Experiences From Welding and AUT of the 15” Norne Clad Pipeline Installed With the Reeling Method

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Haabrekke ◽  
Guy Ba¨rs ◽  
Per Egil Kvaale ◽  
Gisle Ro̸rvik
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Production Pipeline ◽  
Clad Steel ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The Norne Satellite project (Statoil) in the Norwegian Sea involves a 9 km long 15” insulated clad steel production pipeline. The line pipe is longitudinally welded SAWL joints of 12m length, with 21mm backing steel (X60) and 3mm metallurgically bonded 316L CRA internally. To prevent waxing of Hydrocarbons during shut downs, use of chemicals has been used to a large extent in this industry. Norne has another philosophy to avoid waxing as the pipeline was installed with a power cable strapped to the coating in a piggy-back solution. This is the “Direct Electrical Heating” solution Statoil has implemented to their pipelines with great success in other projects. The pipeline was installed with the reel ship “CSO Apache” in 2005. It is the first time that a cladded pipeline has been installed with the reeling method. This paper presents experiences from fabrication of the clad steel pipeline. The production welding was performed with a combination of manual and mechanized welding to maintain the CRA integrity and at the same time have an acceptable production rate. The subsequent NDT method was performed by automatic UT (AUT). AUT on cladded pipelines has never been used before and was introduced after a comprehensive study to find a reliable way of detecting and sizing defects in welds with a combination of Austenitic and Ferritic structures.

Reel Installation of 15” Clad Steel Pipeline With Direct Electrical Heating and In-Line T

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Endal ◽  
Oddbjo̸rn Nupen ◽  
Masahiro Sakuraba ◽  
Katsuji Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Steel Pipeline ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Production Pipeline ◽  
Clad Steel ◽  
Girth Welds

The Norne Satellite project in the Norwegian Sea involved installation of a 9 km long 15” thermally insulated clad steel production pipeline. The pipeline is equipped with Direct Electrical Heating for hydrate control and an in-line T for connection of a mid-line reservoir. The installation was performed in 2005 with the reel ship “CSO Apache” after completion of comprehensive qualification programs. The Norne Satellite project represents a step forward in sub-sea pipeline technology, with the following main firsts: • Reeling of clad steel pipeline. • Direct Electrical Heating of clad steel pipeline. • Direct Electrical Heating of pipeline with in-line T. • AUT of clad steel girth welds. This paper presents experiences from the qualification and installation works.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Nanocomposites for Power Cable Insulations

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Pleşa ◽  
Petru Noţingher ◽  
Cristina Stancu ◽  
Frank Wiesbrock ◽  
Sandra Schlögl
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Water Tree ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This review represents a comprehensive study of nanocomposites for power cables insulations based on thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene congeners like LDPE, HDPE and XLPE, which is complemented by original results. Particular focus lies on the structure-property relationships of nanocomposites and the materials’ design with the corresponding electrical properties. The critical factors, which contribute to the degradation or improvement of the electrical performance of such cable insulations, are discussed in detail; in particular, properties such as electrical conductivity, relative permittivity, dielectric losses, partial discharges, space charge, electrical and water tree resistance behavior and electric breakdown of such nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers are described and referred to the composites’ structures. This review is motivated by the fact that the development of polymer nanocomposites for power cables insulation is based on understanding more closely the aging mechanisms and the behavior of nanocomposites under operating stresses.

Mechanical Qualification of Dynamic Deep Water Power Cable

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Slora ◽  
Stian Karlsen ◽  
Per Arne Osborg
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Water Power ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Water Depths

There is an increasing demand for subsea electrical power transmission in the oil- and gas industry. Electrical power is mainly required for subsea pumps, compressors and for direct electrical heating of pipelines. The majority of subsea processing equipment is installed at water depths less than 1000 meters. However, projects located offshore Africa, Brazil and in the Gulf of Mexico are reported to be in water depths down to 3000 meters. Hence, Nexans initiated a development programme to qualify a dynamic deep water power cable. The qualification programme was based on DNV-RP-A203. An overall project plan, consisting of feasibility study, concept selection and pre-engineering was outlined as defined in DNV-OSS-401. An armoured three-phase power cable concept assumed suspended from a semi-submersible vessel at 3000 m water depth was selected as qualification basis. As proven cable technology was selected, the overall qualification scope is classified as class 2 according to DNV-RP-A203. Presumed high conductor stress at 3000 m water depth made basis for the identified failure modes. An optimised prototype cable, with the aim of reducing the failure mode risks, was designed based on extensive testing and analyses of various test cables. Analyses confirmed that the prototype cable will withstand the extreme loads and fatigue damage during a service life of 30 years with good margins. The system integrity, consisting of prototype cable and end terminations, was verified by means of tension tests. The electrical integrity was intact after tensioning to 2040 kN, which corresponds to 13 000 m static water depth. A full scale flex test of the prototype cable verified the extreme and fatigue analyses. Hence, the prototype cable is qualified for 3000 m water depth.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

On the issue of serotherapy for anthrax

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
S. S. Zabolotny
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
First Time

Obtained for the first time back in 1895 by Marchoux and Sclavo and then experimentally tested by Sclavo and Jobernheim in a large number of very convincing experiments, the anthrax serum was used with great success in veterinary practice, both in prophylactic (together with the vaccine) and in medicinal purposes.

ISOTOPE-GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF AUTHENIC CARBONATES OF THE YU1 PRODUCING HORIZON OF THE VERKH-TARSKOYE OIL FIELD (SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
L. G. Vakulenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Nikolenko ◽  
D. A. Novikov ◽  
P. A. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Sources Of Co2 ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the composition of sand and silt deposits of the Yu1 horizon of the Vasyuganskaya Formation upper part of the Verkh-Tarskoye oil field has been carried out. Associations of authigenic minerals have been determined in their cement, among which the calcite is the most widespread. According to petrographic parameters, three generations of calcite have been identified for which detailed isotopicgeochemical and ultramicroscopic studies were carried out for the first time. Wide and multi directional changes in the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen and in the chemical composition of carbonate minerals were recorded, they indicate significant variations in the conditions of diagenesis and catagenesis, primarily temperature, and different sources of CO2. Significant variations in the isotopic composition of formation waters and its relationship with the isotopic composition of carbonates have been established. Thus, a narrow interval of close δ13C values was revealed, amounting to –10.5 to –9.1 ‰ in the formation waters of group II, and from –10.7 to –9.1 ‰ in calcites of the third generation. The source of CO2 in this system should be considered a carbon dioxide, which is formed in the process of metamorphism of carbonate rocks of the Paleozoic age.

scholarly journals Optimal Torpedo Scheduling

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 955-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Goldwaser ◽  
Andreas Schutt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Benders Decomposition ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Sulfur Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Resource Capacity

We consider the torpedo scheduling problem in steel production, which is concerned with the transport of hot metal from a blast furnace to an oxygen converter. A schedule must satisfy, amongst other considerations, resource capacity constraints along the path and the locations traversed as well as the sulfur level of the hot metal. The goal is first to minimize the number of torpedo cars used during the planning horizon and second to minimize the time spent desulfurizing the hot metal. We propose an exact solution method based on Logic based Benders Decomposition using Mixed-Integer and Constraint Programming, which optimally solves and proves, for the first time, the optimality of all instances from the ACP Challenge 2016 within 10 minutes. In addition, we adapted our method to handle large-scale instances and instances with a more general rail network. This adaptation optimally solved all challenge instances within one minute and was able to solve instances of up to 100,000 hot metal pickups.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL GUARANTEES FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN UZBEKISTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
N. Kh.-A. Rakhmonkulova
Keyword(s):  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article analyzes international and national guarantee investment activities on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and discusses the issues of the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of foreign investors using legal guarantee obligations in the national legislation of Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to study the international mechanism for guaranteeing the repatriation of foreign investors, a comprehensive analysis of the most important international legal mechanisms in this area. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the raised problem became for the first time the subject of a special comprehensive study. The author carries out research based on a significant number of international legal acts in the field of international legal guarantees for investment activities, constituent documents of intergovernmental organizations-subjects of international law, conducts a comparative analysis of various aspects of guarantees for investment activities. The novelty of the article is also enhanced by the fact that the author studies in detail the problems of correlation between the international legal and national legal mechanisms for guaranteeing investment activity. In the article, based on the analysis of international legal material, for the first time are investigated: - the international legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities, its constituent elements; the operation of multilateral and bilateral agreements in this area; -national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activities; To achieve this goal, taking into account the designated subject of research, the following results were obtained in the work: • International legal guarantees have been studied and a legal description to them has been given; • The main aspects of interaction between the international and national legal mechanism for guaranteeing investment activity have been identified;

scholarly journals Introducing an innovation promotion model for construction projects

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Fernando ◽  
Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽  
David Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Relationship Enhancement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and model the complex dynamics of innovation enablers in construction projects aiming to develop a framework identifying actions for clients to promote innovation.Design/methodology/approachThrough a comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was previously derived to explain the client-driven enablers in promoting innovation. This was tested using the data from 131 Australian construction projects. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data using factor analysis and correlation analysis to test the model, which was validated using the case study approach. The testing and validating aspects are explained in this paper.FindingsThe constructs of the recommended model are idea harnessing, relationship enhancement, incentivization and project team fitness.Research limitations/implicationsThe difficulty of analyzing the complex dynamics happening within projects in relation to innovation has been a barrier to progress research in this area. The introduction of this model would pave the way for researchers to explore this area with ease.Originality/valueAs revealed in the detailed literature review undertaken, this is the first time that a comprehensive study has been conducted to identify client-led innovation enablers for construction projects. The results would benefit industry practitioners to achieve enhanced project outcomes in construction projects through innovation.

Effects of Organic Additives on Calcium Sulfate Scaling in Pipes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung A. Hoang ◽  
H. Ming Ang ◽  
Andrew L. Rohl
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the effects of nine organic additives on the formation of calcium sulfate scale in a pipe system was conducted using a multiple pipe flow system. Several factors that influence the inhibitory capability of phosphonic and carboxylic additives such as their chemical structure, their concentration, and the run time were closely scrutinized. Results showed that the organic additives influence the deposition of calcium sulfate on the walls of a pipe flow system at various levels. The superiority of the phosphonic additives, especially N,N,N′,N′-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTP) and nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid (NTMP), to other organic compounds with respect to scale prevention is discussed thoroughly. For the first time, it was demonstrated that a solution with a given concentration of inhibitor that is continuously refreshed in a pipe reactor becomes less effective over time. The morphology of the scales formed in the presence of different additives is also studied, using scanning electron microscopy.

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