Exergy Analysis for Small Modular Reactor Hybrid Energy System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Boldon ◽  
Piyush Sabharwall ◽  
Li (Emily) Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

Nuclear hybrid energy systems (NHES) with the capability to store energy will advance the development of renewable energy technologies by providing reliable, non-carbon emitting, and integrated base-load nuclear energy. Small modular reactors (SMRs) will be significant in establishing hybrid energy systems because of their inherent financial advantages over larger commercial reactors; flexible deployment and faster onsite assembly; and ability to closely match required energy needs for industrial process heat applications. An SMR is a thermal energy plant comprised of many complex systems that interact with each other and their surroundings. To study such a system and set appropriate prices for outputs, it is important to assess thermoeconomics or the effective utility and costs of all resources. At its core, thermoeconomics is based upon the quality of energy, or exergy, flowing into and out of each component within a system. Limited research into the thermoeconomics behind SMRs has been performed, leaving an important gap in understanding. This article presents relevant exergetic cost theory and details methods behind an exergy analysis for an SMR-wind-storage system. To perform this analysis, both the physical and economic environments are identified to provide information on how overall system efficiencies and costs may be analyzed. The physical environment incorporates the actual system components, necessary raw materials, and the surroundings or reference environment. The economic environment refers to the upfront installation and operational costs in addition to market prices. In a purely thermodynamic exergy analysis, the exergetic cost may be determined from the physical environment alone and describes the necessary exergy for production to occur. To improve or optimize a system, system efficiency must be balanced with economics to make NHES more competitive and further their development.

scholarly journals Accessibility and Sustainability of Hybrid Energy Systems for a Cement Factory in Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Wesam H. Beitelmal ◽  
Paul C. Okonkwo ◽  
Fadhil Al Housni ◽  
Wael Alruqi ◽  
Omar Alruwaythi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Diesel generators are being used as a source of electricity in different parts of the world. Because of the significant expense in diesels cost and the requirement for a greener domain, such electric generating systems appear not to be efficient and environmentally friendly and should be tended to. This paper explores the attainability of utilizing a sustainable power source based on a cross-breed electric system in the cement factory in Salalah, Oman. The HOMER software that breaks down the system setup was utilized to examine the application and functional limitations of each hybridized plan. The result showed that a renewable-energy (RE)-based system has a lower cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) compared to diesel generator-based hybrid electric and standalone systems. Although the two pure renewable hybrid energy systems considered in this study displayed evidence of no emissions, lower NPC and COE values are observed in the photovoltaic/battery (PV/B) hybrid energy system compared with photovoltaic/wind turbine/battery (PV/WT/B). The PV/WT/B and PV/B systems have higher electricity production and low NPC and COE values. Moreover, the PV/B has the highest return on investment (ROI) and internal rate of return (IRR), making the system the most economically viable and adjudged to be a better candidate for rural community electrification demands.

scholarly journals Daily Operation Optimization of a Hybrid Energy System Considering a Short-Term Electricity Price Forecast Scheme

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Bento ◽  
Hugo Nunes ◽  
José Pombo ◽  
Maria Calado ◽  
Sílvio Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Price Forecast ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transportation Electrification ◽  
Installed Capacity

The scenario where the renewable generation penetration is steadily on the rise in an increasingly atomized system, with much of the installed capacity “sitting” on a distribution level, is in clear contrast with the “old paradigm” of a natural oligopoly formed by vertical structures. Thereby, the fading of the classical producer–consumer division to a broader prosumer “concept” is fostered. This crucial transition will tackle environmental harms associated with conventional energy sources, especially in this age where a greater concern regarding sustainability and environmental protection exists. The “smoothness” of this transition from a reliable conventional generation mix to a more volatile and “parti-colored" one will be particularly challenging, given escalating electricity demands arising from transportation electrification and proliferation of demand-response mechanisms. In this foreseeable framework, proper Hybrid Energy Systems sizing, and operation strategies will be crucial to dictate the electric power system’s contribution to the “green” agenda. This paper presents an optimal power dispatch strategy for grid-connected/off-grid hybrid energy systems with storage capabilities. The Short-Term Price Forecast information as an important decision-making tool for market players will guide the cost side dispatch strategy, alongside with the storage availability. Different scenarios were examined to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Evaluation of Interconnected Nuclear-Renewable Micro Hybrid Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam A. Gabbar ◽  
Muhammad R. Abdussami ◽  
Md. Ibrahim Adham
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Renewable energy sources (RESs) play an indispensable role in sustainable advancement by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nevertheless, due to the shortcomings of RESs, an energy mix with RESs is required to support the baseload and to avoid the effects of RES variability. Fossil fuel-based thermal generators (FFTGs), like diesel generators, have been used with RESs to support the baseload. However, using FFTGs with RESs is not a good option to reduce GHG emissions. Hence, the small-scale nuclear power plant (NPPs), such as the micro-modular reactor (MMR), have become a modern alternative to FFTGs. In this paper, the authors have investigated five different hybrid energy systems (HES) with combined heat and power (CHP), named ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal energy system,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone RESs-based energy system,’ ‘conventional small-scale fossil fuel-based thermal and RESs-based HES,’ ‘small-scale stand-alone nuclear energy system,’ and ‘nuclear-renewable micro hybrid energy system (N-R MHES),’ respectively, in terms of net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and GHG emissions. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the impact of the different variables on the systems. The results reveal that the N-R MHES could be the most suitable scheme for decarbonization and sustainable energy solutions.

Co-Design Optimization of a Combined Heat and Power Hybrid Energy System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongze Li ◽  
Jiaxin Wu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Pingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Component Design

Abstract As an energy efficient technology that generates electricity and captures the heat that would otherwise be wasted to provide useful thermal energy, combined heat and power (CHP) hybrid energy systems have been widely used in the U.S. In the presented study, a two-stage co-design optimization model for CHP-based hybrid energy systems is developed. By applying a mixed integer programming (MIP) method, the optimization is performed from the operational and design perspectives. Six components: CHP, boiler, heat recover unit (HRU), thermal storage system (TS), power storage system (ES), and photovoltaic (PV) are considered in the CHP-based microgrids. During the optimization process, the cost-based optimal component design solutions are firstly obtained by minimizing the total installation costs of the components. The optimal operational strategy is further attained based on the component design by minimizing the costs from production, operation and maintenance, startup, and unsatisfied load. In the end, non-disruptive and disruptive scenarios are considered in the case study to testify to the model’s effectiveness in co-design and reliability improvement.

Economic Modeling of Hybrid Energy System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Bello ◽  
Da’Janel Roberts-Smith ◽  
Landon Onyebueke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) offer hopeful solutions to an array of challenges circumventing conventional energy usage. From sustainable mobility developments to rural communities, hybrid energy systems can provide reliable energy to suffice any load demand when properly sized. Sizing optimality is essential in maintaining low-cost, high-performance and superior efficiency. The methodology for sizing a Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel with battery backup hybrid energy system and its accompanying costs are calculated using Homer software. The results are presented in this article. Such costs include the concept of levelized cost of energy (LCOE), time-dependent trade-off considerations necessary to deploy a functional, reliable and cost-effective energy system and comfort. The anticipated output of this economic model validates the feasibility of attaining affordability and optimality in a HES that relies on renewable energy and battery storage for applications of varying scales.

Optimum Design of Standalone Hybrid Energy Systems Minimizing Waste of Renewable Energy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. D. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

The importance of integrating renewable energy sources into standalone energy systems is highlighted in recent literature. Maintaining energy efficiency is challenging in designing such hybrid energy systems (HES) due to seasonal variation of renewable energy potential. This study evaluates the limitations in minimizing the losses in renewable energy generated mainly due to energy storage limitations and minimizing fuel consumption of the internal combustion generator (ICG). A standalone hybrid energy system with Solar PV (SPV), wind, battery bank and an ICG is modeled and optimized in this work. Levelized Energy Cost (LEC), Waste of Renewable Energy (WRE) and Fuel Consumption (FC) are taken as objective functions. Results highlight the importance of considering WRE as an objective function which increase the mix of energy sources that can help to increase the reliability of the system.

scholarly journals A Review – Renewable energy based micro-cogeneration and hybrid energy systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Sonja Kallio ◽  
Monica Siroux
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

To reduce carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, the more efficient and environmentally friendly energy production in the building sector is required. The deployment of renewable energy based microcogeneration units in the decentralized hybrid energy systems is a part of the solution. The micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP), or co-generation, units produce simultaneously heat and electricity from a single fuel source at high efficiency and close to the consumption point. These units offer significant benefits: reduced primary energy consumption, reduced CO2 emissions, and avoidance of distribution losses due to central plant and network construction. The objective of this paper is to present a review of available renewable energy based micro-CHP systems and to focus on the biomass and solar based conversion devices. Finally, a novel hybrid renewable energy system is presented by coupling renewable energy sources, such as solar and biomass for micro-CHP.

scholarly journals Potential Techno-Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Energy Systems for Electrifying Various Consumers in Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Saif Mubaarak ◽  
Delong Zhang ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Yongcong Chen ◽  
Longze Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Energy Strategies

Global warming and climate change are becoming a global concern. In this regard, international agreements and initiatives have been launched to accelerate the use of renewable energy and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yemen is one of the countries signed on these agreements. However, Yemen is facing the problem that the structure of the power grid is fragile and the power shortage is serious. Accordingly, this paper aims to study the potential for renewable energy in Yemen and assess the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid energy systems. Firstly, this paper introduces the status and challenges of Yemen’s electricity sector, the status of renewable energy, and the status of GHG emission. Secondly, this study proposes the method of optimizing different configurations of off-grid hybrid (solar/wind/diesel engine) energy systems for electrifying various consumers in Taiz province, Yemen under three scenarios of energy strategies. The objective function is to seek the most optimal hybrid energy system that achieves the least cost and most advantageous technical performance, while instigating the best economic scenario of energy strategies. Finally, Homer pro software is used for simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analysis of the designed energy systems. The results found the best economically feasible scenario, the hybrid PV/wind/diesel energy system, among the other scenarios. A photovoltaic (PV)/wind energy system achieved the best technical performances of 100% CO2 reduction, with a 54.82% reduction in the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE); while the hybrid energy system (PV/wind/diesel engine) achieved the best economic cost of 61.95% reduction in NPC and COE, with a 97.44% reduction of CO2 emission.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Systems: The Cases of Morona Santiago and the Galapagos Islands

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3933
Author(s):  
Pablo Benalcazar ◽  
Adam Suski ◽  
Jacek Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems

Hybrid energy systems (HESs) generate electricity from multiple energy sources that complement each other. Recently, due to the reduction in costs of photovoltaic (PV) modules and wind turbines, these types of systems have become economically competitive. In this study, a mathematical programming model is applied to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of autonomous units located in two isolated areas of Ecuador: first, the province of Galapagos (subtropical island) and second, the province of Morona Santiago (Amazonian tropical forest). The two case studies suggest that HESs are potential solutions to reduce the dependence of rural villages on fossil fuels and viable mechanisms to bring electrical power to isolated communities in Ecuador. Our results reveal that not only from the economic but also from the environmental point of view, for the case of the Galapagos province, a hybrid energy system with a PV–wind–battery configuration and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) equal to 0.36 $/kWh is the optimal energy supply system. For the case of Morona Santiago, a hybrid energy system with a PV–diesel–battery configuration and an LCOE equal to 0.37 $/kWh is the most suitable configuration to meet the load of a typical isolated community in Ecuador. The proposed optimization model can be used as a decision-support tool for evaluating the viability of autonomous HES projects at any other location.

scholarly journals Techno-economic Analysis of Renewable-based Stand-alone Hybrid Energy Systems Considering Load Growth and Photovoltaic Depreciation Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Guan ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Qiuxia Zhao ◽  
Hesam Parvaneh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Influential Parameters

The increasing trend in power consumption, mainly due to the rapid population growth, has resulted in grid outages and low-reliability grid connections. Renewable-based hybrid energy systems are one of the emerging alternatives for traditional and low-reliability grid connections. In this paper, a stand-alone hybrid energy system is proposed for a remote residential house. HOMER software is used for the optimisation of the proposed energy system. The main contribution of the paper is focused on considering two influential parameters, such as annual load growth and photovoltaic (PV) degradation rates in the optimal planning of the hybrid energy system. Simulation results indicate that considering influential parameters more realistic results, including system configuration, total net present cost (NPC) and optimal operation of the energy sources are achievable. Total NPC of the system obtained as 70,072 US$, which shows 52,029 US$ growth in comparison to the case neglected annual load growth and PV degradation rates. The optimum configuration benefits from higher penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Moreover, according to the comparison made with only-grid system, the proposed hybrid renewable-based energy system saves a large number of emissions. Based on the results, around 292,049.4202 kg emissions have been saved over 25 years of the project.

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