sulfur level
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Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Marta Kaczor-Kamińska ◽  
Kamil Kaminski ◽  
Maria Wróbel

This paper provides information concerning the activity and expression levels of three sulfurtransferases (STRs): rhodanese (TST, EC: 2.8.1.1), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST, EC: 2.8.1.2) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH, EC: 4.4.1.1) in various cell lines. Since very limited data are available in the scientific literature on this subject, the available data are included in this paper. These shortages often force the researchers to carry out their own screening tests that allow them to choose an appropriate model for their further studies. This work supplements the existing deficiencies in this area and presents the activity and expression of STRs in the eight most frequently chosen cell lines: the mouse mammary gland cell line (NMuNG, ATCC: CRL-1636), mouse mammary gland tumor (4T1, ATCC: CRL-2539), mouse fibroblast (MEF, ATCC: SCRC-1008), mouse melanoma (B16-F1, ATCC: CRL-6323), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2, ATCC: HTB-37), human embryonic kidney (HEK-293, ATCC: CRL-1573), human osteosarcoma (MG-63, ATCC: CRL-1427) and rat myocardium (H9c2, ATCC: CRL-1446). Changes in STRs activity are directly related to the bioavailability of cysteine and the sulfane sulfur level, and thus the present authors also measured these parameters, as well as the level of glutathione (its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) form) and the [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio that determines the antioxidant capacity of the cells. STRs demonstrate diverse functionality and clinical relevance; therefore, we also performed an analysis of genetic variation of STRs genes that revealed a large number of polymorphisms. Although STRs still provide challenges in several fields, responding to them could not only improve the understanding of various diseases, but may also provide a way to treat them.


Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Dominik Schlehöfer ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
Rarek Černý

Maritime transport is a significant contributor to the environmental pollution. For this reason, the maximum sulfur content in liquid marine fuels has been drastically reduced since January 1st 2020 for deep sea areas. This reduction can be solved by diluting the conventional high sulfur fuels with suitable low sulfur components. However, mixing two or more components with each other carries a potential risk of incompatibility or instability of the final product, especially in the case of longer storage and subsequent transportation to the end consumers. For the above reasons, this work deals with the mapping of alternative raw materials that could be used to produce very low sulfur fuel oils (VLSFO) with a sulfur level up to 0.5 wt%. A total of 5 raw materials (1 conventional fuel oil – HSFO and 4 alternative raw materials) were characterized. The individual raw materials were compared to each other with regard to the quality properties required for marine fuels according to the ISO 8217. Subsequently, the suitability of these raw materials for further mixing was outlined in order to meet the required quality parameters for marine fuel mixing.


Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Dominik Schlehöfer ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
Radek Černý

Maritime transport is a significant contributor to the environmental pollution. For this reason, the maximum sulfur content in liquid marine fuels has been drastically reduced since January 1st 2020 for deep sea areas. This reduction can be solved by diluting the conventional high sulfur fuels with suitable low sulfur components. However, mixing two or more components with each other carries a potential risk of incompatibility or instability of the final product, especially in the case of longer storage and subsequent transportation to the end consumers. For the above reasons, this work deals with the mapping of alternative raw materials that could be used to produce very low sulfur fuel oils (VLSFO) with a sulfur level up to 0.5 wt%. A total of 5 raw materials (1 conventional fuel oil – HSFO and 4 alternative raw materials) were characterized. The individual raw materials were compared to each other with regard to the quality properties required for marine fuels according to the ISO 8217. Subsequently, the suitability of these raw materials for further mixing was outlined in order to meet the required quality parameters for marine fuel mixing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1131-1134
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Al-Karkhi

Objective: Barley Hordeum vulgaire L is an important grain crop, and is grown in large areas all over the world. The experiment aims to study the effect of different levels of fertilizer from agricultural sulfur (0, 1500, 3000, and 4500 kg) S / H, and the number of cuttings (without cut, one cut, and cut twice) on the yield and quality of green forage and grain yield for barley crop Iba 99. Material and Methods: In this experiment, randomized whole section design was used in the arrangement of splinter panels - splinter with three replicates, sulfur levels for the secondary plates and the number of cuttings in the sub-plot plates. Results: The addition of agricultural sulfur at the level (4500 kg S / H) resulted in a significant increase in the following characteristics: - plant height, number of tillers / m2, number of spikes / m2 and grain yield. Whereas the sulfur level (3000 kg S / E) resulted in a significant increase in the two green forage yields and the number of grains / spike when added and for the first and second seasons in succession. Conclusion: Sulfur has significant effect on plant height and a significant effect of interference between sulfur levels and the number of leaves and number of tillers /m2, but it has no effect on the percentage of protein matter in green forage. The increase on sulfur has a significant effect on spike and gave the highest rate (509.4 spike / m2), and increase the protein level in grain to the highest rate 16.95.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614-1630
Author(s):  
Wenguang Shi ◽  
Wenzhe Liu ◽  
Chaofeng Ma ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Shen Ding ◽  
...  

Abstract The process of cadmium (Cd) accumulation and detoxification under different sulfur levels remains largely unknown in woody plants. To investigate the physiological and transcriptomic regulation mechanisms of poplars in response to different sulfate (S) supply levels and Cd exposure, we exposed Populus deltoides saplings to one of the low, moderate and high S levels together with either 0 or 50 µM Cd. Cd accumulation was decreased in low S-treated poplar leaves, and it tended to be increased in high S-supplied leaves under the Cd exposure condition. Sulfur nutrition was deficient in low S-supplied poplars, and it was improved in high S-treated leaves. Cd exposure resulted in lower sulfur level in the leaves supplied with moderate S, it exacerbated a Cd-induced sulfur decrease in low S-treated leaves and it caused a higher sulfur concentration in high S-supplied leaves. In line with the physiological changes, a number of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in Cd accumulation and sulfur assimilation were identified and the miRNA–mRNA networks were dissected. In the networks, miR395 and miR399 members were identified as hub miRNAs and their targets were ATP sulfurylase 3 (ATPS3) and phosphate 2 (PHO2), respectively. These results suggest that Cd accumulation and sulfur assimilation are constrained by low and enhanced by high S supply, and Cd toxicity is aggravated by low and relieved by high S in poplar leaves, and that miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks play pivotal roles in sulfur-mediated Cd accumulation and detoxification in Cd-exposed poplars.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Bronowicka-Adamska ◽  
Anna Bentke ◽  
Małgorzata Lasota ◽  
Maria Wróbel

The S-Allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) component of aged garlic extract (AGE) is proven to have anticancer, antihepatotoxic, neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. γ-Cystathionase (CTH), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) are involved in H2S/sulfane sulfur endogenous formation from L-cysteine. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of SAC on MCF-7 cells survival and apoptosis, which is a widely known approach to reduce the number of cancer cells. An additional goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of SAC on the activity and expression of enzymes involved in H2S production. The experiments were carried out in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. Changes in the cell viability were determined by MTT assay. Cell survival was determined by flow cytometry (FC). Changes in enzymes expression were analyzed using Western blot. After 24 h and 48 h incubation with 2245 µM SAC, induction of late apoptosis was observed. A decrease in cell viability was observed with increasing SAC concentration and incubation time. SAC had no significant cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cells upon all analyzed concentrations. CTH, MPST and CBS expression were confirmed in non-treated MCF-7 cells. Significant decrease in MPST activity at 2245 µM SAC after 24 h and 48 h incubation vs. 1000 µM SAC was associated with decrease in sulfane sulfur levels. The presented results show promising SAC effects regarding the deterioration of the MCF-7 cells’ condition in reducing their viability through the downregulation of MPST expression and sulfate sulfur level reduction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Alfian Irviansyah ◽  
Saibun Sitorus ◽  
Aman Sentosa Panggabean

The research about identification of PAF, NAF and uncertain rock using NTAPP method in the PT. Trubaindo Coal Mining has been done. This research was conducted as an effort to control the potential for the formation of acid mine drainage, with identifying the types of mine rocks using certain testing methods. Some important parameters such as Total Sulfur Level, Slurry pH, Total Actual Acidity (TAA), Chromium Reducible Sulfur (CRS) and Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) using the NTAPP method on mine rocks have been determined to identify mining rock category categories. Based on the results of tests on 101 samples, 63 samples were identified included in the category of rocks that are not NAF (Slurry pH value = 4.1 - 8.9; Total Sulfur = 0.01-0.60 %; CRS = 0.01-0.10 % and NTAPP = 0.030-0.959 %), 38 samples were classified as PAF (pH Slurry = 2.9-7.9; Total Sulfur = 0.01-5.10 %; CRS = 0.11-2.04 % and NTAPP = 0.053-4.571 %), and no sample was included in the uncertainty category. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Sarum Boonmee ◽  
Kittirat Worakhut ◽  
Auttachai Utsajai ◽  
Nupol Mai-Ngam ◽  
Suphalerk Rassamipat

Morphology of graphite affects the mechanical and physical properties of cast irons. It is known that the spheroidal shape of graphite promotes both tensile strength and ductility. The morphology of graphite is generally quantified by the percent nodularity and/or graphite shape factors (e.g. roundness, sphericity, compactness, aspect ratio). From the quality control aspect, the nodularity is controlled by the residual magnesium content determined by the Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES). However, the nodularity is also affected by the cooling rate and the sulfur level. Therefore, the percent nodularity alone cannot be precisely predicted by the residual magnesium. In this study, the Thermal Analysis (TA) was used to predict the residual magnesium and the nodularity of ductile iron. The newly created TA demonstrated the reliable prediction as the effect of the residual magnesium, sulfur level and the cooling rate were combined in forms of cooling curves. The correlations of the residual magnesium, the Maximum Cooling Rate (MCR) and the angle of the cooling rate curve (θ) at the end of solidification were shown in this work. Finally, the relationships were used to encode in the software for the on-site prediction.


Author(s):  
Gøril Jahrsengene ◽  
Stein Rørvik ◽  
Arne Petter Ratvik ◽  
Lorentz Petter Lossius ◽  
Richard G. Haverkamp ◽  
...  
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