanol was extracted from groundnut seeds using fermentation method. Gasoline was blended with 20 - 80% of the extracted ethanol in an interval of 20%. Results of the engine test indicated that using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels decreased carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as a result of the lean- burn effects caused by the ethanol, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased because of a near complete combustion. Finally, the results showed that blending ethanol in a proportion of 40% with gasoline can be used as a supplementary fuel in modern spark ignition engines as it is expected that the engine performs at its optimum in terms of air toxic pollutants reduction, by virtue of that mix.

Effect of sucrose catalyst in the catalytic converter on performance and emission of spark ignition engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
S Sathyanarayanan ◽  
S Suresh ◽  
M Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Toxic Emission ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Expert System ◽  
Nox Conversion Efficiency

Abstract In this study, experimental attempts are made to reduce exhaust gas toxic emission from the spark ignition (SI) engine. For this, a sucrose catalyst is coated inside the metallic substrate. The obtained emission level was compared with the results of commercial catalysts for lean-burn operations. The engine was operated at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% loads and the highest NOx conversion efficiency of 60.217% at 40% engine load and 70.732% of HC conversion efficiency at 100% engine loadwas achieved. Exhaust emissions from the sucrose-coated catalytic converterare observed as lower than the conventional commercial converter. Also, this paper attempts to predict the emission characteristics of both rigskept under observation using a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES). Both the input and output responses from the real-time SI engine is used to train and test the proposed FLES. The FLES proposed in this study can predict the emission characteristicsof both conventional and sucrose coated catalytic converter with an accuracy of 97%.

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