Geographic Differences of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction From Electric Vehicle Deployment in the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Chris Yuan ◽  
Xiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
The U.S

The use of electric vehicle (EV) has been widely recognized as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation sector. However, the geographic difference of GHG emission reduction from EV deployment is seldom explored. This paper presents a study on the total GHG emissions generated from the life cycle of an EV (represented by Nissan Leaf) and an internal combustion vehicle (ICV) (represented by Toyota Corolla) for benchmarking on the potential emission reductions in the United States. The differences of electricity mix and driving style in each state are considered in the analysis. The results indicate a 43% GHG emissions reduction from ICV with the deployment of EV under the current average United States’ electricity generation scheme and transportation style. But the life cycle GHG emission reductions vary significantly from state to state in the U.S. Some states such as Indiana, Wyoming and West Virginia can only get 7237, 9501 and 9860 kg CO2 equivalent reduced, while some states such as Vermont, New Jersey and Idaho can get 57915, 57206 and 49039 kg CO2 equivalent GHG emissions reduced. This study can be useful in supporting future decision-making and strategy development for EV deployment in the U.S.

Deciphering the true life cycle environmental impacts and costs of the mega-scale shale gas-to-olefins projects in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 820-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang He ◽  
Fengqi You
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
The U.S

Using detailed techno-economic-environmental models, we investigate the environmental impacts and production costs of the mega-scale shale gas-to-olefins projects in the U.S.

scholarly journals Life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of production of bioethanol from sorghum in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Cai ◽  
Jennifer B Dunn ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Jeongwoo Han ◽  
Michael Q Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emission reduction and cost from the United States biofuels mandate

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 109513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Johansson ◽  
S. Meyer ◽  
J. Whistance ◽  
W. Thompson ◽  
D. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Optimal Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation for Minimum Life Cycle Cost, Petroleum Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau ◽  
Scott B. Peterson ◽  
Jeremy J. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology has the potential to help address economic, environmental, and national security concerns in the United States by reducing operating cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum consumption from the transportation sector. However, the net effects of PHEVs depend critically on vehicle design, battery technology, and charging frequency. To examine these implications, we develop an integrated optimization model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data to determine optimal vehicle design and allocation of vehicles to drivers for minimum life cycle cost, GHG emissions, and petroleum consumption. We find that, while PHEVs with large battery capacity minimize petroleum consumption, a mix of PHEVs sized for 25–40 miles of electric travel produces the greatest reduction in lifecycle GHG emissions. At today’s average US energy prices, battery pack cost must fall below $460/kWh (below $300/kWh for a 10% discount rate) for PHEVs to be cost competitive with ordinary hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Carbon allowance prices have marginal impact on optimal design or allocation of PHEVs even at $100/tonne. We find that the maximum battery swing should be utilized to achieve minimum life cycle cost, GHGs, and petroleum consumption. Increased swing enables greater all-electric range (AER) to be achieved with smaller battery packs, improving cost competitiveness of PHEVs. Hence, existing policies that subsidize battery cost for PHEVs would likely be better tied to AER, rather than total battery capacity.

scholarly journals Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Haus ◽  
Lovisa Björnsson ◽  
Pål Börjesson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Lignocellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Ghg Emission

A greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction obligation system has been implemented in the Swedish road transport sector to promote the use of biofuels. For transportation fuel suppliers to fulfil this obligation, the volume of biofuel required decreases with decreasing life cycle GHG emission for the biofuel, linking lower GHG emission to higher economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate how the economic competitiveness of a Swedish emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production system would be influenced by the reduction obligation. The life cycle GHG emission for sawdust-based ethanol was calculated by applying the method advocated in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II). The saving in GHG emissions, compared with fossil liquid transportation fuels, was 93% for a potential commercial production system in southern Sweden. This, in turn, will increase the competitiveness of sawdust-based ethanol compared to the mainly crop-based ethanol currently used in the Swedish biofuel system, which has an average GHG emission saving of 68%, and will allow for an almost 40% higher price of sawdust-based ethanol, compared to the current price of ethanol at point of import. In a future developed, large-scale market of advanced ethanol, today’s GHG emission reduction obligation system in Sweden seems to afford sufficient economic advantage to make lignocellulosic ethanol economically viable. However, in a short-term perspective, emerging lignocellulosic-based ethanol production systems are burdened with economic risks and therefore need additional economic incentives to make a market introduction possible.

scholarly journals The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China, the United States, and the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda A. Schreurs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Emissions

The Paris Agreement would not have come into being had China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU), which together contribute more than half of all global greenhouse gas emissions, not signaled their intent to take major steps to reduce their domestic emissions. The EU has been at the forefront of global climate change measures for years having issued binding domestic emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2030. For many years, China refused to announce a target date for when it might begin reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, and the US Congress blocked action on climate change.  In the lead up to the Paris climate negotiations, however, there were major shifts in China’s and the US’s climate positions. This commentary examines the climate policies of the three largest emitters and the factors motivating the positions they took in the Paris negotiations. Given that the commitments made in Paris are most likely insufficient to keep global temperature from rising 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, the commentary also considers what the likelihood is that these three major economies will strengthen their emission reduction targets in the near future.

scholarly journals LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS PERSPECTIVE ON EXPORTING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FROM THE UNITED STATES: 2019 UPDATE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Roman-White ◽  
Srijana Rai ◽  
James Littlefield ◽  
Greg Cooney ◽  
Timothy J Skone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas

scholarly journals Implications of changing natural gas prices in the United States electricity sector for SO 2 , NO X and life cycle GHG emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 034018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranya Venkatesh ◽  
Paulina Jaramillo ◽  
W Michael Griffin ◽  
H Scott Matthews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Natural Gas Prices
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