Combustion Properties of Spray Flames of Canola Methyl Ester and Diesel Blends

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Aldana ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
No Emissions

Canola methyl ester (CME) is a biofuel that is produced by the transesterification of canola oil; it is renewable, carbon-neutral and low in sulfur content. The objective of this study was to document the combustion characteristics of spray flames of CME and No 2 diesel (petroleum fuel) blends. Three blends with 25%, 50% and 75% volume concentration of CME were studied. The fuel was atomized and mixed with air in a heated environment at a supply equivalence ratio of 0.62. Measurements of global CO and NO emissions, inflame temperature and in-flame concentrations of combustion products were made. The near-injector homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in size with the addition of CME. The global CO and NO emissions decreased with the increase in CME content in the fuel blend. The in-flame NO concentration profiles and flame temperature profiles followed similar trends, suggesting that the thermal mechanism of NO formation was dominant in these flames.

Laminar Partially Premixed Flames of Blends of Pre-Vaporized Jet-A Fuel and Palm Methyl Ester

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Balakrishnan ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Biofuels, such as palm methyl ester (PME), are attractive alternates to petroleum fuels. In order to isolate the effects of fuel chemistry on the combustion properties, laminar partially premixed pre-vaporized flames of blends of Jet-A and PME (volume concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% PME) were studied. A stainless steel circular tube (ID of 9.5 mm) served as the burner. The liquid fuel was supplied with a syringe pump into a high temperature (390°C) air flow to vaporize it completely without coking. The fuel flow rate was maintained constant and the air flow rate adjusted to obtain burner-exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3 and 7. The global flame properties including flame length, CO and NO emission indices, radiative heat fraction and in-flame properties including gas concentration (CO, CO2, NO, O2), temperature and soot volume fraction were measured. The near-burner homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in length with the addition of PME at all equivalence ratios. The concentration and global emission measurements highlight the non-monotonic variation of properties with the volume concentration of PME in the fuel. The fuel-bound oxygen of PME affected the combustion properties significantly.

Effect of compression ratio variation and waste cooking oil methyl ester on the combustion and emission characteristics of an engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Hojati ◽  
Alireza Shirneshan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Blends

In this research, a thermodynamic zero-dimensional model has been done to predict performance characteristics (in-cylinder pressure, heat released, and the thermal efficiency) of a diesel engine with the use of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80, and B100) at different compression ratios (14, 15, 16, 17, and 18). The corresponding mathematical and thermodynamic relationships have been solved in MATLAB. Based on the experimental tests, it was found that the developed model can predict the engine variables sufficiently. According to the results, the heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased for all fuel blends by an increase in the compression ratio. Moreover, with the increasing biodiesel amount in the fuel blend (up to 50%) heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased but these variables have a reduction when biodiesel percentage increases from 50 to 100 due to the lower heating value of waste cooking oil methyl ester in comparison with neat diesel fuel. Moreover, according to the experimental tests, carbon monoxide emission was reduced when biodiesel proportion increased in the fuel blend but the nitrogen oxides emitted from the engine enhanced when biodiesel amount in the fuel mixture increased. According to the results, it can be concluded that B50 has better combustion characteristics among all fuel blends.

scholarly journals Dependence of Soot Production on Fuel Blend Characteristics and Combustion Conditions

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Blazowski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Petroleum Resources

Liquid synthetic fuels derived from non-petroleum resources will play a major role in meeting future national energy demands. In the case of gas turbine applications, it is known that the different properties of these fuels can rusult in substantially altered combustion performance. Most importantly, decreased fuel hydrogen content resulting from an increased aromatic content has been observed to result in increased exhaust smoke and particulates as well as greater flame luminosity. This paper contributes empirical information and insight which allows the greater soot formation tendencies of low hydrogen content fuels to be better understood. A small scale laboratory device which simulates the strongly backmixed conditions present in the primary zone of a gas turbine combustor is utilized. The Jet Stirred Combustor provides for very rapid mixing between a premixture of vaporized fuel and air and the combustion products within a 5.08-cm-dia hemispherical reactor. Results to be presented are gaseous combustion product distributions, incipient soot limits, and soot production (mg) for a variety of fuels. The influences of combustor inlet temperature and reactor mass loading have been evaluated and the sooting characteristics of fuel blends have been studied. These results have been analyzed to develop useful correlation which are in general agreement with existing mechanistic concepts of the soot formation process.

scholarly journals Certain investigation in a compression ignition engine using rice bran methyl ester fuel blends with ethanol additive

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Krishnan ◽  
Maran Punnaivanam ◽  
Satheeshkumar Koodalingam
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study and analysis, the physical properties such as calorific value, viscosity, flash, and fire point temperatures of rice bran oil methyl ester were found. The rice bran oil biodiesel has been prepared by transesterification process from pure rice bran oil in the presence of methanol and NaOH. Moreover, property enhancement of rice bran oil methyl ester was also made by adding different additives such as ethanol in various proportions. Rice bran oil methyl ester with 1, 3, and 5% ethanol were analyzed for its fuel properties. The effects of diesel-B20ROME blends with ethanol additive of 1, 3, and 5% on a compression ignition engine were examined considering its emissions. It is found that the increase in biodiesel concentration in the fuel blend influences CO2 and NOx emissions. On the other hand CO and HC emissions are reduced. It is interesting to observe the emission as ethanol-B20ROME blends, reduces CO2 and NOx which are the major contributors to global warming. As the NOx and CO2 can be reduced drastically by the proposed blends, the global warming can be reduced considerably.

Dependence of Soot Production on Fuel Blend Characteristics and Combustion Conditions

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Blazowski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Primary Zone

Liquid synthetic fuels derived from nonpetroleum resources will play a major role in meeting future national energy demands. In the case of gas turbine applications, it is known that the different properties of these fuels can result in substantially altered combustion performance. Most importantly, decreased fuel hydrogen content resulting from an increased aromatic content has been observed to result in increased exhaust smoke and particulates as well as greater flame luminosity. This paper contributes empirical information and insight which allows the greater soot formation tendencies of low hydrogen content fuels to be better understood. A small scale laboratory device which simulates the strongly backmixed conditions present in the primary zone of a gas turbine combustor is utilized. The Jet Stirred Combustor provides for very rapid mixing between a premixture of vaporized fuel and air and the combustion products within a 5.08 cm dia hemispherical reactor. Results to be presented are gaseous combustion product distributions, incipient soot limits, and soot production (mg/l) for a variety of fuels. The influences of combustor inlet temperature and reactor mass loading have been evaluated and the sooting characteristics of fuel blends have been studied. These results have been analyzed to develop useful correlations which are in general agreement with existing mechanistic concepts of the soot formation process.

The Effect of TiO2 on Engine Emissions for Gas Turbine engine Fueled with jatropha, butanol, Soya and Rapeseed Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Booma Devi ◽  
D. Raja Joseph ◽  
R. Gokulnath ◽  
S. Manigandan ◽  
P. Gunasekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Fuel Jet

AbstractThis paper aims in assessing the effect of biofuel blend such as butanol, jatropha methyl ester, soya methyl ester and rapeseed methyl ester as an additive for the aviation fuel. In addition to the blends, the nanoparticle TiO2 of 3 % is added to the biofuel. The nanoparticle mixed at the concentration of 300ppm by ultrasonication process. The fuel Jet A, B27T, J27T, S27T and R27T are investigated for combustion and emission characteristics for various throttle settings in micro gas turbine engine. Addition of additives improves the ultimate property of the fuel by reducing the kinematic viscosity. The fuel blend B27T reports 25 % increase in total static thrust and 22 % reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption. From the results it is evident that, all fuel blends showed a significant reduction in emission values owing to high oxygen content. In addition, the thermal efficiency of the B27T and J27T is improved appreciably to 30 % and 10 % higher than Jet A fuel owing to the influence of the nanoparticle TiO2. On the other hand, the emissions like CO and NOx reduced drastically up to 70 % and 45 % respectively.

Combustion Characteristics of Spray Flames of Canola Methyl Ester/Diesel Blends in a Furnace

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory D. Morton ◽  
Victor H. Tran ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spray Flame ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Refractory Bricks ◽  
Emission Index

The combustion characteristics of spray flames of canola methyl ester (CME) and blends with diesel fuel within a re-radiating environment were studied. The combustion chamber was lined with refractory bricks that were preheated to about 725 K (1305 °R). The flow rates of the fuels provided a constant heat release rate of about 7.33 kW (25,000 BTU/hr) at atmospheric pressure. Measurements of flame temperature, in-flame concentrations, global emissions, flame radiation and soot volume fraction were taken. The global CO emission index was significantly lower in the biofuel blend spray flames compared to that of the diesel spray flame. The global NO emission index was comparable for all spray flames, which agreed with peak flame temperature and in-flame NO concentration measurements. The radiative fraction of heat release was also comparable for all spray flames.

Combustion Characteristics of Partially Premixed Prevaporized Palm Methyl Ester and Jet A Fuel Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balakrishnan ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Palm methyl ester (PME) is an attractive alternate biofuel produced by the transesterification of palm oil with methanol. This paper is a sequel to our earlier papers on the comparison of the flame structure and emission characteristics of neat PME with those of petroleum-derived fuels (No. 2 diesel and neat Jet A). Blends of prevaporized Jet A fuel and PME (25%, 50%, and 75% by volume) were studied in a laminar flame environment at burner-exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3, and 7. The global combustion characteristics including flame length, CO and NO emission indices, radiative heat fraction, and in-flame profiles of species concentration (CO, CO2, NO, and O2), temperature, and soot volume concentration were measured. The global CO emission index decreased significantly with the PME content in the blend at an equivalence ratio of 7; a 30% reduction was observed with the addition of 25% PME by volume, and a further reduction of 25% was observed with the addition of another 25% PME. The global NO emission index of the neat PME flame was 35% lower than that of the Jet A flame at an equivalence ratio of 2. The near-burner homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in length with the addition of PME at all equivalence ratios. The concentration measurements highlighted the nonmonotonic variation of properties with the volume concentration of PME in the fuel blend. The fuel-bound oxygen and hydrogen of PME affected the combustion properties significantly.

Fuel Interchangeability Effects on the Lean Blowout for a Lean Premixed Swirl Stabilized Fuel Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gadiraju ◽  
Suhyeon Park ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Jaideep Pandit ◽  
Srinath V. Ekkad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Fuel Nozzle

This work is motivated by an interest in understanding the fuel interchangeability of a fuel nozzle to operate under extreme lean operating conditions. A lean premixed, swirl-stabilized fuel nozzle designed with central pilot hub was used to test various fuel blends for combustion characteristics. Current gas turbine combustion technology primarily focuses on burning natural gas for industrial systems. However, interest in utilizing additional options due to environmental regulations as well as concerns about energy security have motivated interest in using fuel gases that have blends of Methane, Propane, H2, CO, CO2, and N2. For example, fuel blends of 35%/60% to 55%/35% of CH4/CO2 are typically seen in Landfill gases. Syngas fuels are typically composed primarily of H2, CO, and N2. CH4/N2 fuel blend mixtures can be derived from biomass gasification. Stringent emission requirements for gas turbines stipulate operating at extreme lean conditions, which can reduce NOx emissions. However, lean operating conditions pose the problem of potential blowout resulting in loss of performance and downtime. Therefore, it is important to understand the Lean Blowout (LBO) limits and involved mechanisms that lead to a blowout. While a significant amount of research has been performed to understand lean blowout limits and mechanisms for natural gas, research on LBO limits and mechanisms for fuel blends has only been concentrated on fuel blends of CH4 and H2 such as syngas. This paper studies the lean blowout limits with fuel blends CH4-C3H8, CH4-CO2, and CH4-N2 and also their effect on the stability limits as the pilot fuel percentage was varied. Experimental results demonstrate that the addition of propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide has minimal effect on the adiabatic flame temperature when the flame becomes unstable under lean operating conditions. On the other hand, the addition of diluent gas showed a potential blowout at higher adiabatic temperatures.

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