A Study of Fast Charging of Li-Ion Battery With Pulsed Current

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
Zhibang Xu ◽  
Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Pulse Discharge ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Pulse Charge

Abstract To fast charge lithium ion batteries while achieving higher capacity and limiting temperature rise, a constant current plus pulse current (CCPC) charging protocol is proposed. Parametric study for the CCPC design parameters including the current level, cut-off voltage, and pulse duration is performed experimentally. Taguchi method is adopted to search an optimal charging pattern. Experimental results show that the pulse charge current has the greatest effect on the charging time and temperature rise, while the pulse discharge current has the least effect on both. The optimal pattern from the Taguchi method is able to charge the cylindrical cell 15.6% faster than the traditional constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging protocol. An electrochemical and thermal coupled model is developed to reveal the working principle of the CCPC. The modeling results show that the CCPC charging protocol reduces the concentration polarization with more uniform lithium ion distribution than the CCCV, thus accelerating the charging process.

scholarly journals Add-On Type Pulse Charger for Quick Charging Li-Ion Batteries

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongwoo Kwak ◽  
Myungbok Kim ◽  
Jonghoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Pulse Charging ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Battery Packs

In this paper, an add-on type pulse charger is proposed to shorten the charging time of a lithium ion battery. To evaluate the performance of the proposed pulse charge method, an add-on type pulse charger prototype is designed and implemented. Pulse charging is applied to 18650 cylindrical lithium ion battery packs with 10 series and 2 parallel structures. The proposed pulse charger is controlled by pulse duty, frequency and magnitude. Various experimental conditions are applied to optimize the charging parameters of the pulse charging technique. Battery charging data are analyzed according to the current magnitude and duty at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz frequency conditions. The proposed system is similar to the charging speed of the constant current method under new battery conditions. However, it was confirmed that as the battery performance is degraded, the charging speed due to pulse charging increases. Thus, in applications where battery charging/discharging occurs frequently, the proposed pulse charger has the advantage of fast charging in the long run over conventional constant current (CC) chargers.

scholarly journals Improved Performance of Li-ion Polymer Batteries Through Improved Pulse Charging Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy M. Amanor-Boadu ◽  
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Pulse Charging ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Improved Performance

Pulse charging of lithium-ion polymer batteries (LiPo), when properly implemented, offers increased battery charge and energy efficiencies and improved safety for electronic device consumers. Investigations of the combined impact of pulse charge duty cycle and frequency of the pulse charge current on the performance of lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) batteries used the Taguchi orthogonal arrays (OA) to identify optimal and robust pulse charging parameters that maximize battery charge and energy efficiencies while decreasing charge time. These were confirmed by direct comparison with the commonly applied benchmark constant current-constant voltage (CC–CV) charging method. The operation of a pulse charger using identified optimal parameters resulted in charge time reduction by 49% and increased charge and energy efficiencies of 2% and 12% respectively. Furthermore, when pulse charge current factors, such as frequency and duty cycle were considered, it was found that the duty cycle of the pulse charge current had the most impact on the cycle life of the LiPo battery and that the cycle life could be increased by as much as 100 cycles. Finally, the charging temperature was found to have the most statistically significant impact on the temporarily evolving LiPo battery impedance, a measure of its degradation.

scholarly journals Polarization Based Charging Time and Temperature Rise Optimization for Lithium-ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiping Zhang ◽  
Jiuchun Jiang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Weige Zhang ◽  
Qiujiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Charging Time

scholarly journals Research on Optimal Charging of Power Lithium-Ion Batteries in Wide Temperature Range Based on Variable Weighting Factors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1776
Author(s):  
Boshi Wang ◽  
Haitao Min ◽  
Weiyi Sun ◽  
Yuanbin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Weight Factors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Charging Strategy

With the popularity of electric vehicles (EV), the charging technology has become one of the bottleneck problems that limit the large-scale deployment of EVs. In this paper, a charging method using multi-stage constant current based on SOC (MCCS) is proposed, and then the charging time, charging capacity and temperature increase of the battery are optimized by multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The influence of the number of charging stages, the cut-off voltage, the combination of different target weight factors and the ambient temperature on the charging strategy is further compared and discussed. Finally, according to the ambient temperature and users’ requirements of charging time, a charging strategy suitable for the specific situation is obtained by adjusting the weight factors, and the results are analyzed and justified on the basis of the experiments. The results show that the proposed strategy can intelligently make more reasonable adjustments according to the ambient temperature on the basis of meeting the charging demands of users.

scholarly journals An Optimal Fast-Charging Strategy for Lithium-Ion Batteries via an Electrochemical–Thermal Model with Intercalation-Induced Stresses and Film Growth

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwei Chen ◽  
Zhitao Liu ◽  
Hongye Su
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Induced Stresses

Optimal fast charging is an important factor in battery management systems (BMS). Traditional charging strategies for lithium-ion batteries, such as the constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) pattern, do not take capacity aging mechanisms into account, which are not only disadvantageous in the life-time usage of the batteries, but also unsafe. In this paper, we employ the dynamic optimization (DP) method to achieve the optimal charging current curve for a lithium-ion battery by introducing limits on the intercalation-induced stresses and the solid–liquid interface film growth based on an electrochemical–thermal model. Furthermore, the backstepping technique is utilized to control the temperature to avoid overheating. This paper concentrates on solving the issue of minimizing charging time in a given target State of Charge (SoC), while limiting the capacity loss caused by intercalation-induced stresses and film formation. The results indicate that the proposed optimal charging method in this paper offers a good compromise between the charging time and battery aging.

scholarly journals An Electro-Thermal Model based fast optimal charging strategy for Li-ion batteries

AIMS Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-933
Author(s):  
Saad Jarid ◽  
◽  
Manohar Das
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Constant Current Charge ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Charging Strategy

<abstract> <p>This paper utilizes an integrated electro-thermal model of a lithium-ion battery to search for an optimal multistage constant current charge pattern that will minimize the total charging time of the battery, while restricting its temperature rise in each stage within safe limits. The model consists of two interlinked components, an electrical equivalent circuit model to continuously predict the battery's terminal voltage and a thermal model to continuously predict its temperature rise as charging progresses. The proposed optimization algorithm is based on a novel stepwise single-variable search technique that is very easy to implement and converges quickly. The results of our extensive simulation studies clearly indicate that the proposed charging strategy offers a fast, safe and easy-to-implement alternative to many of the existing computationally intensive optimal charging strategies.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals The Impact of Pulse Charging Parameters on the Life Cycle of Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Amanor-Boadu ◽  
A. Guiseppi-Elie ◽  
E. Sánchez-Sinencio
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Pulse Charging ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Impedance Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The pulse charging algorithm is seen as a promising battery charging technique to satisfy the needs of electronic device consumers to have fast charging and increased battery charge and energy efficiencies. However, to get the benefits of pulse charging, the pulse charge current parameters have to be chosen carefully to ensure optimal battery performance and also extend the life cycle of the battery. The impact of pulse charge current factors on the life cycle and battery characteristics are seldom investigated. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of pulse charge current factors, such as frequency and duty cycle, on the life cycle and impedance parameters of lithium-ion polymer batteries (LiPo) while using a design of experiments approach, Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The results are compared with the benchmark constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging algorithm and it is observed that by using a pulse charger at optimal parameters, the cycle life of a LiPo battery can be increased by as much as 100 cycles. It is also determined that the duty cycle of the pulse charge current has the most impact on the cycle life of the battery. The battery impedance characteristics were also examined by using non-destructive techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it was determined that the ambient temperature at which the battery was charged had the most effect on the battery impedance parameters.

scholarly journals A Novel Optimal Charging Algorithm for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Model Predictive Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Guan-Jhu Chen ◽  
Yi-Hua Liu ◽  
Yu-Shan Cheng ◽  
Hung-Yu Pai
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play a substantial role in portable consumer electronics, electric vehicles and large power energy storage systems. For Li-ion batteries, developing an optimal charging algorithm that simultaneously takes rises in charging time and charging temperature into account is essential. In this paper, a model predictive control-based charging algorithm is proposed. This study uses the Thevenin equivalent circuit battery and transforms it into the state-space equation to develop the model predictive controller. The usage of such models in the battery optimal control context has an edge due to its low computational cost, enabling the realization of the proposed technique using a low-cost Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Compared with the widely employed constant current-constant voltage charging method, the proposed charging technique can improve the charging time and the average temperature by 3.25% and 0.76%, respectively.

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