Strategy and Practice in Spent Sealed Sources Management in Belgium

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent De pooter ◽  
David Vanleeuw ◽  
Gunter Van Zaelen ◽  
Marnix Braeckeveldt
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Orphan Sources ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
The Eu

Radioactive sources are used for a variety of purposes, e.g. in medical treatment and diagnosis, research applications, measurement, testing, detection and calibration in industry, educational activities in colleges and universities etc. As part of its mission, ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Radioactive Waste Management Agency, draws up an inventory of all radioactive substances and nuclear installations on the Belgian territory. In recent years this inventory has been used to launch specific campaigns for the collection of different types of radioactive sources. In addition to this, the Royal Decree of 23 May 2006 concerning the transposition into Belgian law of the Spent High Activity Sealed Sources and the Management of Orphan Sources Directive of the EU (2003/122/EURATOM) has led to an increase in the number of requests addressed to ONDRAF/NIRAS for the collection of these types of radioactive waste and to an intensified collaboration between ONDRAF/NIRAS and the Belgian Safety Authority FANC/AFCN towards an effective management of orphan sources. Specific properties of these spent sources such as their activity, external dose rate, weight, size and/or their invalid special form certificate may complicate the transport and final treatment and conditioning of this type of waste and that is why these operations require careful attention. An overview of the radioactive sources already collected as radioactive waste or still present in the nuclear installations, different cases and problems encountered are presented in this paper, as well as the waste management options adopted by ONDRAF/NIRAS to deal with this type of waste.

Radioactive Waste Management in Lebanon

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzna Assi
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Orphan Sources ◽  
Radioactive Sources

The disused sealed radioactive sources including orphan sources in Lebanon, along with the growing industry of sealed radioactive sources in medical, industrial and research fields have posed a serious problem for authorities as well as users due to the lack of a national store for disused radioactive sources. Assistance from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was requested to condition and store disused radium needles and tubes present at two facilities. The mission took place on July 25, 2001 and was organized by the IAEA in cooperation with the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC). Other disused radioactive sources were kept in the facilities till a safer and securer solution is provided; however orphan sources, found mainly during export control, were brought and stored temporarily in LAEC. The necessity of a safe and secure store became a must. Prior to October 2005, there was no clear legal basis for establishing such store for disused radioactive sources, until the ministerial decree no 15512 dated October 19, 2005 (related to the implementation of decree-law no 105/83) was issued which clearly stated that “The LAEC shall, in cooperation with the Ministry of Public Health, establish a practical mechanism for safe disposal of radioactive waste”. Following this, the work on inventory of disused sealed sources along with collecting orphan sources and placing them temporarily in LAEC was legally supported. Moreover, several missions were planned to repatriate category I and II sources, one of which was completed specifically in August 2009; other missions are being worked on. In 2008, a national technical cooperation project with the IAEA was launched. Under the Technical Cooperation (TC) project with reference number LEB3002, the project was entitled “Assistance in the establishment of a safe temporary national storage at the LAECfor orphan sources and radioactive waste” which cycle is 2009–2011. Under this project, a national store for radioactive sources in the third basement of LAEC is being established. The area is being reconstructed currently and will be equipped when ready under LEB3002 project. Along with this, a system for sealed disused sources management has been prepared, part of which is applied now and the rest will be applied upon the establishment of the store. This paper will cover the inventory collection process, the study for the establishment of this store, the present and prospective waste management system, and the waste acceptance criteria.

Choosing remediation and waste management options at hazardous and radioactive waste sites

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Greenberg ◽  
Joanna Burger ◽  
Charles Powers ◽  
Thomas Leschine ◽  
Karen Lowrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Options

The Radioactive Waste Management Programme in Spain

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro R. Beceiro ◽  
Elena Vico ◽  
Emilio. G. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
The Future ◽  
Governmental Institutions

The paper will start with an overview of the organisational and financing framework established in Spain for the safe and efficient management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of nuclear installations. Since its creation by Royal Decree in 1984, ENRESA, the Spanish Radioactive Waste Management Agency, is in charge of both activities. ENRESA is a state owned company whose shareholders are CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energe´ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnolo´gicas) and the State Industrial Holding (SEPI), both governmental institutions. In Spain the Directorate General for Energy Policy and Mines of the Ministry of Economy (MINECO) plays the leading role in controlling nuclear activities, since it is the body responsible for awarding licenses and permits for installations and activities within the framework of the existing nuclear legislation. The Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) was set up in 1980 as the only competent body in matters of nuclear safety and radiological protection, and is generally responsible for the regulation and supervision of nuclear installations. Any license granted by MINECO is subjected to the mandatory and binding report of the CSN. The paper will review the steps undertaken for solving the national problems associated with the management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of nuclear installations, including uranium mining and milling facilities, and will address the lessons learnt from the activities developed by ENRESA and the future goals to be met. Regarding the L/ILW (Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste) programme, the main milestones of El Cabril L/ILW disposal facility will be described highlighting the most relevant events as well as the foreseen activities, most of them focus on optimizing the capacity of the already operating installation. The elaboration and signature of a Protocol, at the end of 1999, for collaboration on the radiological Surveillance of Metallic Materials in order to detect the possible presence of radioactive materials is worth to be mentioned because of the involvement and agreement of several public and private organisations as well as the administration. Concerning the SF and HLW (Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level radioactive Waste) programme, the solutions adopted in order to solve the insufficient capacity of the storage pools at NPPs will be described as well as the evolution of the final disposal programme since its beginning and the foreseen goals to be achieved before the year 2010. The last activities will deal with the experience gained during the decommissioning of Vandello´s I NPP and the future decommissioning projects. The decision taken in 2002 by the Spanish authorities to close down Jose´ Cabrera NPP in April 2006, before its 40 years lifetime, has had an impact on ENRESA’s activities.

The Belgian Approach and Status on the Radiological Surveillance of Radioactive Substances in Metal Scrap and Non-Radioactive Waste and the Financing of Orphan Sources

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnix Braeckeveldt ◽  
Peter De Preter ◽  
Jan Michiels ◽  
Ste´phane Pepin ◽  
Manfred Schrauben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
The People ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Orphan Sources ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Sealed Source ◽  
The Cost

Numerous facilities in the non-nuclear sector in Belgium (e.g. in the non-radioactive waste processing and management sector and in the metal recycling sector) have been equipped with measuring ports for detecting radioactive substances. These measuring ports prevent radioactive sources or radioactive contamination from ending up in the material fluxes treated by the sectors concerned. They thus play an important part in the protection of the workers and the people living in the neighbourhood of the facilities, as well as in the protection of the population and the environment in general. In 2006, Belgium’s federal nuclear control agency (FANC/AFCN) drew up guidelines for the operators of non-nuclear facilities with a measuring port for detecting radioactive substances. These guidelines describe the steps to be followed by the operators when the port’s alarm goes off. Following the publication of the European guideline 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources, a procedure has been drawn up by FANC/AFCN and ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, to identify the responsible to cover the costs relating to the further management of detected sealed sources and if not found to declare the sealed source as an orphan source. In this latter case and from mid-2006 the insolvency fund managed by ONDRAF/NIRAS covers the cost of radioactive waste management. At the request of the Belgian government, a financing proposal for the management of unsealed orphan sources as radioactive waste was also established by FANC/AFCN and ONDRAF/NIRAS. This proposal applies the same approach as for sealed sources and thus the financing of unsealed orphan sources will also be covered by the insolvency fund.

scholarly journals Sustainable Manufacturing Process in the Context of Wood Processing by Sanding

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Alena Očkajová ◽  
Martin Kučerka ◽  
Richard Kminiak ◽  
Adrián Banski
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Different Types

The aim of this paper is the issue of a sustainable manufacturing process in the context of woodworking by sanding, as one of the most important technological operations before its final treatment, focusing on a selected pillar of sustainable manufacturing process, waste management. The first step of the experiment was to optimize the pressures of the sanding means on the surface. The optimal pressure of 1.04 N·cm−2 was chosen. The second level was to obtain the wear curves of the abrasive means with grain size 80 (evaluated by wood removal) and the optimal pressure in dependence on the sanding direction (along and perpendicular to the wood fibres and in the direction of 60° to the wood fibres) and different types of woods (beech, oak, alder, pine). The set parameters were suitable for beech and were not suitable for alder and pine. By extending the operating life of the sanding belts via appropriate choice of input factor settings it can be influenced metrics of pillar waste management-savings of material and waste minimization.

Radioactive Waste Management Plan for PMBR (Pty) Ltd Fuel Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosidi E. Makgae
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Good ◽  
The Impact

The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Pty) Ltd Fuel Plant (PFP) radioactive waste management plan caters for waste from generation, processing through storage and possible disposal. Generally, the amount of waste that will be generated from the PFP is Low and Intermediate Level Waste. The waste management plan outlines all waste streams and the management options for each stream. It also discusses how the Plant has been designed to ensure radioactive waste minimisation through recycling, recovery, reuse, treatment before considering disposal. Compliance to the proposed plan will ensure compliance with national legislative requirements and international good practice. The national and the overall waste management objective is to ensure that all PFP wastes are managed appropriately by capitalising on processes that minimise, reduce, recover and recycle without exposing employees, the public and the environment to unmitigated impacts. Both International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) principles act as a guide in the development of the strategy in order to ensure international best practice, legal compliance and ensuring that the impact of waste on employees, environment and the public is as low as reasonably achievable. The radioactive waste classification system stipulated in the Radioactive Waste Management Policy and Strategy 2005 will play an important role in classifying radioactive waste and ensuring that effective management is implemented for all waste streams be it gaseous, liquid or solid waste.

scholarly journals State-of-art in the Improvement of Industrial Waste Management with Radionuclide Levels Not Complying with Radioactive Waste Assignment Criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuznecov ◽  
◽  
K. G. Bocharov ◽  
N. V. Mamakina ◽  
O. A. Kochetkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Management Challenge

The article overviews current practice associated with the management of industrial waste with elevated radionuclide levels (IWERL) not falling under radioactive waste category. It emphasizes that State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom has been actively addressing the challenge of safe IWERL management. A working group has been set featuring experts from FMBA of Russia, Rostekhnadzor, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom and its units, as well as independent environmental organizations. The paper evaluates different trends in IWERL management presenting some proposals on the improvement of the legal framework focused on the management of industrial waste containing radioactive substances in quantities not exceeding the criteria established for waste categorization as radioactive waste. It provides IWERL management cost estimates considering various waste management options. IWERL management challenge has been discussed at Scientific and Technical Councils run by 3 government departments, also indicating the interdepartmental nature of this challenge.

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