The Conceptual Solutions Concerning Decomissioning and Dismantling of Russian Civil Nuclear Powered Ships

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Kulikov ◽  
Rinat A. Nizamutdinov ◽  
Andrey N. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
North West ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
Radiation Contamination ◽  
Selection Of

From 1959 up to 1991 nine civil nuclear powered ships were built in Russia: eight ice-breakers and one lash lighter carrier (cargo ship). At the present time three of them were taking out of service: ice-breaker “Lenin” is decommissioned as a museum and is set for storage in the port of Murmansk, nuclear ice-breakers “Arktika” and “Sibir” are berthing. The ice-breakers carrying radwastes appear to be a possible source of radiation contamination of Murmansk region and Kola Bay because the ship long-term storage afloat has the negative effect on hull’s structures. As the result of this under the auspices of the Federal Targeted Program “Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Russia for 2008 and the period until 2015” the conception and projects of decommissioning of nuclear-powered ships are developed by the State corporation Rosatom with the involvement of companies of United Shipbuilding Corporation. In developing the principal provisions of conception of decommissioning and dismantling of ice-breakers the technical and economic assessment of dismantling options in shiprepairing enterprises of North-West of Russia was performed. The paper contains description of options, research procedure, analysis of options of decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear ice-breakers, taking into account the principle of optimization of potential radioactive effect to personnel, human population and environment. The report’s conclusions contain the recommendations for selection of option for development of nuclear ice-breaker decommissioning and dismantling projects.

Dismantling of Civilian Nuclear Powered Fleet Technical Support Vessels: Engineering Solutions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Kulikov ◽  
Rinat A. Nizamutdinov ◽  
Andrey N. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Term Storage

At the present time six nuclear technical support vessels are operated and maintained by Atomflot. Two of them (Volodarsky FTB (floating technical base) and Lepse FTB) were taken out of service for decommissioning and are stored afloat. One more vessel Lotta FTB should be decommissioned during next two years. The nuclear technological support ships carrying spent nuclear fuel (SNF), liquid and solid radioactive wastes (LRW and SRW) appear to be a possible radiation contamination of Murmansk region and Kola Bay because the Ship long-term storage afloat has the negative effect on hull’s structures technical condition. As a result of this in the context of the Federal Program “Nuclear and Radiation Safety” (2008–2015) NIPTB Onega OAO was engaged by state corporation Rosatom to develop the dismantling procedure for Volodarsky FTB and Lotta FTB. Before developing of nuclear technological support ships decommissioning projects the technical and economic assessment of decommissioning/dismantling was carried out. The following options were examined: - formation of module as one-piece Ship’s hull for long-term storage at Saida Bay; - formation of separated modules for long-term storage at Saida Bay; - complete dismantling of hull’s structures, systems and equipment with packing all generated SRW into certified long-term storage containers. This paper contains description of options, research procedure, comparative analysis of options of decommissioning and dismantling (D&D) of nuclear technological support ships and its difference with dismantling of nuclear submarine.

Decommissioning and Dismantling Solution Development for Volodarsky Civil Nuclear Fleet Support Ship

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Koulikov ◽  
Rinat A. Nizamutdinov ◽  
Andrey N. Abramov ◽  
Anatoly I. Tsubanikov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
Solid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Federal Special Purpose Program ◽  
Term Storage

Having about 200 tons of solid radioactive waste aboard, the Volodarskiy Floating Technical Base (FTB) is a potential radiation pollution source for the Murmansk region and Kola Bay, as her long-term berthing negatively affects the hull structures. Thereby, Atomflot collaborated with ANO Aspect-Konversia and JSC NIPTB Onega within the frameworks of Federal Special-purpose Program “Assurance of Nuclear and Radiation Safety for 2008 and for the period up to 2015” and developed the Volodarskiy FTB dismantling concept. In 2008 in the course of development of the Volodarskiy FTB dismantling concept the following works were carried out: 1) vessel condition survey, including SRW radiological analysis; 2) feasibility study of the Volodarskiy FTB dismantling alternatives. In this regard the following alternatives were analyzed: – formation of the package assembly in the form of vessel’s undivided hull for durable storage in the Saida long-term storage facility (LTSF); - formation of individual SRW package assemblies for durable storage in the Saida LTSF; - comprehensive recycling of all solid radioactive waste by disposal in protective containers. 3) selection and approval of the dismantling alternative. The alternative of formation of individual SRW package assemblies for durable storage in the Saida LTSF was selected by the Rosatom State Corporation. In this case the works will be performed on a step-by-step basis at the Atomflot enterprise and SRE Nerpa. The conceptual dismantling technology was developed for the selected Volodarskiy FTB dismantling option. The proceedings contain description of options, analysis procedure and proposal for further study of mentioned challenge.

The climatic potential for field hay drying in north-west Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thompson ◽  
I. A. Barrie ◽  
L. D. J. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
North West ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Continental Climate

SUMMARYA model of a drying swath has been developed and used with 20-year long meteorological data sets from 32 sites in north-west Europe to provide an objective assessment of the influence of weather on field hay drying. The model considered the swath in terms of its bulk properties but incorporated the effects on swath drying of soil evaporation and stubble transpiration: delays in swath drying caused by interception of rain or dew were calculated explicitly.A cutting season from May to September was assumed, and results given in terms of the number of daily cuts reaching various moisture contents in less than 10 days, and especially those reaching 25% (dry-weight basis) within 5 days so that dry-matter losses were relatively small, and immediate long-term storage was possible. Rainfall amounts on the faster-drying swaths were usually less than 1 mm. A large inter-annual variability in hay-drying prospects was demonstrated, even at sites with fairly good climates for drying on average. The most favourable conditions for field drying were shown to occur substantially earlier in the cutting season at maritime sites than at those with a more continental climate. Conditioning of the swath allowed more cuts to dry to a prescribed moisture content, but with the penalty of larger average rainfall on the swath, and consequent loss of quality.

scholarly journals The effects of freezing on long-term storage of canine erythrocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Aktaran Bala ◽  
M. Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Abstract Human medicine studies have so far demonstrated that erythrocytes may be preserved and stored at low temperatures for decades retaining their metabolic and biochemical properties. However, detailed studies regarding this problem are not yet available in veterinary medicine. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate time-dependent effects of long-term frozen storage of canine red blood cells. Twelve healthy adult dogs meeting the criteria for blood transfusion were used in the study. Whole blood samples (450 ± 45 ml) collected from each dog were centrifuged by a cryogenic microcentrifuge and packed RBC suspensions were obtained. The samples were prewashed three times in 0.9% NaCl solution and were allocated into three groups to be evaluated at three different time points (day 0 and month 4 and 6). The samples to be frozen were subjected to glycerolization and then stored at −80°C for 4 and 6-month periods. At the end of this period the packed RBC samples were thawed, centrifuged and then washed in a consecutive series of dextrose solutions. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), Adenosin triphosphate (ATP), supernatant hemoglobin (SupHb), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels, residual glycerol concentrations and hemograms were evaluated and compared. Sterility tests were performed on all samples for bacterial contamination. A statistically significant decrease was noted in potassium levels, which was the natural outcome of deglycerolization process. No significant change was observed in terms of other parameters due based on different time points. In conclusion, long-term frozen storage had no negative effect on the quality parameters of canine erythrocytes.

scholarly journals REALITA AND THE VILLAGE FUNDS IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Farid Th. Musa ◽  
Yudianto R. Takuloe
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Village funds are a form of the Republic of Indonesia's government program which launched the concept of Building Indonesia from Pingiran. This program is closely related to the empowerment of rural communities to improve community welfare. The budget, which has been launched in the amount of billions of rupiah for rural communities, is expected to bring changes in their daily lives. Community involvement in this program is intended so that the community is no longer the object of development but becomes the subject of development. On the other hand, village funds also have a negative effect, namely misuse of these funds by village officials. To explore the reality of this village fund, data on the use of funds has been used since its inception until now. To reveal this phenomenon, a study is needed to reveal the usage. This research was conducted in Gorontalo Regency which has 18 Districts, 191 Villages, which quantitatively has the largest number of villages in Gorontalo Province. Another thing about the selection of Gorontalo District as a research location is based on the consideration of having a coastal village and an agricultural village. The existence of these two villages is interesting to conduct research on village funds. In this study using qualitative methods with data collection stages, namely: initial observation, interviews and documents. The data analysis used was Huberman and Miles. The choice of the analysis method is based on the consideration of uncovering a phenomenon and nomena, which requires the researcher to directly associate and live with the community to be studied.Efforts made in the use of village funds are oriented towards long-term needs

scholarly journals Ultra-High-Throughput Microarray Generation and Liquid Dispensing Using Multiple Disposable Piezoelectric Ejectors

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huangpin Ben Hsieh ◽  
John Fitch ◽  
Dave White ◽  
Frank Torres ◽  
Joy Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Ejector System ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Selection Of

The authors have constructed an array of 12 piezoelectric ejectors for printing biological materials. A single-ejector footprint is 8 mm in diameter, standing 4 mm high with 2 reservoirs totaling 76 µL. These ejectors have been tested by dispensing various fluids in several environmental conditions. Reliable drop ejection can be expected in both humidity-controlled and ambient environments over extended periods of time and in hot and cold room temperatures. In a prototype system, 12 ejectors are arranged in a rack, together with an X - Y stage, to allow printing any pattern desired. Printed arrays of features are created with a biological solution containing bovine serum albumin conjugated oligonucleotides, dye, and salty buffer. This ejector system is designed for the ultra-high-throughput generation of arrays on a variety of surfaces. These single or racked ejectors could be used as long-term storage vessels for materials such as small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, or cell libraries, which would allow for efficient preprogrammed selection of individual clones and greatly reduce the chance of cross-contamination and loss due to transfer. A new generation of design ideas includes plastic injection molded ejectors that are inexpensive and disposable and handheld personal pipettes for liquid transfer in the nanoliter regime. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2004:85-94)

Determination of Mating Type of Phytophthora Infestans and Long Term Preservation by Using Mineral Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Xin Xin Li ◽  
Sheng Jun Xu ◽  
Xuan Zhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
North West ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Fitness Index ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Seventy six isolates of Phytophthora infestans from North-West China was determined for the mating type, and an effective preservation method using mineral oil was developed. All P. infestans isolated had A1-mating type. When the isolated were stored in mineral oil, 94.9% of P. infestans isolates were viable. The composite fitness index of P. infestans isolates preserved in mineral oil accounted for 14,806~119,935 sporangia per cm2, with 40,926 sporangia per cm2 for the average composite fitness index. All data suggest that mineral oil preservation for P. infestans can be an easy and efficient preservation method for long term storage of P. infestans without losing pathogenicity.

Optimised production and spray drying of ACE-inhibitory enzyme-modified cheese

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Amighi ◽  
Zahra Emam-Djomeh ◽  
Ashkan Madadlou
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Cheese Curd ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Ace Inhibitory ◽  
Selection Of

The proteolytic stage of the digestion process of white cheese curd was optimised to maximise the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of the final enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) paste. It was found that bioactive peptides generation in EMC paste was of multi-variable dependent nature and could be optimised by targeted selection of specific component variables. Maximum ACE-inhibitory was obtained by proteolysis at 48 °C for 25 h with 1 g Flavourzyme/kg cheese curd. This bioactive EMC paste was subsequently spray-dried. The drying conditions were optimised to obtain a highly soluble powder to warrant quick and complete hydration, with the lowest water activity to maximise long term storage. The higher the inlet drying air temperature, the greater was the solubility of resultant EMC powder. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the highest drying air temperature (200 °C) resulted in a lower glass transition temperature for the potentially bioactive EMC powder.

scholarly journals The effect of ethanol concentration on the morphological and molecular preservation of insects for biodiversity studies

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10799
Author(s):  
Daniel Marquina ◽  
Mateusz Buczek ◽  
Fredrik Ronquist ◽  
Piotr Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Effect

Traditionally, insects collected for scientific purposes have been dried and pinned, or preserved in 70% ethanol. Both methods preserve taxonomically informative exoskeletal structures well but are suboptimal for preserving DNA for molecular biology. Highly concentrated ethanol (95–100%), preferred as a DNA preservative, has generally been assumed to make specimens brittle and prone to breaking. However, systematic studies on the correlation between ethanol concentration and specimen preservation are lacking. Here, we tested how preservative ethanol concentration in combination with different sample handling regimes affect the integrity of seven insect species representing four orders, and differing substantially in the level of sclerotization. After preservation and treatments (various levels of disturbance), we counted the number of appendages (legs, wings, antennae, or heads) that each specimen had lost. Additionally, we assessed the preservation of DNA after long-term storage by comparing the ratio of PCR amplicon copy numbers to an added artificial standard. We found that high ethanol concentrations indeed induce brittleness in insects. However, the magnitude and nature of the effect varied strikingly among species. In general, ethanol concentrations at or above 90% made the insects more brittle, but for species with robust, thicker exoskeletons, this did not translate to an increased loss of appendages. Neither freezing the samples nor drying the insects after immersion in ethanol had a negative effect on the retention of appendages. However, the morphology of the insects was severely damaged if they were allowed to dry. We also found that DNA preserves less well at lower ethanol concentrations when stored at room temperature for an extended period. However, the magnitude of the effect varies among species; the concentrations at which the number of COI amplicon copies relative to the standard was significantly decreased compared to 95% ethanol ranged from 90% to as low as 50%. While higher ethanol concentrations positively affect long-term DNA preservation, there is a clear trade-off between preserving insects for morphological examination and genetic analysis. The optimal ethanol concentration for the latter is detrimental for the former, and vice versa. These trade-offs need to be considered in large insect biodiversity surveys and other projects aiming to combine molecular work with traditional morphology-based characterization of collected specimens.

scholarly journals The effect of ethanol concentration on the morphological and molecular preservation of insects for biodiversity studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marquina ◽  
Mateusz Buczek ◽  
Fredrik Ronquist ◽  
Piotr Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract1. Traditionally, insects collected for scientific purposes have been dried and pinned, or preserved in 70 % ethanol. Both methods preserve taxonomically informative exoskeletal structures well but are suboptimal for preserving DNA. Highly concentrated ethanol (95 – 100 %), preferred as a DNA preservative, has generally been assumed to make specimens brittle and prone to breaking. However, systematic studies on the correlation between ethanol concentration and specimen preservation are lacking.2. We tested how preservative ethanol concentration in combination with different sample handling regimes affect the integrity of seven insect species representing four orders, and differing substantially in the level of sclerotization. After preservation and treatments (various levels of disturbance), we counted the number of appendages (legs, wings, antennae, heads) that specimens had lost. Additionally, we assessed the preservation of DNA after long-term storage by comparing the ratio of PCR amplicon copy numbers to an added artificial standard.3. We found that high ethanol concentrations indeed induce brittleness in insects. However, the magnitude and nature of the effect varied strikingly among species. In general, ethanol concentrations at or above 90 % made the insects more brittle, but for species with robust, thicker exoskeletons, this did not translate to an increased loss of appendages. Neither freezing nor drying the insects after immersion in ethanol had a negative effect on the retention of appendages. We also found that DNA preserves less well at lower ethanol concentrations when stored at room temperature for an extended period. However, the magnitude of the effect varies among species; the concentrations at which the number of COI amplicon copies relative to the standard was significantly decreased compared to 95 % ethanol ranged from 90 % to as low as 50 %.4. While higher ethanol concentrations positively affect long-term DNA preservation, there is a clear trade-off between preserving insects for morphological examination and genetic analysis. The optimal ethanol concentration for the latter is detrimental for the former, and vice versa. These trade-offs need to be considered in large insect biodiversity surveys and other projects aiming to combine molecular work with traditional morphology-based characterization of collected specimens.

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