Development of Modern High Strength Heavy Plates for Linepipe Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Meuser ◽  
Florian Gerdemann ◽  
Fabian Grimpe ◽  
Charles Stallybrass
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Heavy Plate ◽  
Shear Area

High strength linepipe steels have to fulfil increasing property demands in modern pipeline applications. The transport of large gas volumes at high pressures from remote areas to the market is achieved in the most economical way by large diameter pipelines. For the last 30 years, high strength heavy plates for pipes and pipe bends were developed and produced at Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech. These products were steadily improved for example in terms of toughness and fracture behaviour at low temperatures. This is a strong focus of materials development around the world. Modern high-strength heavy plates used in the production of UOE pipes are generally produced by thermomechanical rolling followed by accelerated cooling (TMCP). The combination of high strength and high toughness of these steels is a result of the bainitic microstructure realised by TMCP and are strongly influenced by the rolling and cooling conditions. This paper gives an overview of the development of high strength plates for line pipe application at Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech. From comparably thin-walled X80 plates with no or medium DWTT requirements to recent requirements for approx. 28 mm thick X80 plates with requirements of 75/85% shear area fraction at −30°C and more than 250 J Charpy energy at −40°C the development work and the result of the last five years are described and presented. Classical light-optical characterisation of the microstructure of these steels is at its limits because the size of the observed features is too small to allow reliable quantitative results. Therefore Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech and Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung (SZMF) developed alternative methods with the aim of a quantification of microstructure features and a correlation of those with the mechanical properties and processing conditions. In several investigations, the information is related to the mechanical properties of the plate material. It was found that a variation of the processing conditions has a direct influence on parameters that are accessible through the EBSD method and correlates with mechanical properties. The detailed correlations vary depending on steel grade and TMCP strategy. The results have to be carefully interpreted and help understanding the connection between processing and properties. Consequently this can be used as valuable input for the definition of the processing window for heavy plate production with optimized properties.

High Strength Heavy Plate Optimised for Application in Remote Areas and Low-Temperature Service

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Stallybrass ◽  
Joachim Konrad ◽  
Heike Meuser ◽  
Fabian Grimpe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Heavy Plate ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Ebsd Method

The last decades have seen a steady increase in the demand for high-strength linepipe steels. These offer the most economical option to transport large gas volumes at high pressures from remote areas to the market. Since the beginning of the 1980’s, high strength heavy plates, pipes and pipe bends were developed and produced at Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech GmbH and EUROPIPE. Since these days, these products were steadily improved for example in terms of toughness and weldability. As gas resources in increasingly hostile environments are developed, the requirements with regard to deformability and low-temperature toughness have gained growing significance. This is a strong focus of materials development around the world. Modern high-strength heavy plates used in the production of UOE pipes are generally produced by thermomechanical rolling followed by accelerated cooling (TMCP). If accelerated cooling starts above the ferrite-austenite transformation temperature, this processing route results in a microstructure that consists predominantly of bainite. The combination of high strength and high toughness of these steels are a result of the microstructure realised by TMCP and are strongly influenced by the rolling and cooling conditions. Classical light-optical characterisation of the microstructure of these steels is at its limits because the size of the observed features is too small to allow reliable quantitative results. Therefore alternative methods have to be used to obtain a better understanding of the influence of processing conditions on the microstructure. The mechanical properties of high strength plates produced at Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech (MGB) and of material rolled using a laboratory rolling mill at the Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung (SZMF) was characterised with special emphasis on low-temperature toughness. The microstructure was investigated using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method. With this method, it is possible to gain quantitative information related to features of the microstructure and relate these to the mechanical properties of the plate material. It was found that a variation of the processing conditions has a direct influence on parameters that are accessible through the EBSD method and correlates with mechanical properties. These results can be used as valuable input for the definition of the processing window for heavy plate production depending on the required plate properties.

High Toughness API 5L X70MS Pipe Grade Development for Deep and Ultradeep Water Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Ponciano ◽  
Luis Claudio C. Chad ◽  
Marcelo Jose B. Teixeira ◽  
Vinicius R. de Abreu Lima ◽  
Helder Heleno Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Sulfide Stress ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Safe Condition

The offshore deep and ultra deep water explorations summed to the distant points of the Brazilian coast bring to national industry important technological challenges. Considering production and transportation need of large volumes of natural gas and oil in a safe condition from offshore installations, the use of large diameter steel pipes produced by UOE-SAWL process is an important alternative and already applied in some important projects. However, due to the hostile environment in which the new fields are placed, it is necessary to develop new products in order to meet the rigorous mechanical properties and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) and Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) resistance requirements. This work presents the evaluation of mechanical properties and SSC resistance of OD 20 inches, WT 25,4 mm APL 5L X70MS line pipe, for both pipe material and girth weld joints. For this work, plates were produced with very restrict metallurgical control, including chemical control and state of art rolling as Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process with Accelerated Cooling — TMCP-ACC. Very good CHARPY and CTOD values were achieved at −20°C and −40°C respectively, in both conditions, and the pipes presented good (SSC and HIC) resistance even for the girth weld joint performed with a low and high heat inputs simulating the range of conditions that an operator would find in offshore welding operations.

The Design, Development and Validation of an Innovative High Strength, Self Monitoring, Composite Pipe Liner for the Restoration of Energy Transmission Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bethel ◽  
Steven C. Catha ◽  
Melvin F. Kanninen ◽  
Randall B. Stonesifer ◽  
Ken Charbonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The research described in this paper centers on a composite of thermoplastic materials that can be inserted in a degraded steel pipe to completely restore its strength. Through the use of fabrics consisting of ultra high strength fibers that are co-helically wrapped over a thin walled thermoplastic cylindrical tube that serves as a core, arbitrarily high pressures can be achieved. This paper first outlines the design, manufacturing and installation procedures developed for this unique material to provide a context for the engineering research. Based on this outline, the technological basis that has been developed for assuring the strength and long term durability of this concept during its insertion, and in its very long term service as a liner in energy transmission pipelines, is presented in detail. The research that is described includes burst testing of the material in stand alone pipe form, load/elongation testing of ultra high strength fabrics, and linear and nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic analysis models. This body of work indicates that the concept is fundamentally feasible for restoring a wide range of large diameter natural gas and liquid transmission pipelines to be able to carry arbitrarily high pressures over very long lifetimes. It also indicates that liners can be safely installed in long lengths even in lines with severe bends in a continuous manner. With further research the concept has the potential for eliminating hydro testing and smart pigging during service, and could possibly be installed in some lines that are currently unpiggable.

Hydrogen Compatibility and Suitability of (Ni)-Cr-Mo High-Strength Low-Alloy Seamless Line Pipe Steels for Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihide Nagao ◽  
Nobuyuki Ishikawa ◽  
Toshio Takano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Pipe Steels ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo high-strength low-alloy steels are candidate materials for the storage of high-pressure hydrogen gas. Forging materials of these steels have been used for such an environment, while there has been a strong demand for a higher performance material with high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement at lower cost. Thus, mechanical properties of Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo steels made of quenched and tempered seamless pipes in high-pressure hydrogen gas up to 105 MPa were examined in this study. The mechanical properties were deteriorated in the presence of hydrogen that appeared in reduction in local elongation, decrease in fracture toughness and accelerated fatigue-crack growth rate, although the presence of hydrogen did not affect yield and ultimate tensile strengths and made little difference to the fatigue endurance limit. It is proposed that pressure vessels for the storage of gaseous hydrogen made of these seamless line pipe steels can be designed.

Effect of Processing Route on Mechanical Behavior of C-Mn Multiphase High Strength Cold Rolled Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4375-4380
Author(s):  
Dagoberto Brandão Santos ◽  
Élida G. Neves ◽  
Elena V. Pereloma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron

The multiphase steels have complex microstructures containing polygonal ferrite, martensite, bainite, carbide and a small amount of retained austenite. This microstructure provides these steels with a high mechanical strength and good ductility. Different thermal cycles were simulated in the laboratory in order to create the microstructures with improved mechanical properties. The samples were heated to various annealing temperatures (740, 760 or 780°C), held for 300 s, and then quickly cooled to 600 or 500°C, where they were soaked for another 300 s and then submitted to the accelerated cooling process, with the rates in the range of 12-30°C/s. The microstructure was examined at the end of each processing route. The mechanical behavior evaluation was made by microhardness testing. The microstructural characterization involved optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of multiple regression analysis allowed the establishment of quantitative relationship between the microstructural parameters, cooling rates and mechanical properties of the steel.

Change of Mechanical Properties of High Strength Line Pipe by Thermal Coating Treatment

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Shinohara ◽  
Takuya Hara ◽  
Eiji Tsuru ◽  
Hitoshi Asahi ◽  
Yoshio Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Thermal Coating ◽  
Production Conditions

In strain-based design, the overmatch condition in the girth weld portion primarily must be maintained. The pipes may also be required to have a low yield to tensile (Y/T) ratio and a high uniform elongation (U.EL) in the longitudinal direction to achieve a high compressive buckling strain. However, change in the mechanical properties by heating during coating treatment has not been paid attention so much. Furthermore, how much the mechanical properties change is affected by production conditions is unclear. This study aims to clarify firstly the relation between the mechanical properties (Y/T ratio, U.EL etc.) and the microstructure and secondly the change in mechanical properties by thermal coating treatment. The Y/T ratio and U.EL are affected by the volume fraction of ferrite and the secondary phase, which are changed by thermomechanical control processing (TMCP) conditions. For example, use of dual phase microstructure is very effective for decreasing the Y/T ratio and increasing the U.EL as the pipe. On the other hand, yield strength (YS) rises and the U.EL does not change after coating. The increase in the YS after coating is influenced by the microstructure and TMCP conditions. Resultantly, dependence of the Y/T ratio on the microstructure and TMCP conditions is reduced for line pipes after thermal coating treatment.

Development of High Strength Material and Pipe Production Technology for Grade X120 Line Pipe

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Hillenbrand ◽  
Andreas Liessem ◽  
Karin Biermann ◽  
Carl Justus Heckmann ◽  
Volker Schwinn
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Economic Point

The increasing demand for natural gas will further influence the type of its transportation in the future, both from the strategic and economic point of view. Long-distance pipelines are a safe and economic means to transport the gas from production sites to end users. High-strength steels in grade X80 are nowadays state of the art. Grade X100 was recently developed but not yet utilised. The present-day technical limitations on the production of X120 line pipe namely the steel composition, the pipe forming and the welding are addressed in this paper. Production test results on X120 pipes are presented to describe the materials properties. A low carbon and low PCM steel with VNbTiB microalloying concept is used. In the plate rolling the main attention is turned to the heavy accelerated cooling. The large spring back that occurs during the U-forming step of the UOE process is one of the most complex aspects in forming X120. To handle this aspect FEM calculations were used to modify the forming parameters and to optimise the shape of the U-press tool. For optimising the existing welding procedure with respect to an avoidance of HAZ softening, a low heat input welding technology and new welding consumables were developed.

Determination of Brittle-to-Ductile Transition Temperatures of Large-Diameter TMCP Linepipe Steel With High Charpy Energy by Use of Modified West Jefferson Testing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hioe ◽  
G. Wilkowski ◽  
M. Fishman ◽  
M. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pipe Steels ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Brittle To Ductile Transition ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Drop Weight Tear Test ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Shear Area

In this paper the results will be presented for burst tests from a Joint Industry Project (JIP) on “Validation of Drop Weight Tear Test (DWTT) Methods for Brittle Fracture Control in Modern Line-Pipe Steels by Burst Testing”. The JIP members for this project were: JFE Steel as founding member, ArcelorMittal, CNPC, Dillinger, NSSMC, POSCO, Tenaris, and Tokyo Gas. Two modified West Jefferson (partial gas) pipe burst tests were conducted to assess the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature and brittle fracture arrestability of two 48-inch diameter by 24.6-mm thick X65 TMCP line-pipe steels. These steels had very high Charpy energy (350J and 400J) which is typical of many modern line-pipe steels. In standard pressed-notch DWTT specimen tests, these materials exhibited abnormal fracture appearance (ductile fracture from the pressed notch prior to brittle fracture starting) that occurs with many high Charpy energy steels. Such behavior makes the transition temperature difficult to determine. The shear area values versus temperature results for these two burst tests compared to various modified DWTT specimens are shown. Different rating methodologies; DNV, API, and a Best-Estimate of steady-state fracture propagation appearance were evaluated.

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