The Exergy-Based Cost of Crude Oil-Distillation Products: A Novel Perspective

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
Enrico Sciubba ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Monetary Cost ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Crude Oil Distillation ◽  
The Cost

A novel approach to the calculation of the cost of crude oil distillation products is proposed in this paper. The approach is based on the primary exergy “invested” in the entire process, from extraction to final dispatch, in a well-to-final use perspective including all externalities: capital, labor and environmental remediation cost. The method follows the Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA) theory, and results in a quantifier, the specific extended exergy cost eec, expressed in Joules of primary exergy globally used in the process per Joule of final product. This indicator is not meant to substitute the monetary cost currently adopted in all transactions, but rather to complement it by providing designers, industry managers and energy policy planners with a thermodynamically-sound basis for assessing how far a certain productive chain is from being “sustainable” in terms of primary resources. Several different processes are analyzed, and the quantitative differences in the final eec are calculated and discussed. The conclusions contain some suggestions for a general reassessment of our approach to the exploitation of primary energy resources.

Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Białorusi na międzynarodowym rynku ropy naftowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
The Common

Access to energy resources has become one of the main challenges of energy security in the modern world. Due to the growing political instability of countries exporting energy resources, the energy security category should be perceived in a special way. Energy security is expressed, first of all, in stable access to energy resources at an acceptable price. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the strategy of diversifying the sources of crude oil imports to Poland and Belarus is implemented in practice, and to what extent the implementation of this strategy is conducive to building energy security for both these countries. It seems that despite the similar geological and geographical conditions, as well as the common historical infrastructure heritage, Poland and Belarus shape their energy policy differently. The conducted analysis has an empirical dimension, as the REES index is used to measure the concentration of imports and the short-term risk for the security of crude oil supplies. The article shows that a properly implemented diversification strategy significantly improves the country’s energy security, which is possible due to the use of alternative directions for oil imports to the Russian one.

EUROPEAN UNION CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY – CHALLENGES AND CHAINS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Barbara Gradziuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The main objective of the article is to identify the implications of implementing climate and energy policy for rural areas.Due to their quantitative and qualitative potential, rural areas participate to a significant degree in the achievement of the indicative targets resulting from the climatic package. Thanks to the production of biomass and, increasingly often, energy itself during the 2006-2016 period, the share of RES (renewable energy sources) in the production of primary energy grew twofold from 7.8% to 13.9%. Biomass was the main source, but since 2010 the use of wind and sun in the production of energy has been growing rapidly. Based on the analysis, it can be argued that by 2050 most of the energy and renewable energy resources will be produced in agriculture and rural areas. Implementing the commitments stemming from EU climate and energy policy can be an impetus for rural development.

Estimating the Cost of Corrosion In Refinery Crude Units

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 479t-486t ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. LANDIS
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Capital Maintenance ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Crude Oil Distillation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Studies

Abstract The cost of corrosion was estimated for refinery crude oil distillation units in a detailed study. This program was conceived as the first step in determining the cost of refinery corrosion on a unit throughput basis. A knowledge of the overall cost of corrosion is regarded by management as a valuable aid in assigning manpower and facilities most effectively to corrosion work. Capital, maintenance and operating costs were all considered. A significant “result of this cost study was that the actual cost of corrosion was far less than prior estimates by the industry would have predicted. Of equal importance are the methods evolved in gathering and analyzing the various types of cost data. In their general form these methods should be applicable in corrosion cost studies for all types of process units. 1.2.2

scholarly journals The character of transformation of the threats to Russia’s energy security as the basis for evaluating the possibilities to meet the prospective demand for primary energy resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 06019
Author(s):  
Sergey Senderov ◽  
Viktor Rabchuk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyses the situation with ensuring energy security in Russia over the past five years and provides an assessment of the nature of the transformation of the most significant threats to Russia’s energy security until 2030. It is shown that by 2030 the annual potential of fuel and fuel in the country Energy complex for the production of primary fuel and energy resources together with the import of fuel and energy to Russia will significantly exceed its domestic needs. At the same time, the ability to export Russian natural gas could be significantly reduced. The paper shows that the situation with the decline in opportunities for the production and export of natural gas in Russia is not very encouraging. There are no prerequisites for a significant increase in world prices for hydrocarbons until 2030. And at the same time, there is a constant increase in the cost of oil and gas production and transportation on average across Russia. The paper concludes that the possibilities for the development of the Russian economy through the sale of only natural resources are practically exhausted by now.

A NOVEL APPROACH TO CHARACTERIZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Danylo CHEREVATSKYI ◽  
◽  
Roman SMIRNOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Relationship

At the macroeconomic level, the consumption of primary energy resources is a deterministic factor of economic development, which justifies the relevance and importance of introducing an appropriate mathematical model. Using the tools of data-driven dynamical systems and Hamiltonian mechanics, we determine the relationship between energy costs and the distance traveled by a particular national economy in the economic space. The basis for the calculations is the time series describing the evolution of a cumulative GDP, recalculated according to the original method from monetary units to linear geometric dimensions, and energy resources consumed over a fixed period of time. The relevance of the mathematic relationships so obtained is verified by comparing the model predictions with the empirical data produced by four national economies, namely those of Canada, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine. In all of the four cases the model demonstrated a nearly perfect fit to the actual data. The approach via approximation the evolutions of economic performance and energy consumption by parabolas proposed in the article lies the groundwork for developing a general theory that may be employed to analyze economic performance of a wide spectrum of national economies and world regions.

Demand-side Energy Policy as an Alternative Energy Strategy for Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647
Author(s):  
Peter Pintz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
General Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

After the first oil-price shock of 1973, a search for new energy policies was started all over the world. Changing one fundamental concept - that relating to the general development of energy supply and consumption - was, however, out of the question. The pre-1973 trend of development was maintained. The energy elasticities did not change. The old forecasts were still held to be valid and were considered now, as earlier, to be the objectives which a successful energy policy had to achieve. This was considered a prerequisite for high growth rates of GNP and improvements in living conditions, and energy consumption was regarded as an indicator of the level of economic development. Therefore, the focus was shifted to an enlargement of the supply of indigenous energy resources as a substitute for imported energy, so that dependence on foreign countries could be minimized.

Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Cost

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

Prospects for development of the Russian energy projects on the Korean Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
O.V. Demina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
The Republic

The article assesses prospects of the Russian-Korean cooperation and analyzes risks and opportunities of the trilateral energy projects on the Korean Peninsula. The author noted that energy sector is the key area of bilateral cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Korea, but it’s mainly represented by the trade in primary energy resources. The study identified the export potential of Russian hydrocarbons to the market of the Republic of Korea. As for the DPRK, the paper shows that within bilateral relations geopolitical interests prevail over the economic ones. The small capacity of the DPRK's domestic market and the absence of fixation sources do not allow considering it as an independent full-fledged market for the Russian energy resources. The main goal of the energy strategy of Russia and the Russian Far East is increasing the volume of exports of the primary energy resources to the APR countries. Russian prospects for the new product niches in the energy markets of the Republic of Korea are associated with the implementation of trilateral energy projects among Russia, the DPRK and the Republic of Korea. It includes creation of the interstate power transmission lines and construction of a gas pipeline. All parties are interested in these projects. As for Russia, it is primarily the expansion of energy exports, including occupation of the commodity niches in new markets, and strengthening of the political role in the region. As for the Republic of Korea, these projects mean diversification of supplies and costs’ reduction of the import energy resources. And as for the DPRK, these projects imply an additional source of financing (as payment for transit), improvement of the country's energy infrastructure and reduction of the deficit of energy resources. Despite the prospects, the author determined that in the near future implementation of the projects is unlikely due to the unresolved transit risks.

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