Effect of sucrose catalyst in the catalytic converter on performance and emission of spark ignition engine

In this study, experimental attempts are made to reduce exhaust gas toxic emission from the spark ignition (SI) engine. For this, a sucrose catalyst is coated inside the metallic substrate. The obtained emission level was compared with the results of commercial catalysts for lean-burn operations. The engine was operated at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% loads and the highest NOx conversion efficiency of 60.217% at 40% engine load and 70.732% of HC conversion efficiency at 100% engine loadwas achieved. Exhaust emissions from the sucrose-coated catalytic converterare observed as lower than the conventional commercial converter. Also, this paper attempts to predict the emission characteristics of both rigskept under observation using a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES). Both the input and output responses from the real-time SI engine is used to train and test the proposed FLES. The FLES proposed in this study can predict the emission characteristicsof both conventional and sucrose coated catalytic converter with an accuracy of 97%.

Techno-Economic Analysis of the Oxy-Fuel Combustion Power Cycles with Near-Zero Emissions

This paper is devoted to improvement of environmental safety in hydrocarbon-firing TPPs. Despite the development of renewable power sources, the number of traditional power production facilities continues its growth. The toxic emission mitigation in traditional TPPs has been deeply investigated, but the problem of greenhouse gas atmospheric emissions is of topical interest. Oxy-fuel technology reduces CO2 emissions and is highly efficient and environmentally safe. Also, it requires relatively low capital investments. Thermal efficiency analysis shows that the Allam cycle facilities have the best efficiency. Their thermodynamic parameters can be optimized with minimal primary costs and capital investments. This newly developed analysis was used to compare the investment efficiency of projects for the buildup of oxy-fuel and combined cycle facilities. Without emission quote payments, the NPV of combined cycle projects is 16% higher, as well as having a lower DPP. The electricity production primary costs in oxy-fuel and combined cycle facilities are similar, which reflects the technologies’ similarity and similar fuel costs. Implementation of carbon dioxide emission quote marketing makes oxy-fuel facilities more investment-attractive. Parametric studies show that when Russia implements CO2 emission quotes compatible with the current EU level, an oxy-fuel facility erection project will be financially reasonable. Thus, it can be concluded that the construction of oxy-fuel power plants is one of the most promising and investment-attractive solutions to reduce CO2 emissions in the energy sector for large industrialized countries. The managerial consequences of their implementation will include the stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring the financial stability of the energy industry.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine with Modification in Fuel Injector

Work has been carried out using four stroke single cylinder diesel engine with retrofit attached with fuel injector and at optimum injection pressure 210 bar and 230 BTDC. The main purpose of using retrofit is to achieve HCCI (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) with which emissions can be reduced. Four Variants of retrofits were used and with V-cut type retrofit it was found that there is reduction in toxic emission like CO and NO but there was slight increase in HC emission when compared with normal fuel injector. Engine performance was compared with normal injector and injector with V-cut and it was found that Break thermal efficiency was increased by 0.25% at full load and 1.53% at 80% load and specific fuel consumption decreased by 0.01%.

Influence of diesel vehicles on the biosphere

Purpose. To identify environmental climatic impacts resulting from the biodiesel fuel use for vehicles (Vs). Methodology. The methods are based on computation of natural resource consumption and toxic emission with the help of environmental footprint calculator being a software program. Findings. The results of integral assessment of the environmental impact (namely, consumption of water, power, natural resources, and emission of greenhouse gases 2, and NOx in terms of such base traction trucks as VOLVO FM, FH, FE, and FL) were computed for biodiesel fuel types 0, 7, 30, 100 depending upon different standards of EURO propellants. Both positive and negative environmental impact factors have been determined for consuming biofuels during full lifecycle of Vs. It has been defined that minor decrease in 2 emission owing to the use of standard modern biodiesel fuel is followed by significant increase in NOx emission as well as power and water consumption in terms of first-generation biodiesel fuel utilization. VOLVO F Vs were applied for comparative analysis of environmental impact by first-generation biodiesel fuel (i.e. 7, 30, 100) and second-generation fuel being hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). Similar tendencies were recognized. Moreover, opportunity to apply biodiesel fuels along with other measures decreasing 2 emission was analyzed. Originality. Originality is stipulated by the use of the integrated assessment of impact of vehicles on climate change as well as use of natural resources while applying biodiesel fuel for vehicles. Practical value. It is possible to forecast environmental consequences resulting from the use of various biodiesel fuels for Vs.

A Study on the Adoption of Electric Vehicles in India: The Mediating Role of Attitude

Pollution of the environment is currently a global concern. Toxic emission from internal combustion engines is one of the primary air pollutants. In order to mitigate the effects of fossil fuel emission and address environmental concerns (ECs), electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted aggressively all over the world. Various governments are encouraging people to switch to EVs by incentivizing the transition. Previous studies indicate that the high cost of the electric car, non-availability of charging infrastructure, time and range anxiety act as impediments to consumer adoption. The Government of India has given a call for ‘only Electric Vehicles’ on Road by 2030. This article is contemporary and examines the different factors that affect a consumer’s adoption of an EV. The respondents of the study are existing car owners in India. The data were analysed using Structured Equation Modelling (SEM). Attitude (ATT) emerged as a strong mediator, influencing the adoption of electric cars.

Review of Motors for Electrical Vehicles

The need for clean energy and removal of toxic emission from internal combustion engines have led researchers and engineers into exploring and developing new drive systems. The development of hybrid cars has greatly reduced the emission level of vehicles. However, this is not enough. The purely electrical vehicles are 100% clean in service and as such their deployment is of great importance. Therefore, these vehicles replace the internal combustion engine in conventional cars and automobiles with electric motors. Hence, the need for the motor drive in an electric vehicle that is highly efficient with low weight, high power density and cheaply available in the market. In this paper, a review of different electric motors with respect to their design simplicity, cost, ruggedness and efficiency is presented. Finally, the brushless DC motor is proven to be an efficient and most suitable candidate for propulsion drive in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. However, its control is insufficient. A conceptual method to improve its control is also presented.

Hybrid Use of Likert Scale-Based AHP and PROMETHEE Methods for Hazard Analysis and Consequence Modeling (HACM) Software Selection

Being a decision-making process, software evaluation and selection is complicated, time-consuming, costly and also critical to the success of the project/work/organization. In this study, evaluation and selection of customized software which are used to identify the physical effect (explosion, fire and toxic emission) distances for industrial establishments containing, using or storing hazardous chemicals has been considered. These software are called the “Hazard Analysis and Consequence Modeling” (HACM) software in the literature. This study first prepared Likert scale-based questionnaires which were distributed to Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) professionals to obtain their opinions. Likert scale was used with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in the processing of data obtained from questionnaires in order to get over the inconsistency problem of pairwise comparison matrices. The Likert scale-based AHP method was used to determine the weights of the criteria, and Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) method was used to obtain the final ranking. PROMETHEE method was preferred for having the opportunity of evaluating the binary “Yes–No” questions in the solution process. Finally, application results were given to illustrate the proposed method by using the PROMETHEE software “Visual PROMETHEE 1.4.0.0”.